Performance of adolescents in oral narrative discourse and associated factors

Araújo, Samantha Gomes; Martins-Reis, Vanessa de Oliveira; Couto, Erica de Araújo Brandão; Alves, Luciana Mendonça

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Original Article • CoDAS 34 (5) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20212021207 copy

Performance of adolescents in oral narrative discourse and associated factors

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

to characterize the performance in oral narrative discourse of adolescents from 6 to 9 years of age from an elementary school, as well as to verify the influence of gender, school year, age, performance in oral language tests, memory, and appointment of figures.

Methods

100 adolescents of both genders from the sixth to the ninth years of elementary school who did not have any language or learning disorders were evaluated for oral narrative discourse (MAC Battery), visual figure nomination (Boston Naming Test), oral language and memory (NEUPSILIN). Performance was considered as a response variable in narrative discourse (partial and complete retelling and the ability to answer questions). After univariate analysis, Multiple Linear Regression models were constructed.

Results

Only general performance in the naming task was considered as a predictor of performance in oral narrative discourse. A direct association between the variables of narrative discourse and the naming of figures was present. We show the characteristics of adolescents' performance in the partial and complete retelling and in the answers to the questions by age, school year and sex.

Conclusion

in the studied sample the participants (aged from two to seven years old) were able to understand and detail an oral narrative discourse similar to adults with a low educational level, consequently the MAC Battery narrative discourse test can be used to assess adolescents without any requirements for adaptation.

Keywords
Narrative Discourse; Adolescent; Language Tests; Language Development; Picture Naming

Variable		Frequency (n)	Prevalence (%)
Copious personal observations
yes		2	2.0
no		98	98.0
Tangential Discourse
yes		2	2.0
no		98	98.0
Failure to respect the timeline of events
yes		21	21.0
no		79	79.0
Omission of relationship markers
yes		0	0.0
no		100	100.0
Imprecise lexicon
yes		5	5.0
no		95	95.0
Inaccurate references
yes		6	6.0
no		94	94.0
Supplemented with incorrect information
yes		15	15.0
no		85	85.0
Lack of fluency
yes		1	1.0
no		99	99.0
Title given by adolescent
Title that demonstrates that the inference was made		30	30.0
Title related to the story, but not indicative of inference processing		64	64.0
Title unrelated to the story or incorrect relationship		6	6.0
Student kept the title
yes		79	79.0
no		21	21.0
Score for new title
Title that demonstrates that the inference was made.		15	15.0
Title related to the story, but not indicative of inference processing.		6	6.0
Title unrelated to the story or incorrect relationship		2	2.0
Conserved title		77	77.0
Inference made
yes		77	77.0
no		23	23.0
Time the inference was processed
0- not present		24	24.0
1- During		2	2.0
2- After the first reading		42	42.0
3- During		3	3.0
4- after the second reading		24	24.0
5- in providing the first title		0	0.0
6 – on text comprehension issues		5	5.0
7 – in the provision of the second title		0	0.0
8 – another moment		0	0.0
Variable	Total - test	Average	SD
Total essential information remembered in partial retelling	18	12.6	3.3
Total present information remembered in partial retelling	29	16.0	4.6
Total of ideas remembered in the full retelling	13	9.8	2.5
Total correct answers to questions	12	9.6	3.0

	Total essential information remembered in partial recount		Total present information remembered in partial recount		Total ideas remembered in full recount
Variable	r	p value	r	p value	r	p value
Age	0.126	0.212	0.122	0.227	0.128	0.206
Memory	0.142	0.166	0.160	0.120	0.024	0.817
working memory	0.101	0.326	0.122	0.238	-0.051	0.619
Digit ascending ordering	0.051	0.625	0.132	0.200	-0.029	0.777
Auditory span of words into sentences	0.122	0.277	0.121	0.242	-0.021	0.841
Episodic-semantic verbal memory	0.129	0.209	0.104	0.312	0.108	0.293
Immediate recall	0.072	0.485	0.030	0.771	-0.005	0.962
Late recall	0.179	0.082	0.161	0.118	0.122	0.082
Recognition	0.043	0.679	0.040	0.700	0.114	0.269
Long-term semantic memory	0.010	0.922	0.075	0.495	0.034	0.746
Short term visual memory	-0.020	0.893	0.072	0.486	-0.004	0.965
Oral language	-0.041	0.692	0.047	0.650	-0.083	0.424
Total correct answers (naming)	0.443	<0.001*	0.463	<0.001*	0.500	<0.001*

Total essential information remembered in partial retelling	r	valor p
Total correct answers with no cue	0.461	<0.001*
Total correct answers with semantic cue	-0.225	0.033*
Total incorrect answer with semantic cue	-0.400	<0.001*
Total correct answer with phonemic cue	0.068	0.204
Total incorrect answer with phonemic cue	-0.479	<0.001*
Total correct answers	0.443	<0.001*
Total present information remembered: partial recount	r	valor p
Total correct answers with no cue	0.468	<0.001*
Total correct answers with semantic cue	-0.201	0.046*
Total incorrect answer with semantic cue	-0.394	<0.001*
Total correct answer with phonemic cue	0.092	0.364
Total incorrect answer with phonemic cue	-0.502	<0.001*
Total correct answers	0.463	<0.001*
Total of remembered ideas: full recount	r	valor p
Total correct answers with no cue	0.556	<0.001*
Total correct answers with semantic cue	-0.280	0.005*
Total incorrect answer with semantic cue	-0.495	<0.001*
Total correct answer with phonemic cue	0.018	0.856
Total incorrect answer with phonemic cue	-0.559	<0.001*
Total correct answers	0.500	<0.001*

Variable		Average (SD)	p value
Gender	Female	9.4 (3.0)	0.575
Gender	Male	9.8 (2.9)	0.575
School year	6th	9.3 (3.1)	0.319
	7th	9.0 (2.9)
	8th	10.1 (3.0)
	9th	10.5 (1.4)
Ooral language	Adequate	9.6 (3.1)	0.911
Ooral language	Inappropriate	9.6 (2.7)	0.911

Variable	r	p value
Age	0.188	0.061
Memory	0.060	0.561
Working memory	0.057	0.568
Digit ascending ordering	0.072	0.485
Auditory span of words into sentences	0.064	0.537
Episodic-semantic verbal memory	0.062	0.562
Immediate recall	0.110	0.287
Late recall	0.088	0.393
Recognition	-0.057	0.582
Long-term semantic memory	-0.010	0.920
Short term visual memory	-0.034	0.742
Prospective memory	-0.108	0.294
Oral language	-0.097	0.345
Total correct answers (naming)	0.441	<0.001*

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[1] Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.