Software for assessment and monitoring the decoding skills development of children from the elementary school: validity based on response process

Soares, Aparecido José Couto; Befi-Lopes, Débora Maria

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20242023349en

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Brasil

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Sumário

Original Article • CoDAS 36 (5) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20242023349en copy

Software for assessment and monitoring the decoding skills development of children from the elementary school: validity based on response process

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To continue the validation process of the Decoding Development Monitoring Protocol (PRADE) in software format in the validity evidence stage based on response processes.

Methods

250 individuals participated in this study, 125 individuals from private schools and 125 individuals from public schools. The assessment was carried out in person using the software that hosts the instrument's tasks, which are organized into decoding linguistically balanced words and non-words, respecting the decoding rules of Brazilian Portuguese. The software prepares an individual performance report for each participant, counting the decoding time for each stimulus, as well as the number of words decoded correctly. The data is organized considering the correct decoding time of the stimuli, decoding accuracy and percentage of correct answers. All data underwent statistical analysis using SPSS software.

Results

The data indicated an important effect of the length of words and non-words on public and private school students. Furthermore, it was possible to observe the evolution of decoding, depending on the school year, in all the variables studied. In both groups, a strong influence of non-words on student performance throughout Elementary School I was observed.

Conclusion

The data indicate validity in the analysis of response processes, since it was possible to adequately characterize the performance of school children public and private throughout Elementary School I, characterizing each group, as well as their differences according to the advancement of schooling.

Keywords:
Reading; Learning; Child; Teaching; Software

Variables		Words							Non-Words
School Year	Length	School Type	No.	Average	SD	Median	Min.	Max.	No.	Average	SD	Median	Min.	Max.
1	Mono	Public	14	6.16	3.01	7.04	1.40	12.01	6	9.65	2.87	8.65	6.50	14.60
	Mono	Private	23	9.28	8.49	7.00	.90	45.80	22	10.39	3.95	9.95	2.10	19.50
	Di	Public	14	28.34	16.01	32.75	1.10	51.30	5	27.64	3.34	28.20	22.20	31.20
	Di	Private	20	20.12	7.60	20.20	3.10	36.20	20	40.88	11.36	39.80	21.20	59.10
	Tri	Public	13	17.20	14.91	12.10	5.50	55.52	8	38.84	23.75	49.20	7.60	68.20
	Tri	Private	20	31.04	9.81	34.20	10.10	45.30	20	64.98	27.32	63.95	33.40	142.90
	Poli4	Public	5	21.60	10.05	25.30	5.20	30.10	5	30.28	17.88	22.20	12.40	55.30
	Poli4	Private	19	72.51	32.62	67.10	23.40	137.40	19	50.79	24.66	52.30	8.20	98.20
	Poli5	Public	4	26.63	8.32	29.90	14.50	32.20	4	26.08	14.25	26.70	8.20	42.70
	Poli5	Private	19	30.86	14.43	32.10	8.20	66.00	17	28.18	13.25	25.70	8.30	49.60
	Total	Public	15	61.41	47.66	49.70	4.60	161.91	9	84.72	75.60	103.90	6.50	192.80
	Total	Private	23	145.43	60.79	157.85	6.10	262.40	22	172.27	74.47	171.00	3.20	289.80
2	Mono	Public	23	9.24	3.55	9.20	1.20	16.50	23	10.10	2.87	10.10	4.50	17.20
	Mono	Private	25	7.96	1.87	7.50	5.10	14.90	24	8.66	1.64	8.50	4.20	11.60
	Di	Public	24	28.03	10.76	28.90	7.50	57.90	22	31.19	9.75	32.85	4.10	54.50
	Di	Private	24	24.65	5.44	24.65	15.40	38.20	24	30.12	7.81	29.60	19.80	48.20
	Tri	Public	21	40.99	11.41	41.20	22.20	68.90	21	45.25	13.51	44.60	19.20	86.70
	Tri	Private	24	36.89	10.52	34.70	19.20	59.20	24	43.35	9.12	41.75	22.30	59.20
	Poli4	Public	21	38.70	9.76	39.80	14.90	64.50	21	39.43	13.76	38.90	12.20	61.20
	Poli4	Private	24	35.88	8.84	35.70	21.70	55.30	24	33.66	11.86	36.35	5.10	53.20
	Poli5	Public	21	31.72	8.65	32.30	9.20	48.20	20	21.67	7.71	21.20	6.70	35.70
	Poli5	Private	24	25.03	9.30	24.05	5.70	54.20	22	21.95	11.72	22.40	6.30	43.80
	Total	Public	24	134.37	52.42	147.25	8.20	208.80	23	136.08	51.19	149.10	8.60	221.80
	Total	Private	25	125.51	35.25	131.00	14.90	177.70	24	135.91	32.63	140.40	70.80	192.90
3	Mono	Public	24	7.66	1.41	7.55	4.70	11.30	25	8.03	2.09	8.80	2.40	11.70
	Mono	Private	25	7.11	1.45	6.70	5.50	12.40	25	7.89	2.20	7.80	3.90	14.70
	Di	Public	24	24.56	5.78	23.10	18.70	44.90	24	28.65	4.81	28.05	19.20	39.10
	Di	Private	25	20.58	4.09	19.20	14.10	32.10	25	28.56	8.78	26.50	19.50	54.20
	Tri	Public	24	40.81	7.14	39.50	27.40	56.70	24	47.39	7.88	45.95	34.20	61.20
	Tri	Private	25	36.25	10.84	34.10	20.80	62.20	25	40.26	9.63	37.20	28.20	57.20
	Poli4	Public	24	37.18	8.58	37.20	22.20	57.20	24	63.16	104.56	40.85	22.10	550.70
	Poli4	Private	25	33.03	10.07	29.80	18.10	55.40	25	28.26	8.30	29.10	12.30	49.50
	Poli5	Public	24	22.66	4.30	22.70	15.30	32.20	23	25.53	10.86	24.20	6.20	55.20
	Poli5	Private	25	19.33	5.52	18.60	12.10	31.20	25	20.47	8.14	19.60	6.10	33.90
	Total	Public	24	132.87	23.21	133.10	97.90	200.20	24	171.93	103.19	155.30	92.50	639.70
	Total	Private	25	116.31	25.06	115.50	85.50	171.20	25	125.44	26.31	127.10	78.10	176.40
4	Mono	Public	25	7.06	1.38	7.10	5.10	11.20	25	7.38	1.83	6.90	4.50	11.70
	Mono	Private	25	7.12	1.06	7.00	5.10	8.90	25	7.94	1.83	7.60	5.00	13.20
	Di	Public	25	22.29	4.63	21.20	16.20	39.20	25	23.48	4.96	22.40	14.50	37.50
	Di	Private	25	21.13	2.87	20.70	17.20	29.20	25	26.76	6.70	26.40	17.40	52.80
	Tri	Public	25	38.56	8.14	38.10	24.70	52.90	25	36.08	8.99	33.40	22.30	60.70
	Tri	Private	25	37.06	9.96	34.70	26.40	66.20	25	35.77	8.64	34.50	23.20	53.20
	Poli4	Public	25	34.51	7.91	32.60	22.00	50.10	25	37.86	8,43	41.20	12.30	48.20
	Poli4	Private	25	31.50	9.16	30.00	19.90	63.30	25	35.86	10.50	32.20	22.40	59.10
	Poli5	Public	25	20.27	6.45	20.70	12.30	38.20	25	24.52	9.18	24.50	10.10	41.20
	Poli5	Private	25	18.54	5.80	16.50	13.20	37.10	25	22.86	6.78	22.20	14.50	45.20
	Total	Public	25	122.68	21.03	121.30	83.30	167.30	25	129.30	23.20	130.90	84.90	187.40
	Total	Private	25	115.35	27.26	105.90	82.30	204.70	25	129.19	24.83	124.50	93.60	181.80
5	Mono	Public	25	7.74	1.18	7.70	5.70	10.30	25	8.60	3.11	8.30	4.10	19.20
	Mono	Private	25	7.56	1.95	7.30	4.70	14.70	25	8.59	2.54	7.80	4.70	15.60
	Di	Public	25	23.11	4.23	23.00	17.90	34.10	25	25.98	6.03	25.90	15.20	40.20
	Di	Private	25	22.28	3.63	21.10	17.10	30.20	25	25.82	4.80	25.00	18.00	38.10
	Tri	Public	25	36.08	7.47	35.40	20.80	53.20	25	40.31	10.42	41.20	22.20	55.20
	Tri	Private	25	34.88	7.98	33.20	21.20	54.60	25	39.32	9.35	38.20	23.20	61.20
	Poli4	Public	25	32.69	7.94	30.50	22.00	50.10	25	38.90	10.07	39.10	23.40	63.20
	Poli4	Private	25	31.24	8.11	29.10	21.70	53.40	25	35.84	12.93	34.20	12.20	79.20
	Poli5	Public	25	19.77	4.97	18.70	12.00	28.60	25	23.91	7.51	22.30	8.10	46.10
	Poli5	Private	25	17.37	4.72	16.40	10.70	29.30	25	23.78	8.66	21.10	6.20	49.10
	Total	Public	25	119.39	21.50	114.10	88.50	168.80	25	137.70	24.49	133.60	99.80	193.40
	Total	Private	25	113.34	20.49	108.40	86.80	160.80	25	133.35	27.59	132.40	90.00	209.40

Variables				Words					Non-Words
School Year	Length	School Type	No.	Average	SD	Median	Min.	Max.	No.	Average	SD	Median	Min.	Max.
1	Mono	Public	25	23.33	34.36	16.67	0.00	100	25	15.33	29.23	0.00	0.00	83.33
	Mono	Private	25	74.00	35.38	83.33	0.00	100	25	62.00	32.46	66.67	0.00	100
	Di	Public	25	15.75	26.34	6.25	0.00	87.50	25	11.50	24.98	0.00	0.00	75.00
	Di	Private	25	57.00	34.63	68.75	0.00	93.75	25	58.25	35.07	75.00	0.00	93.75
	Tri	Public	25	12.18	22.87	4.55	0.00	86.36	25	10.91	21.80	0.00	0.00	68.18
	Tri	Private	25	43.82	29.45	50.00	0.00	86.36	25	45.64	28.85	54.55	0.00	86.36
	Poli4	Public	25	8.00	19.97	.00	0.00	81.25	25	5.50	12.67	0.00	0.00	43.75
	Poli4	Private	25	46.00	33.07	56.25	0.00	93.75	25	36.75	29.50	37.50	0.00	87.50
	Poli5	Public	25	10.50	26.19	.00	0.00	100	25	6.50	16.97	0.00	0.00	62.50
	Poli5	Private	25	48.00	34.74	50.00	0.00	100	25	32.50	31.87	37.50	0.00	100
	Total	Public	25	12.46	23.20	4.29	0.00	85.71	25	9.37	19.49	0.00	0.00	61.43
	Total	Private	25	49.09	30.62	62.86	0.00	90.00	25	45.09	28.23	57.14	0.00	81.43
2	Mono	Public	25	72.00	30.32	83.33	0.00	100	25	60.00	27.22	66.67	0.00	100
	Mono	Private	25	96.67	9.62	100	66.67	100	25	79.33	22.71	83.33	0.00	100
	Di	Public	25	62.50	28.30	62.50	0.00	100	25	62.75	32.05	68.75	0.00	100
	Di	Private	25	76.50	21.29	87.50	0.00	93.75	25	76.75	24.44	81.25	0.00	100
	Tri	Public	25	51.09	29.32	54.55	0.00	95.45	25	43.27	25.62	45.45	0.00	86.36
	Tri	Private	25	68.36	24.81	77.27	0.00	100	25	58.00	19.21	63.64	0.00	81.82
	Poli4	Public	25	49.25	29.50	50.00	0.00	93.75	25	35.75	23.21	37.50	0.00	87.50
	Poli4	Private	25	69.75	24.18	75.00	0.00	100	25	42.75	21.70	43.75	0.00	75.00
	Poli5	Public	25	56.50	31.69	62.50	0.00	100	25	36.00	26.59	37.50	0.00	100
	Poli5	Private	25	70.50	27.21	75.00	0.00	100	25	40.50	28.48	37.50	0.00	87.50
	Total	Public	25	54.23	27.42	57.14	0.00	91.43	25	45.37	24.85	48.57	0.00	88.57
	Total	Private	25	71.26	20.60	74.29	5.71	92.86	25	56.97	19.74	60.00	0.00	81.43
3	Mono	Public	25	92.00	21.04	100	0.00	100	25	77.33	18.56	83.33	16.67	100
	Mono	Private	25	98.00	5.53	100	83.33	100	25	82.00	17.29	83.33	50.00	100
	Di	Public	25	86.50	20.06	87.50	0.00	100	25	83.25	20.23	87.50	0.00	100
	Di	Private	25	89.50	6,68	87.50	81.25	100	25	87.50	11.69	87.50	50.00	100
	Tri	Public	25	81.45	19.28	81.82	0.00	100	25	68.36	19.48	68.18	0.00	90.91
	Tri	Private	25	92.18	8.85	95.45	54.55	100	25	66.73	11.86	68.18	31.82	86.36
	Poli4	Public	25	82.75	20.19	87.50	0.00	100	25	59.50	16.74	62.50	0.00	81.25
	Poli4	Private	25	89.00	9.76	87.50	62.50	100	25	56.75	18.92	62.50	12.50	87.50
	Poli5	Public	25	81.50	20.45	87.50	0.00	100	25	55.00	28.18	62.50	0.00	100
	Poli5	Private	25	89.00	15.44	100	50.00	100	25	60.50	24.12	62.50	12.50	87.50
	Total	Public	25	81.49	18.55	85.71	0.00	95.71	25	66.97	17.43	70.00	0.00	85.71
	Total	Private	25	88.34	6.26	90.00	65.71	95.71	25	67.89	12.17	70.00	37.14	82.86
4	Mono	Public	25	93.33	8.33	100	83.33	100	25	72.67	17.27	83.33	33.33	100
	Mono	Private	25	96.67	8.33	100	66.67	100	25	85.33	13.88	83.33	66.67	100
	Di	Public	25	88.75	8.84	93.75	62.50	100	25	72.75	18.39	75.00	31.25	100
	Di	Private	25	91.75	7.59	93.75	75.00	100	25	90.75	11.71	93.75	50.00	100
	Tri	Public	25	87.82	11.49	90.91	59.09	100	25	61.27	13.89	63.64	27.27	81.82
	Tri	Private	25	96.73	5.33	100	77.27	100	25	74.36	12.71	72.73	45.45	100
	Poli4	Public	25	83.00	16.19	87.50	37.50	100	25	56.50	14.93	62.50	12.50	81.25
	Poli4	Private	25	96.75	4.46	100	87.50	100	25	65.25	15.84	68.75	43.75	100
	Poli5	Public	25	88.50	12.97	87.50	50.00	100	25	60.00	23.11	62.50	12.50	87.50
	Poli5	Private	25	98.50	4.15	100	87.50	100	25	71.00	16.82	75.00	37.50	100
	Total	Public	25	84.97	9.04	87.14	60.00	95.71	25	61.89	13.48	65.71	22.86	77.14
	Total	Private	25	93.03	3.72	94.29	81.43	97.14	25	74.46	9.65	75.71	52.86	91.43
5	Mono	Public	25	92.67	9.72	100	66.67	100	25	78.67	15.61	83.33	50.00	100
	Mono	Private	25	96.67	6.80	100	83.33	100	25	84.67	14.37	83.33	50.00	100
	Di	Public	25	91.00	6.01	93.75	75.00	100	25	76.75	14.38	75.00	43.75	100
	Di	Private	25	93.25	5.68	93.75	81.25	100	25	88.75	11.69	93.75	56.25	100
	Tri	Public	25	92.73	9.00	95.45	63.64	100	25	69.64	14.05	72.73	22.73	95.45
	Tri	Private	25	94.18	10.21	100	54.55	100	25	72.55	13.67	72.73	45.45	100
	Poli4	Public	25	92.00	8.75	93.75	62.50	100	25	65.50	17.60	68.75	31.25	87.50
	Poli4	Private	25	93.75	7.22	93.75	75.00	100	25	63.50	17.09	68.75	18.75	87.50
	Poli5	Public	25	94.00	9.63	100	62.50	100	25	63.00	24.60	62.50	12.50	100
	Poli5	Private	25	94.00	8.93	100	75.00	100	25	68.00	24.49	75.00	12.50	100
	Total	Public	25	89.66	5.89	91.43	72.86	95.71	25	68.34	11.23	70.00	45.71	84.29
	Total	Private	25	91.37	5.56	92.86	74.29	97.14	25	72.63	11.16	72.86	50.00	92.86

Variables		Words							Non-Words
School Year	Length	School Type	No.	Average	SD	Median	Min.	Max.	No.	Average	SD	Median	Min.	Max.
1	Mono	Public	25	14.58	17.63	7.73	0.00	46.94	25	5.87	11.18	0.00	0.00	35.29
	Mono	Private	25	39.93	25.61	39.13	0.00	112.50	25	22.38	10.84	23.44	0.00	44.44
	Di	Public	25	10.52	17.98	1.36	0.00	54.55	25	3.91	8.34	0.00	0.00	25.53
	Di	Private	25	28.66	16.07	36.07	0.00	49.45	25	14.13	8.95	14.44	0.00	37.19
	Tri	Public	25	7.33	8.62	7.64	0.00	26.92	25	3.30	5.37	0.00	0.00	16.73
	Tri	Private	25	18.67	11.08	21.91	0.00	35.29	25	10.54	7.33	10.41	0.00	24.68
	Poli4	Public	25	3.25	7.04	0.00	0.00	25.91	25	2.08	5.31	0.00	0.00	24.19
	Poli4	Private	25	8.43	8.73	6.98	0.00	29.55	25	6.83	4.23	8.22	0.00	13.02
	Poli5	Public	25	1.90	4.53	0.00	0.00	15.05	25	1.20	2.81	0.00	0.00	8.22
	Poli5	Private	25	7.88	5.28	9.16	0.00	16.44	25	5.34	3.95	6.98	0.00	12.84
	Total	Public	25	7.27	8.76	3.55	0.00	23.23	25	4.19	6.26	0.00	0.00	18.46
	Total	Private	25	14.44	8.72	14.47	0.00	29.71	25	11.33	5.32	12.40	0.00	19.66
2	Mono	Public	25	31.87	16.99	24.49	0.00	59.02	25	22.56	11.26	22.02	0.00	40.91
	Mono	Private	25	45.75	10.09	44.44	16.1	70.59	25	33.77	1.87	35.29	0.00	54.55
	Di	Public	25	22.11	11.89	19.23	0.00	48.48	25	19.61	9.74	19.13	0.00	41.03
	Di	Private	25	30.68	9.64	32.43	0.00	44.92	25	25.09	8.00	26.17	0.00	39.25
	Tri	Public	25	17.04	10.40	16.02	0.00	38.83	25	12.83	7.20	13.08	0.00	25.79
	Tri	Private	25	24.87	8.43	24.77	0.00	47.55	25	17.74	4.87	17.98	0.00	26.02
	Poli4	Public	25	11.95	6.22	13.04	0.00	21.74	25	8.86	5.32	10.06	0.00	26.42
	Poli4	Private	25	19.02	6.72	17.18	0.00	36.44	25	11.97	3.91	11.76	0.00	19.89
	Poli5	Public	25	9.01	5.34	9.16	0.00	20.25	25	7.75	4.23	8.51	0.00	13.45
	Poli5	Private	25	14.03	5.34	13.74	0.00	25.61	25	8.93	3.82	9.52	0.00	13.42
	Total	Public	25	16.43	6.52	14.91	0.00	31.69	25	13.77	5.16	13.78	0.00	25.24
	Total	Private	25	23.91	5.40	22.66	16.11	39.79	25	17.54	4.31	17.73	0.00	23.03
3	Mono	Public	25	44.42	12.17	46.39	0.00	58.06	25	35.06	5.80	34.78	25.00	51.72
	Mono	Private	25	50.97	7.63	52.94	29.03	64.29	25	38.92	8.59	38.46	16.33	56.25
	Di	Public	25	35.17	10.31	37.35	0.00	47.12	25	28.32	7.30	28.26	0.00	38.79
	Di	Private	25	43.14	8.10	45.16	26.80	59.57	25	31.59	9.01	30.61	15.50	46.15
	Tri	Public	25	27.35	8.94	27.55	0.00	41.61	25	19.42	6.28	19.44	0.00	32.26
	Tri	Private	25	36.36	11.01	35.19	19.29	63.46	25	22.77	5.61	21.88	10.66	32.54
	Poli4	Public	25	22.43	7.50	22.16	0.00	37.84	25	13.88	5.77	13.71	0.00	24.74
	Poli4	Private	25	28.50	9.89	27.99	12.07	53.04	25	19.71	6.97	17.65	9.30	40.63
	Poli5	Public	25	18.06	6.37	18.18	0.00	31.37	25	10.41	3.68	11.32	0.00	14.46
	Poli5	Private	25	23.67	7.22	24.66	10.39	39.67	25	14.24	4.04	12.77	8.85	23.08
	Total	Public	25	26.59	8.05	26.50	0.00	40.45	25	18.29	5.87	18.04	0.00	28.52
	Total	Private	25	33.48	7.99	32.65	19.33	47.02	25	23.32	5.11	22.19	13.36	34.51
4	Mono	Public	25	49.04	8.65	49.18	26.79	65.45	25	36.24	7.39	37.50	14.63	48.39
	Mono	Private	25	49.86	8.31	50.70	36.59	70.59	25	39.75	6.85	40.54	19.20	49.18
	Di	Public	25	39.68	7.88	40.19	15.31	51.85	25	30.37	7.44	30.34	9.93	46.88
	Di	Private	25	42.37	6.20	44.44	28.77	52.33	25	34.14	8.24	33.46	13.64	48.28
	Tri	Public	25	31.51	8.26	30.16	15.23	51.01	25	23.10	5.61	24.22	10.78	33.96
	Tri	Private	25	36.53	8.42	38.04	15.99	50.00	25	28.73	7.46	28.27	16.12	44.78
	Poli4	Public	25	24.04	7.02	21.95	11.76	43.64	25	14.16	1.47	14.24	9.76	17.48
	Poli4	Private	25	31.54	8.10	31.58	15.17	48.24	25	18.50	5.91	17.02	8.54	33.47
	Poli5	Public	25	23.04	7.92	21.05	7.85	38.10	25	11.82	3.01	11.97	5.94	18.83
	Poli5	Private	25	27.37	6.69	27.91	12.94	36.36	25	15.68	4.68	14.94	6.82	28.57
	Total	Public	25	30.11	6.86	31.21	15.06	46.10	25	20.11	3.26	20.60	10.19	24.53
	Total	Private	25	35.46	7.38	35.51	18.76	48.85	25	25.10	5.84	25.08	13.20	39.30
5	Mono	Public	25	43.71	6.03	43.90	34.78	54.55	25	35.35	8.61	36.14	12.50	55.56
	Mono	Private	25	48.08	9.58	48.65	24.49	76.60	25	37.17	7.92	38.10	23.08	53.73
	Di	Public	25	38.96	7.19	39.13	26.50	51.89	25	29.46	7.44	28.97	17.54	47.62
	Di	Private	25	41.04	6.05	41.94	29.80	49.23	25	33.84	6.40	33.77	17.54	44.78
	Tri	Public	25	35.23	7.25	35.59	19.44	49.04	25	24.05	7.86	21.84	13.51	44.63
	Tri	Private	25	36.98	7.23	36.84	22.27	48.09	25	25.12	5.19	25.79	14.71	35.92
	Poli4	Public	25	28.71	7.81	29.90	15.57	43.64	25	16.57	4.59	15.58	10.99	27.66
	Poli4	Private	25	30.63	8.15	29.43	17.98	44.24	25	17.94	5.17	17.65	8.53	30.95
	Poli5	Public	25	24.48	7.29	25.67	13.45	40.00	25	12.66	4.10	12.37	5.66	23.68
	Poli5	Private	25	27.62	7.10	27.27	16.22	39.34	25	14.20	4.70	12.77	6.11	23.41
	Total	Public	25	32.63	6.67	33.13	21.92	44.10	25	21.31	4.55	20.49	15.25	31.86
	Total	Private	25	34.88	6.43	35.46	24.25	45.62	25	23.47	4.53	24.54	13.74	34.71

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[1] Conflict of interests:

nothing to declare.