Sensory profile of children with Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD)

Buffone, Flávia Regina Ribeiro Cavalcanti; Schochat, Eliane

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Original Article • CoDAS 34 (1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20212019282 copy

Sensory profile of children with Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To analyze the sensory profile of children with auditory sensory processing disorder according to the Child Sensory Profile 2 and to verify potential associations between central auditory processing and sensory processing.

Methods

Sixty children from two public schools in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, were evaluated. All children had their cognitive skills tested and their socioeconomic and demographic information collected. The children’s hearing, central auditory processing, and sensory processing were evaluated. SPSS Statistics version 25.0 was used for data analysis and the significant value adopted was 0.05. Descriptive analysis was performed using the central tendency method. The similarities among the test variables were measured by Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. The effect size (ES) between the groups was measured by Cohen’s d or Rosenthal’s r coefficient.

Results

The average age of children with CAPD was 8.4 years, and their families had lower levels of income and education when compared to those without the disorder. Children with CAPD present more sensory differences than their peers with normative CAP. The Child Sensory Processing 2 results didn’t show any statistic associations with central auditory processing, and the effect size was of moderate magnitude for the visual system.

Conclusion

Children with CAPD have more sensory differences than their peers according to the normative results of the Child Sensory Profile 2. An association between sensory and central auditory processing was not observed, except for the visual system.

Keywords
Auditory Perception; Sensation; Child Development; Child; Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Biological, socioeconomic, and population variables	CAPD		Normal CAP
Biological, socioeconomic, and population variables	Average	SD	Average	SD
Child’s age at assessment (years)	8.4	0.9	9.3	1
	N	%	N	%
Gender
Male	10	43.5	18	48.6
Female	13	56.5	19	51.4
Per capita income (MW)
≤ ½	19	82.6	29	78.4	OR = 1.31
≥ ½	4	17.4	8	21.6	OR = 1.31
Caregiver’s educational level
≤ Elementary level	16	69.6	19	51.3
High school or higher education	7	30.4	18	48.7	OR = 2.16

	Variable	CAP	n	Average	SD	Average	Min.	Max.	p	ES
CHILDREN’S SENSORY PROFILE 2 (CSP2)	Seeker	Normal	37	48.78	19.22	49.00	5.00	94.00	0.79^a	0.06^d
	Seeker	CAPD	23	50.04	15.81	50.00	22.00	84.00	0.79^a	0.06^d
	Avoider	Normal	37	45.84	18.30	47.00	9.00	81.00	0.68^b	0.05^r
	Avoider	CAPD	23	48.39	17.16	43.00	26.00	76.00	0.68^b	0.05^r
	Sensor	Normal	37	43.05	14.54	43.00	17.00	83.00	0.52^a	0.19^d
	Sensor	CAPD	23	45.78	18.27	51.00	18.00	76.00	0.52^a	0.19^d
	Bystander	Normal	37	41.97	19.26	40.00	7.00	98.00	0.36^a	0.25^d
	Bystander	CAPD	23	46.74	20.25	42.00	17.00	90.00	0.36^a	0.25^d
	Auditory system	Normal	37	20.00	7.74	20.00	8.00	39.00	0.62^a	0.13^d
	Auditory system	CAPD	23	21.00	7.40	21.00	10.00	33.00	0.62^a	0.13^d
	Visual system	Normal	37	14.86	5.77	15.00	6.00	29.00	0.13^a	0.44^d
	Visual system	CAPD	23	17.39	7.02	18.00	4.00	30.00	0.13^a	0.44^d
	Touch system	Normal	37	21.11	11.72	20.00	0.00	55.00	0.27^a	0.30^d
	Touch system	CAPD	23	24.57	11.75	25.00	8.00	43.00	0.27^a	0.30^d
	Movement	Normal	37	18.86	7.49	19.00	4.00	36.00	0.49^a	0.20^d
	Movement	CAPD	23	20.26	7.78	20.00	8.00	35.00	0.49^a	0.20^d
	Body position	Normal	37	13.24	6.90	14.00	0.00	28.00	0.56^b	0.07^r
	Body position	CAPD	23	15.52	8.47	12.00	7.00	35.00	0.56^b	0.07^r
	Oral sensory processing	Normal	37	23.24	9.96	22.00	0.00	45.00	0.65^a	0.12^d
	Oral sensory processing	CAPD	23	24.43	10.26	26.00	7.00	42.00	0.65^a	0.12^d
	Conduct	Normal	37	20.22	9.69	20.00	0.00	45.00	0.23^a	0.30^d
	Conduct	CAPD	23	23.17	8.68	24.00	11.00	44.00	0.23^a	0.30^d
	Socioemotional response	Normal	37	32.57	13.65	33.00	6.00	68.00	0.52^a	0.17^d
	Socioemotional response	CAPD	23	30.17	14.41	27.00	5.00	55.00	0.52^a	0.17^d
	Attention	Normal	37	26.03	9.91	29.00	10.00	45.00	0.11^b	0.20^r
	Attention	CAPD	23	32.39	15.36	31.00	12.00	90.00	0.11^b	0.20^r

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[1] Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.