R2P e os Modeladores de Normas Pluralistas

Ribeiro, Mikelli Marzzini L. A.

doi:10.1590/S0102-8529.2019420100001

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Research Articles • Contexto int. 42 (1) • Jan-Apr 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8529.2019420100001 copiar

R2P e os Modeladores de Normas Pluralistas

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O R2P trouxe novos desafios para a pesquisa de normas nas Relações Internacionais, principalmente devido às ações das potências emergentes. Esses estados tiveram um comportamento complexo em relação à norma. Em vez de classificá-los como simples rejeitadores ou tomadores de normas, a literatura atual sobre normas em Relações Internacionais os classificou como formadores de normas. Em seu comportamento, as potências emergentes procurariam moldar a norma sob vários ângulos. Nesse sentido, surge a necessidade de enquadrar teoricamente esses tipos de engajamento. Este ensaio tem como objetivo analisar a ação de modeladores normativos através das lentes da Escola de Inglês de Relações Internacionais, combinada com o construtivismo. Depois de apresentar os modeladores de normas e caracterizá-los teoricamente, é introduzido um novo conceito, chamado modelador de normas pluralista.

Palavras-chave
Responsabilidade de Proteger; Escola Inglesa; potências emergentes; norm-shapers; pluralismo.

Primary institutions		Secondary institutions
Master	Derivative	(examples of)
Sovereignty	Non-intervention International law	UN General Assembly, most regimes, international courts, some PKOs
Territoriality Diplomacy	Boundaries Bilateralism Multilateralism	Embassies, United Nations Conferences
Great power management	Alliances Balance of power War	Most IGOs, regimes, NATOUN Security Council
Equality of people	Human rights Humanitarian intervention	Human Rights Council
Market	Trade liberalisation Finance liberalisation	GATT/WTO, IBRD, IMF
Nationalism	Hegemonic stability Self-determination Popular sovereignty Democracy	Some PKOs
Environmental stewardship	Species survival Climate stability	Environmental regimes

Guidelines	Problems to be avoided
To implement actions exclusively aimed at protecting civilians	Actions motivated by other political intentions
Intervention legitimately (legally) authorised	Actions without appropriate authorisation of the Security Council
To exhaust political and diplomatic means	Excessive use of coercive measures (which causes more harm than good)
To define the purpose of intervention precisely	Using R2P to overthrow governments
Intervenors should participate in the post-intervention reconstruction process	Intervention without any further responsibility (‘smash and go’)
To create supervisory, accountability and evaluation mechanisms ex post factum	Actions without any supervision (whether during or after the military operation)

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relações Internacionais Rua Marques de São Vicente, 225 - Casa 20 , 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil, Tel.: (55 21) 3527-2284, Fax: (55 21) 3527-1560 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cintjournal@puc-rio.br

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[1] Mikelli Marzzini L. A. Ribeiro is Professor of International Relations in the Political Science Department of Federal University of Pernambuco (Brazil). He was professor of Law in Bahia State University (Brazil) from 2013 until 2019, where he taught International Law. He holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from Federal University of Pernambuco (Brazil) and a Master’s Degree in International Relations from Paraiba State University (Brazil). During his Ph.D., he was visiting researcher at the European University Institute (Italy) and at Leiden University (The Netherlands). He has published articles related to human rights, emerging powers’ foreign policy and international institutions. His publications have focus especially on the Responsibility to Protect and humanitarian intervention.