EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND EFFICIENCY IN WATER AND NITROGEN USE BY SEEDLINGS OF Calophyllum brasiliense, Eucalyptus urograndis, Tabebuia impetiginosa AND Toona ciliata

Souza, Anderson Fernandes; Rocha Junior, Elio de Oliveira; Laura, Valdemir Antônio

doi:10.5902/1980509835054

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Artigos • Ciênc. Florest. 28 (4) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509835054 copy

EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND EFFICIENCY IN WATER AND NITROGEN USE BY SEEDLINGS OF Calophyllum brasiliense, Eucalyptus urograndis, Tabebuia impetiginosa AND Toona ciliata

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The knowledge about the early development of seedlings is critical to the success of reforestation and planting in natural forests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial development and efficiency of water and nitrogen use by seedlings of four native and exotic species (Calophyllum brasiliense (native), Eucalyptus urograndis (exotic), Toona ciliata (exotic) and Tabebuia impetiginosa (native)) with age of approximately 120 days after sowing for 120 days after transplantation in green-house conditions. Destructive samples were carried out to assess the dry biomass (Leaf, Stem, Root and Total), leaf area, the root shoot ratio and total nitrogen in seedlings. Based on these variables, it was calculated the physiological parameters of growth and efficiency of water use, which was obtained by the ratio between the total dry biomass accumulation and evapotranspiration of vessels in the period, determined by daily weighing in a balance bench. At the end of 240 days after sowing, Calophyllum brasiliense and Tabebuia impetiginosa produced more total biomass and Toona ciliata showed higher root shoot ratio. There were no differences between the relative growth rate of the species evaluated. Eucalyptus urograndis, Toona ciliata and Calophyllum brasiliense showed the highest values of leaf area ratio, Toona ciliata, Tabebuia impetiginosa and Eucalyptus urograndis showed the highest values of specific leaf area, Eucalyptus urograndis and Calophyllum brasiliense show the highest values for leaf mass ratio and Tabebuia impetiginosa, Toona ciliata and Eucalyptus urograndis showed the highest values of net assimilation rate. Based on quantification of total nitrogen, Tabebuia impetiginosa and Toona ciliata were the most efficient species in the use of nitrogen. Eucalyptus urograndis presented the highest evapotranspiration while Calophyllum brasiliense and Tabebuia impetiginosa were the most efficient species in water use.

Keywords:
growth analysis; water consumption; forest species; native species

Tabela 1 Caracterização granulométrica do solo utilizado no ensaio.

% - g/kg
Argila	Silte	Areia
Argila	Silte	Total	Fina	Média	Grossa
68,4	16,2	15,4	10,4	4,3	0,8

Tabela 2 Caracterização química do solo utilizado no ensaio.

pH		P	K⁺	Ca⁺⁺	Mg⁺⁺	Al³⁺	H⁺+Al³⁺	MO	S*	t	T	m	V
H₂O	CaCl₂	mg/dm³			cmol_C/dm³			g/dm³	cmol_C/dm³			%
5,83	4,92	0,9	32	0,3	0,3	0	1,16	5,2	0,7	0,7	1,8	0	37

Tabela 3 Biomassa seca, área foliar e relação raiz/parte aérea de mudas de Calophyllum brasiliense, Eucalyptus urograndis, Toona ciliata e Tabebuia impetiginosa com 120, 180 e 240 dias após a semeadura.

DAS	Espécie			Biomassa		Seca	(g)			Área Foliar (cm²)		Relação Raiz/Parte Aérea
		Folha		Caule		Raiz		Total
120	Calophyllum brasiliense	1.51	a	1.95	a	1.09	b	4.56	a	160.83	a	0.33	c
	Eucalyptus urograndis	0.97	b	0.83	b	0.93	b	2.73	b	105.53	b	0.52	c
	Tabebuia impetiginosa	0.30	c	2.46	a	2.05	a	4.81	a	26.32	c	0.74	b
	Toona ciliata	0.28	c	0.34	b	0.59	b	1.2	c	28.09	c	0.95	a
	CV (%)	20.54		23.87		30.37		17.78		10.53		25.41
180	Calophyllum brasiliense	2.00	a	2.38	a	2.43	a	6.81	a	177.00	b	0.56	b
	Eucalyptus urograndis	1.67	ab	1.19	b	2.17	ab	5.03	a	163.40	bc	0.76	ab
	Tabebuia impetiginosa	1.29	b	2.21	a	3.01	a	6.51	a	242.13	a	0.86	a
	Toona ciliata	0.58	c	0.69	b	1.25	b	2.52	b	101.96	c	0.99	a
	CV (%)	19.44		19.35		21.90		16.59		17.42		15.58
240	Calophyllum brasiliense	2.69	a	3.53	a	4.2	a	10.42	a	191.91	bc	0.68	b
	Eucalyptus urograndis	2.56	a	2.07	b	3.67	a	8.30	b	358.38	a	0.79	b
	Tabebuia impetiginosa	1.38	b	3.68	a	4.07	a	9.13	ab	287.03	ab	0.80	b
	Toona ciliata	0.50	c	0.87	c	1.87	b	3.23	c	120.62	c	1.46	a
	CV (%)	20.86		9.26		19.78		12.78		19.48		20.40

Tabela 4 Evapotranspiração por parcela e eficiência de uso de água das mudas (EUA) de Calophyllum brasiliense, Eucalyptus urograndis, Toona ciliata e Tabebuia impetiginosa nos períodos entre 120-180, 180-240 e 120-240 (Total) dias após a semeadura.

Espécie	Evapotranspiração (g H₂O) por parcela¹						EUA
Espécie	120-180 DAS		180-240 DAS		Total		mg g^-1 H₂O
Calophyllum brasiliense	10142.50	b	10823.75	b	20966.25	b	0.7758	a
Eucalyptus urograndis	11265.00	a	12503.75	a	23768.75	a	0.5825	b
Tabebuia impetiginosa	9755.00	b	8598.75	c	18353.75	c	0.7321	ab
Toona ciliata	8687.50	c	8263.75	c	16951.25	d	0.3095	c
Controle (Solo)	8556.25	c	8083.75	c	16640.00	d	---------
CV (%)	4.34		3.38		3.23		15.32

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[TFN1] Em que: S = Soma de Bases; t = Capacidade de troca Cátions efetiva; T = Capacidade de Troca Cátions a pH 7,0; m = Saturação por alumínio; V = Saturação por bases.