Experimental
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40 |
Betta splendens (B. splendens), Poecilia reticulata
|
To evaluate the oviposition behavior of A. aegypti in containers containing B. splendens and P. reticulata. |
B. splendens was better at controlling Aedes mosquitoes than P. reticulata and can be used to prevent A. aegypti females from depositing eggs in water containers. |
Experimental
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41 |
B. splendens
|
To estimate the survival of B. splendens in domestic containers and their efficacy in controlling premature stages of A. aegypti compared to the larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). |
B. splendens may be suitable for the biological control of A. aegypti in large domestic water containers, but measures should be taken to ensure prolonged survival and the presence of fish in the containers. |
Experimental
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42 |
B. splendens, Poecilia sphenops, Trichogaster trichopterus, and Astyanax fasciatus
|
To evaluate the competence of fish on the predation of A. aegypti larvae under laboratory conditions. |
Females and males of T. trichopterus and A. fasciatus and females of B. splendens and P. sphenops were the most competent fish for A. aegypti larvae predation. |
Experimental
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43 |
B. splendens
|
To evaluate the use of larvivorous fish in cement tanks as a form of biological control for A. aegypti larvae. |
B. splendens showed potential for biological control in cement tanks, reducing the infestation by 320-fold in this type of container. |
Experimental
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44 |
B. splendens, T. trichopterus, and P. reticulata
|
To evaluate the survival of predator fish larvae in water with larvicides used to control Aedes. |
B. splendens presented the lowest mortality rate, and the combined use of predatory and larvicidal fish in large water tanks is feasible. |
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Plant Species Used
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Native Plants As Larvicides
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Experimental
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45 |
Constituents of the natural liquids of the cashew nutshell: anacardic acid, cardol, and cardanol |
To evaluate the antioxidant and larvicidal actions of the components anacardic acid, cardanol, and cardol. |
The three components were shown to be promising agents to control A. aegypti and function as antioxidants, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and A. aegypti larvicides. |
Experimental
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46 |
Cashew nut shell: sodium anacardate |
To evaluate the insecticidal activity of sodium anacardate isolated from cashew nut shell liquid against the eggs and pupae of A. aegypti.
|
Sodium anacardate presented toxicity against A. aegypti eggs, larvae, and pupae and may be a viable, low-cost alternative to control Aedes.
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Type of Oil
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Essential Oils
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Experimental
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47 |
Alpinia zerumbet, Citrus limonia, Citrus sinensis, S. jambolana, Ocimum americanum, Ocimum gratissimum, Hyptis suaveolens
|
To evaluate the larvicidal activity of nine plants found in Northeast Brazil against A. Aegypti larvae. |
O. americanum and O. gratissimum have LC50 values of 67 ppm and 60 ppm, respectively, and the authors suggest a beneficial use of these essential oils for controlling A. aegypti.
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Experimental
|
48 |
Capraria biflora
|
To evaluate the larvicidal activity of C. biflora against A. aegypti.
|
C. biflora oil contains 14 essential oil constituents and shows good larvicidal activity against A. aegypti.
|
Experimental
|
49 |
Leaves of Hyptis martiusii Benth |
To evaluate the insecticidal activity of the chemical components of the volatile oils of H. martiusii Benth. |
Twenty-six compounds, representing 93.2% of the leaf essential oils, were characterized, and the leaf essential oil and 1,8-cineole showed an insecticidal effect against A. aegypti larvae. |
Experimental
|
50 |
Seed extract of Myracrodruon urundeuva
|
To isolate m-pentadecadienyl-phenol from M. urundeuva seeds and test its activity in three life stages of A. aegypti to elucidate its mode of insecticidal action. |
m-Pentadecadienyl-phenol was shown to be a potent larvicide, with inhibitory activity on pupae and in the egg incubation phase. |
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Organophosphate
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Chemicals
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|
Experimental
|
51 |
Temephos |
To evaluate the susceptibility of A. aegypti eggs and larvae to the organophosphate temephos. |
Resistance to temephos was observed, demonstrating that populations of A. aegypti are under strong temephos selection pressure, compromising efficacy. |
Experimental
|
52 |
Temephos and the pyrethroid cypermethrin |
To describe resistance to temephos and the pyrethroid cypermethrin in three populations and to use biochemical and molecular assays to characterize resistance mechanisms. |
Two populations of A. aegypti were under strong temephos selection pressure, compromising the efficacy of this organophosphate, and resistance to cypermethrin was observed in two of the three populations studied. |
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Mosquito
|
Vector/Mosquito
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Experimental
|
53 |
A. albopictus
|
To publish the first record of A. albopictus in an urban area in the city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará. |
Thirteen specimens of A. albopictus were identified (all female), and their introduction into Fortaleza was favored by the migration of people from other regions. |
Descriptive
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54 |
A. aegypti and A. albopictus
|
To identify the areas of occurrence, breeding sites, and associations with A. aegypti and other Culicidae. |
The absence of one of the species at the breeding sites increased infestation by the other species, and breeding sites not infested by A. albopictus had twice the prevalence of A. aegypti. |
Experimental
|
55 |
A. aegypti
|
To evaluate the daily survival probability of A. aegypti.
|
Survival analyses indicated that the mortality of A. aegypti varied with the age of the mosquitoes and with the local environment. |
Experimental
|
56 |
A. aegypti
|
To estimate the variability of the survival rate of A. aegypti and determine how the climate is related to this variation. |
The mortality of mosquitoes varies with age as well as with environmental and meteorological conditions. The climate in Fortaleza may impact the mortality of older mosquitoes that are potentially better pathogen vectors. |
Experimental
|
57 |
A. aegypti and A. albopictus
|
To analyze the probability of vertical dengue virus transmission in A. aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes in the city of Fortaleza. |
The vertical transmission of dengue virus in populations of A. aegypti and A. albopictus was found to be significant in the urban area of Fortaleza. |
Experimental
|
58 |
A. aegypti and A. albopictus
|
To compare the incidence of dengue fever in relation to the rainfall in the city of Fortaleza since 1986. |
The proportion of houses infested with mosquito vectors correlated inversely with the intensity of antimosquito interventions, and the vector population developed independently of rainfall. |
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Plant Species Used
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Antiviral Drugs
|
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Experimental
|
59 |
Spondias tuberosa and Spondias mombin
|
To evaluate new antiviral agents for controlling dengue virus. Spondias spp. extracts against DENV-2 were evaluated in C6/36 cells in vitro. |
The main phenolic components rutin and quercetin showed substantial potential against dengue virus. |
Experimental
|
60 |
Seeds of Dimorphandra gardneriana, Adenanthera pavonina and Caesalpinia ferrea. |
To verify whether D. gardneriana, A. pavonina, and C. ferrea can be used as phytotherapy for dengue. |
This was the first study to evaluate the antioxidant and antiviral effects of sulphated galactomannans against DENV-2. The results are promising and suggest that they act early during viral infection. |