Science and technology workshops as a pedagogical strategy for teaching science in elementary schools

Santos, Marcos Miranda; Sá-Silva, Jackson Ronie

doi:10.1590/1516-731320220035

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Ciência & Educação (Bauru)

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Ciênc. educ. (Bauru) 28 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-731320220035 copy

Science and technology workshops as a pedagogical strategy for teaching science in elementary schools

Oficinas de ciência e tecnologia como estratégia pedagógica para a educação científica de estudantes do ensino fundamental

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the efficiency of science workshops and thus investigate associated teaching methods used with elementary school students. We evaluated the performance of the 20 participants of a science workshop during the development of 24 science projects in the second half of 2019. Their score was submitted to statistical analysis, which pointed to significant differences throughout the period. We observed that students' performance peaked between the first and the last month of the project. Workshops generate knowledge that, in a spectral and capillary way, is shared with the visitors through the speeches of each participant. Therefore, biased representations and concepts give place to new possibilities of education through research, in a way to fight denialism, which has become entrenched in our society.

Keywords
Elementary school; Scientific education; Teaching through research; Learning technique

Themes	Subthemes	Mathematical contents
Technology and the importance of electricity	History of Technology; Social Technologies; The international system of measures; Ampere's Law; Real and conventional sense of the electric current; Faraday's induction law; Energy sources and their transformations; Electric Generators; How electric power gets to our home; Conductors and Insulators; Electric shock and electricity care; Electrical Circuits (Series and Parallel); Electrical measurements and the use of the multimeter; Voltage and electrical resistances (Ohm's Law); Electric power, consumption and its result in the environment.	Four operations; Scale and proportion; Linear function and its graph.
The movements and the thermology	Heat and temperature; Applications of thermodynamic knowledge in society; Position and displacement; Average and instantaneous speed; Newton's Laws; Balance of forces; The Force of Gravity; Angular movement; Rights and duties of pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles.	Four operations; Scale and proportion; Cartesian Plane; Linear function and its graph; Vectors; Pythagorean Theorem.
Virtual world and its technologies	Human, physical and logical part of a computer; History of Internet; Dangers on the Internet; Prejudice in social networks; Binary Code; Algorithm.	Four operations; Potentiation.
Fluids	A historical view of the study of fluids; Density and pressure; Flow of a hydraulic system; Principle of Pascal; Hydraulic machines; Arquimedes and Estevin.	Four operations; Scale and proportion; Cartesian Plane; Linear function and its graph.

Criterion	Description
Learn to handle instruments, machines, and tools from the workshop	Mastery in the handling of tools and measuring instruments (ruler, multimeter, etc.) by the student autonomously in the construction of cars and miniature houses, electrical circuits, or other activities in the classroom, as well as in the care of them and the surrounding colleagues.
Develop logical-mathematical reasoning	The student identifies and solves problems using mathematical operations, unraveling their organization structure, recognizing symbols, and applying calculation logic, as well as reading, interpreting, and constructing graphs.
Appropriate the use of the computer and its function	Mastery in the use of the computer in activities, in Internet consultations, in the appropriate use of programs such as text editors, browsers, and compilers, be they written, and/or digital; and in talks and debates about social networks, dangers on the Internet and the socialization of this learning.
Learn to relate the ideas of physics involved in the various technological phenomena and transformations of nature and understand the relationships with their daily lives	The student interprets scientific ideas in the use of technologies (mainly electricity and mechanics). During discussions of topics in class, he/she presents arguments formulated with the help of the scientific method and based on scientific studies published in the media. The student sees himself as an agent of transformation of his reality.

			Tukey's test
Criteria	F(df)	p-value		Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Learn to handle instruments, machines, and tools from the workshop.	143.3₍₅₎	4.48^-46	Jul Aug Sep				5.71^-05	2.26^-05	7.54^-12 0.01 0.02
Develop logical-mathematical reasoning.	80.48₍₅₎	9.29^-36	Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov				4.17^-05 0.03	0.03 1.05^-12 2.34^-09 1.98^-05	2.34^-09
Appropriate the use of the computer and its function.	16.25₍₅₎	4.46^-12	Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov		0.03	0.002	0.0001	2.36^-06	3.79^-03 2.36^-06 0.0001 0.001
Learn to relate the ideas of physics involved in the various technological phenomena and transformations of nature and understand the relationships with their daily lives.	190.9₍₅₎	1.14^-05	Aug Sep				9.18^-14 1.55^-12

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação para a Ciência, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências, campus de Bauru. Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Campus Universitário - Vargem Limpa CEP 17033-360 Bauru - SP/ Brasil , Tel./Fax: (55 14) 3103 6177 - Bauru - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@fc.unesp.br

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[1] Corresponding Author: marcoseduardo@furg.br