Raghubar K, Cirino P, Barnes M, Ewing-Cobbs L, Fletcher J, Fuchs L(1414 Raghubar K, Cirino P, Barnes M, Ewing-Cobbs L, Fletcher J, Fuchs L. Errors in multi-digit arithmetic and behavioral inattention in children with math difficulties. J Learn Disabil. 2009;42(4):356-71. PMid:19380494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219409335211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00222194093352...
). |
2009 |
USA |
Cross-sectional |
291 third and fourth grade schoolchildren. |
9 to 10 |
Multi-digit task - behavior assessment subscale: Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD – Symptoms and Normal Behavioral Rating Scale (SWAN). |
Cutting LE, Materek A, Cole CAS, Levine TM, Mahone EM(1515 Cutting LE, Materek A, Cole CAS, Levine TM, Mahone EM. Effects of fluency, oral language, and executive function on reading comprehension performance. Ann Dyslexia. 2009;59(1):34-54. PMid:19396550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11881-009-0022-0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11881-009-002...
). |
2009 |
USA |
Cross-sectional |
56 children with suspected ADHD. |
9 to 14 |
Word recognition: Woodcock Reading Mastery Test, Revised, Normative Update (WRMT-R/NU); Word comprehension: Gray Oral Reading Test, 4th edition (GORT-4); Isolated word fluency: Test of Word Reading Efficiency - Sight Words and Phonemic Decoding (TOWRE); Receptive Vocabulary: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III); Test of Language Development - Intermediate - Grammatical Comprehension and Sentence Combining subtests (TOLD-I:3); Test of Language Competence - Expanded (TLC–E); Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition (WISC-III); Executive function measures: Tower of London (TOL). |
Kibby MY, Kroese JM, Krebbs H, Hill CE, Hynd GW(1616 Kibby MY, Kroese JM, Krebbs H, Hill CE, Hynd GW. The pars triangularis in dyslexia and ADHD: a comprehensive approach. Brain Lang. 2009;111(1):46-54. PMid:19356794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2009.03.001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2009.0...
). |
2009 |
USA |
Case Control |
10 children with Dyslexia, 15 children with ADHD, 15 children with Dyslexia and ADHD, and 10 children in the control group. |
8 to 12 |
Neuropsychological and language assessment: Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals - Revised (CELF-R); Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP); Rapid Automatized Naming test (RAN); Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition (WISC-III). Image Examination: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
Silveira DC, Passos LMA, Santos PC, Chiappetta ALML(1717 Silveira DC, Passos LMA, Santos PC, Chiappetta ALML. Avaliação da fluência verbal em crianças com transtorno da falta de atenção com hiperatividade: um estudo comparativo. Rev CEFAC. 2009;11(2):208-16.). |
2009 |
Brazil |
Case Control |
22 students with ADHD and 34 students without ADHD. |
7 to 12 |
Phonologic and semantic verbal fluency: Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM). |
Li,JJ, Cutting LE, Ryan M, Zilioli M, Denckla Mahone M(1818 Li JJ, Cutting LE, Ryan M, Zilioli M, Denckla MB, Mahone EM. Response variability in rapid automatized naming predicts reading comprehension. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2009;31(7):877-88. PMid:19221923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803390802646973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803390802646...
). |
2009 |
USA |
Case Control |
23 children with ADHD and 14 children in the control group. |
8 to 14 |
Rapid Automatized Naming test (RAN); Gray Oral Reading Test, 4th edition (GORT-IV); Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition (WISC–IV). |
Kibby MY, Pavawalla SP, Fanche JB, Naillon AJ, Hynd GW(1919 Kibby MY, Pavawalla SP, Fancher JB, Naillon AJ, Hynd GW. The relationship between cerebral hemisphere volume and receptive language functioning in dyslexia and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Neurol. 2010;24(4):438-48. PMid:19211921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073808324772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08830738083247...
). |
2010 |
USA |
Case Control |
10 children with Dyslexia, 13 children with Dyslexia and ADHD, 13 children with ADHD, and 10 children without Dyslexia or ADHD (control group). |
8 to 12 |
Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals - Revised (CELF–R); Vocabulary and Short-term Memory: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition (WISC-III); Phonological Awareness: Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP); Rapid Automatized Naming test (RAN); Academic Achievement: Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT-3) and Woodcock Reading Mastery Test, Revised (WRMT–R); Image Examination: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
Willcutt EG, Betjemann RS, McGrath LM, Chhabildas NA, Olson RK, DeFries JC et al.(2020 Willcutt EG, Betjemann RS, McGrath LM, Chhabildas NA, Olson RK, DeFries JC, et al. Etiology and neuropsychology of comorbidity between RD and ADHD: the case for multiple-deficit models. Cortex. 2010;46(10):1345-61. PMid:20828676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2010.06.009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2010....
). |
2010 |
USA |
Case Control |
457 twin pairs with ADHD and reading disability; only with ADHD; only with reading disability; control group. |
8 to 18 |
Word Reading Test (WRT); Neuropsychological Test Battery (WISC-R-1974). |
Hart SA, Petrill SA, Willcutt E, Thompson LA, Schatschneider C, Deater-Deckard K et al.(2121 Hart SA, Petrill SA, Willcutt E, Thompson LA, Schatschneider C, Deater-Deckard K, et al. Exploring how symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity are related to reading and mathematics performance: general genes, general environments. Psychol Sci. 2010;21(11):1708-15. PMid:20966487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610386617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09567976103866...
). |
2010 |
USA |
Cross-sectional |
271 twin pairs. |
10 |
Word Reading (WRMT); Mathematics Achievement (subtests of the Woodcock-Johnson III achievement test); |
Booth R, Happé F(2222 Booth R, Happé F. “Hunting with a knife and . . . fork”: examining central coherence in autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and typical development with a linguistic task. J Exp Child Psychol. 2010;107(4):377-93. PMid:20655060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.06.003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.06...
). |
2010 |
USA |
Case Control |
176 individuals (aged 8-10, 11-13, 14-16, and 17-25 years) were divided into 3 groups (children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), children with ADHD, and the control group). |
8 to 25 |
Sentence Completion Task; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). |
Okuda PMM, Pinheiro FH, Germano GD, Padula NAMR, Lourencetti MD, Santos LCA et al.(2323 Okuda PMM, Pinheiro FH, Germano GD, Padula NAMR, Lourencetti MD, Santos LCA, et al. Função motora fina, sensorial e perceptiva de escolares com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade. J Soc Bras Fonoaudiol. 2011;23(4):351-7. PMid:22231056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-64912011000400010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-64912011...
). |
2011 |
Brazil |
Case Control. |
11 schoolchildren with ADHD and 11 schoolchildren in the control group, all males. |
8 to 11 |
Evaluation of Fine Motor, Sensory and Perceptual Function; Dysgraphia Scale. |
Londoño DMM, Cifuentes VV, Lubert CD(2424 Londoño DMM, Cifuentes VV, Lubert CD. Caracterización neuropsicológica de una muestra de niños y niñas con tdah de la ciudad de Manizales. Biosalud. 2011;10(1):30-51.). |
2011 |
Colombia |
Case Control |
30 children com ADHD; 30 children in the control group. |
6 to 14 |
Intelligence Test (WISC-III); Neuropsychological Protocol (CNE Battery) |
Jacobson LA, Ryan M, Martin RB, Ewen J, Mostofsky SH, Denckla MB et al(2525 Jacobson LA, Ryan M, Martin RB, Ewen J, Mostofsky SH, Denckla MB, et al. Working Memory Influences Processing Speed and Reading Fluency in ADHD. Child Neuropsychol. 2011;17(3):209-24. PMid:21287422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2010.532204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2010....
). |
2011 |
USA |
Case Control |
41 children with ADHD and 21 children in the control group. |
9 to 14 |
Intellectual ability: General Ability Index (GAI) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV-Integrated (WISC-IV-I); Fluency in reading (GORT-IV Fluency); Silent reading fluency (WJ-III Reading Fluency); Word Reading (TOWRE); Verbal Working Memory (WISC-IV-I Digit Span Backward and WISC-IV-I Letter-Number Sequencing); Spatial working memory: The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) - SWM test and WISC-IV-I Spatial Span Backward); Auditory attention (CELF-4 Recalling Sentences and WISC-IV-I Digit Span Forward); Inhibition and Reaction Time (Simple Reaction Time and Go/No-go Tests); Rapid Automatized Naming test (RAN); |
Gooch D, Snowling M, Hulme C(2626 Gooch D, Snowling M, Hulme C. Time perception, phonological skills and executive function in children with dyslexia and/or ADHD symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011;52(2):195-203. PMid:20860755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02312.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.20...
). |
2011 |
England |
Case Control |
17 children with Dyslexia; 17 children with suspected ADHD; 25 children Dyslexia and suspected ADHD; 42 children in the control group. |
5 to 14 |
Phonological skills: Children’s Nonword Repetition task (CNRep) and Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB-C); Phonemic awareness; phonological decoding: Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE); Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT). |
Simos PG, Rezaie R, Fletcher JM, Juranek J, Passaro AD, Li Z et al.(2727 Simos PG, Rezaie R, Fletcher JM, Juranek J, Passaro AD, Li Z, et al. Functional disruption of the brain mechanism for reading: effects of comorbidity and task difficulty among children with developmental learning problems. Neuropsychology. 2011;25(4):520-34. PMid:21574715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022550...
). |
2011 |
USA |
Case Control |
50 children with reading difficulties; 20 children with ADHD and a negative history of reading difficulties; 50 children in the control group. |
7 to 13 |
Naming tasks (letter-sound and pseudowords); Neuroimaging examinations. |
Greven CU, Rijsdijk FV, Asherson P, Plomin R(2828 Greven CU, Rijsdijk FV, Asherson P, Plomin R. A longitudinal twin study on the association between ADHD symptoms and Reading. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2012;53(3):234-42. PMid:21819398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02445.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.20...
). |
2012 |
UK |
Longitudinal |
7000 twin pairs were analyzed between 7 and 8 and 11 and 12 years of age. |
|
ADHD symptoms and reading difficulties: Questionnaires to the parents. . |
Rosenberg J, Pennington BF, Willcutt EG, Olson RK(2929 Rosenberg J, Pennington BF, Willcutt EG, Olson RK. Gene by environment interactions influencing Reading Disability (RD) and the inattentive symptom dimension of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2012;53(3):243-51. PMid:21884522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02452.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.20...
). |
2012 |
USA |
Case Control |
Twins. At least one of them should meet the criteria for ADHD and reading difficulties. |
8 to 18 |
Reading skills: Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) - Word Recognition (PWR) and Timed Word Recognition (TWR) subtests; Assessment of symptoms of ADHD Rating Scale - IV (ADHDRS-IV); Reading difficulties in adults: Reading History Questionnaire (RHQ). |
Birkett EE, Talcott JB(3030 Birkett EE, Talcott JB. Interval timing in children: effects of auditory and visual pacing stimuli and relationships with reading and attention variables. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42820. PMid:22900054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...
). |
2012 |
England |
Cross-sectional |
21 children. |
8 to 10 |
Verbal and nonverbal reasoning: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WASI); Reading and spelling: Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT); Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch); Measures of motor reaction time to auditory and visual stimuli. |