A Securitização da Tríplice Fronteira entre Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai

Castro, Isabelle Christine Somma de

doi:10.1590/S0102-8529.2019420300002

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Research Articles • Contexto int. 42 (3) • Sep/Dec 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8529.2019420300002 copiar

A Securitização da Tríplice Fronteira entre Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as principais características do discurso dos EUA em relação à Tríplice Fronteira entre Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai através da análise de 16 edições dos relatórios Patterns Global Terrorism e Country Reports on Terrorism, publicados entre 2001 e 2016. A teoria da Securitização é aplicada para explicar o uso dos atos de fala como movimentos para securitizar a região. Depois de utilizar o NVivo para medir a frequência das palavras, pôde ser observada uma forte ligação entre a ascensão do campo semântico financeiro e os confrontos no Oriente Médio. Também pôde ser observado que os relatórios revelam uma ênfase especial em relação à legislação sobre terrorismo nos três países mencionados.

Palavras-chave
Tríplice Fronteira; securitização; análise de conteúdo; terrorismo; George W. Bush; Barack Obama.

	*PGT 2000*		*PGT 2001*		*PGT 2002*		*PGT 2003*		*PGT 2004*
1	Paraguay (5)	1	Hizballah (8)	1	Argentina (11)	1	Brazil (21)	1	Paraguay (19)
2	Argentina (4)	2	officials (7)		government	2	terrorism (20)	2	terrorist (17)
	arrested (4)		Paraguay		terrorism	3	Argentina (17)	3	Brazil (15)
	Paraguayan (4)	3	terrorist (6)	2	Paraguay (10)		terrorist	4	terrorism (14)
3	Amia (3)	4	Brazil (5)	3	Brazil (9)	4	Paraguay (14)	5	Argentina (10)
	Brazil		continued		States	5	government (12)	6	united (9)
	criminal		September		terrorist	6	counterterrorism (11)	7	against (8)
	Israeli		some		United		support		States
	remained	5	Argentina (4)	4	arrested (8)	7	international (9)	8	groups (7)
	Terrorist		attacks		international		united		International
4	America (2)		charges		Tri-border	8	Brazilian (8)		Money
	authorities		counterterrorism	5	authorities (7)		extradition	9	Argentine (6)
	Bomb		criminal		Police		financial		Government
	Borders		Hamas	6	area (6)	9	activities (7)		Laundering
	businessman		individuals		Brazilian		against		Suspected
	continued		regional		counterterrorism		continued	10	financial (5)
	corruption	6	activities (3)		countries		groups		Legislation
	Country		Amia		Hizballah		states		Security
	Early		Argentine		Party	10	area (6)	11	activities (4)
	Efforts		arrest/arrested	7	Barakat (5)		drug		Area
	February		association		Dahroug		including		Bill
	Groups		attack		financial	11	Asunción (5)		Charges
	Hizballah		bombing	8	antiterrorism (4)		cooperation		counter-terrorism
	international		documents		December		countries		Evasion
	Islamic		enforcement		extradition		domestic		Extradition
	Judicial		governments		Former		Hizballah		Group
	Links		incident		legislation		legislation		Hizballah
	Police		laundering		Money		signed		Intelligence
	Tri-border		middle		Paraguayan		trafficking		Operational
	Yassine		money		Request		Tri-border		Remained
			Paraguayan		Security				Terrorists
			police		September				Ties
			raided		Support
			several		terrorists
			states
			suspected/suspects
			trial
			Tri-border
			united

	*CRT 2005*		*CRT 2006*		*CRT 2007*		*Total Bush*
1	Paraguay (12)	1	Paraguay (19)	1	laundering (22)	1	Paraguay (105)
2	Brazil (11)	2	money (17)		money	2	Terrorist (92)
3	government (10)	3	laundering (16)	2	Paraguay (19)	3	Brazil (89)
	terrorist		terrorist	3	financial (14)	4	Argentina (73)
4	Argentina (9)	4	Brazil (13)		terrorist		terrorism (73)
	counterterrorism		government	4	terrorism (13)	5	Government (62)
	united	5	counterterrorism (11)	5	Brazil (12)	6	money (61)
5	states (8)	6	border (10)	6	Argentina (10)	7	laundering (56)
6	groups (7)	7	area (9)		government		united (56)
7	area (6)		states	7	border (9)	8	counterterrorism (55)
8	border (5)		terrorism		counterterrorism	9	states (51)
	Hizballah		united		enforcement	10	financial (45)
	legislation	8	Argentina (8)		financing	11	Hizballah (42)
	money		legislation	8	illicit (8)	12	area (39)
	strengthen	9	financial (7)		united	13	groups (38)
	support		Hizballah	9	activities (7)	14	international (37)
	Tri-border	10	Argentine (6)		Argentine	15	legislation (33)
9	Argentine (4)		illicit		finance	16	activities (32)
	financial		legal		groups		Argentine (32)
	illicit		remained		intelligence	17	Brazilian (30)
	international	11	activities (5)		legal	18	against (29)
	Islamic		address		security		support (29)
	laundering		efforts		states	19	border (28)
	Paraguayan		extradition	10	anti (6)		security (28)
	political		groups		area		suspected (28)
	security		international		Brazilian	20	continued (26)
	suspected		region		force		police (26)
10	activity (3)	12	bank (4)	11	action (5)		Tri-border (26)
	agreed		central		customs	21	enforcement (25)
	authorities		concerned		Hizballah		intelligence (25)
	Barakat		enforcement		legislation	22	extradition (23)
	bombing		financing		training	23	illicit (22)
	Brazilian		governments				remained (22)
	capabilities		group			24	Barakat (21)
	efforts		including				officials (21)
	enforcement		individuals			25	efforts (20)
	FARC		institutions				Paraguayan (20)
	forces		intelligence			26	financing (19)
	implement		November				including (19)
	intelligence		reform				legal (19)
	meeting		suspected			27	arrested (18)
	operational		under				authorities (18)
	terrorism		unit				countries (18)
	under						group (18)
	unit

	*CRT 2008*		*CRT 2009*				*CRT 2011*		*CRT 2012*
1	money (29)	1	terrorist (23)	1	terrorist (30)	1	terrorist (28)	1	Brazil (24)
2	laundering (28)	2	Brazil (18)	2	Brazil (23)	2	Brazil (25)	2	terrorist (22)
3	Brazil (26)	3	Argentina (17)	3	border (21)	3	Argentina (20)	3	Paraguay (18)
4	Paraguay (25)	4	border (16)	4	Argentina (19)		police (20)	4	financial (16)
5	border (24)		laundering (16)	5	Paraguay (16)	4	Paraguay (18)	5	Argentina (15)
6	terrorist (23)		money (16)	6	enforcement (14)	5	financial (17)		enforcement (15)
7	states (18)	5	Paraguay (15)	7	government (13)	6	Argentine (16)		security (15)
	united (18)	6	Brazilian (14)		laundering (13)		money (16)	6	border (13)
8	Argentina (14)		government (14)		money (13)	7	laundering (15)	7	government (11)
	financial (14)	7	financial (12)	8	terrorism (12)	8	border (14)		regional (11)
9	financing (13)		financing (12)	9	FATF (11)		government (14)	8	Argentine (10)
	government (13)	8	police (11)		financial (11)	9	financing (13)		Counterterrorism (10)
10	area (12)	9	group (10)		financing (11)	10	Brazilian (12)		laundering (10)
	Brazilian (12)	10	area (9)		group (11)	11	enforcement (11)		money (10)
	counterterrorism (12)		Argentine (9)	10	Brazilian (10)		security (11)		police (10)
11	activities (11)		enforcement (9)	11	Argentine (9)	12	FATF (9)	9	international (9)
	police (11)	11	intelligence (8)		police (9)		international (9)	10	Brazilian (8)
12	enforcement (10)		terrorism (8)	12	Area (8)		regional (9)		continued (8)
	group (10)		training (8)		International (8)		training (9)		financing (8)
	illicit (10)		united (8)	12	activities (7)	13	American (8)		terrorism (8)
	region (10)	12	activities (7)		assets (7)		continued (8)	11	cooperation (7)
	terrorism (10)		groups (7)		groups (7)		crimes (8)		crimes (7)
13	continued (9)		illicit (7)		related (7)		October (8)		FATF (7)
14	drugs (8)		region (7)		training (7)	14	area (7)		group (7)
	federal (8)		states (7)	13	Coaf (6)		control (7)	12	department (6)
	groups (8)	13	anti (6)		cooperation (6)		group (7)		member (6)
	Hizballah (8)		concerned (6)		counterterrorism (6)		legislation (7)		members (6)
	intelligence (8)		counterterrorism (6)		finance (6)		related (7)	13	action (5)
	security (8)		customs (6)		funds (6)		state (7)		alleged (5)
15	Argentine (7)	13	document (6)		legislation (6)	14	terrorism (7)	13	bilateral (5)
	concerned (7)		federal (6)		Paraguayan (6)	15	action (6)		borders (5)
	training (7)		security (6)		regional (6)		authorities (6)		coaf (5)
16	anti (6)	14	against (5)		September (6)		cooperation (6)		created (5)
	bill (6)		Congress (5)		smuggling (6)		efforts (6)		efforts (5)
	congress (6)		contraband (5)		states (6)		force (6)		explosive (5)
	crime (6)		drugs (5)		united (6)		program (6)		finance (5)
	efforts (6)		efforts (5)				task (6)		force (5)
	established (6)		fraud (5)						information (5)
	goods (6)		goods (5)						legislation (5)
	including (6)		including (5)						ministry (5)
	international (6)		international (5)						since (5)
			July (5)						state (5)
			operations (5)						system (5)
			Paraguayan (5)						task (5)
			three (5)

	CRT 2013		CRT 2014		CRT 2015		Total Obama
1	security (24)	1	Brazil (29)	1	Brazil (33)	1	Brazil (199)
2	enforcement (22)	2	security (28)		security (29)	2	terrorist (190)
3	Brazil (21)	3	terrorist (23)	2	terrorism (26)	3	Paraguay (151)
4	Argentina (20) terrorism	4	Paraguay (21)	3	Paraguay (22); terrorist	4	Argentina (142); border
5	terrorist (19)	5	financial (20); border	4	border (20); enforcement	5	financial (126); security
6	financial (17)	6	Argentina (19)	5	Brazilian (19); financial	6	money (121)
7	money (16)Paraguay		terrorism (18); enforcement	6	Argentina (18); counterterrorism	7	enforcement (119)
8	border (14); government; laundering	7	Brazilian (16)	7	financing (16); international; police	8	laundering (114)
9	international (12)	8	international (12); government; counterterrorism; group	8	government (15)	9	terrorism (109)
10	crimes (11); financing; police	9	financing (11);money; police	9	continued (13); group; state	10	government (106)
11	Argentine (10); Brazilian; continued; regional	10	continued (10); state	10	department (12)	11	Brazilian (101)
12	alleged (9); counterterrorism; state	11	crimes (9); laundering; legislation; program; regional	11	cooperation (10); money; Paraguayan	12	police (99)
13	agencies (8);FATF; killed;legislation;members	12	FATF (8)	12	against (9); information; laundering; regional	13	financing (95)
14	military (7)	13	action (7); force; information	13	action (8); crimes; force; investigation; national; pedro; program; task	14	international (77) counterterrorism (77)
15	action (6); control; federal; force; group; information; level; national; Paraguayan; task	14	operations (6); training	14	agencies (7); area; Argentine; borders; legislation; operations; president	15	group (76)
		15	argentine (5); working			16	Argentine (73)
						17	continued (66)
						18	regional (57)
						19	area (56)
						20	states (52)
						21	united (50) legislation (50)
						22	training (49)
						23	FATF (48) state (48) crimes (48)
						24	cooperation (45)
						25	action (43)
						26	information (42) force (42)
						27	activities (40) federal (40)
						28	against (39)
						29	efforts (38)
						30	intelligence (37) task (37)
						31	Paraguayan (36) program (36)
						32	operations (35)
						33	control (34) president (34)

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[1] Isabelle Christine Somma de Castro is a FAPESP Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Political Science at the University of São Paulo (USP). She is a member of the Center for Research of International Relations (Nupri-USP), the National Institute of Science and Technology for Studies of the USA (INCT-Ineu) and the Triple Frontier and International Relations Research Center (GTF/Unila). She holds an M.A. and a Ph.D. from the University of São Paulo (USP). She was a visiting student at the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Cambridge with a Capes fellowship and a visiting Scholar in the Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University, with a FAPESP fellowship.