ABSTRACT
Purpose
This study aimed to correlate sleep profile and behavior in individuals with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD).
Methods
The Sleep General Habits Questionnaire, Sleep Diary, and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) were used in analysis of sleep, whereas the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) inventory was used in analysis of behavior.
Results
65.5% of the individuals with SLD presented symptoms of sleep disorders, most frequently wakefulness-sleep transition and sleep disturbance total score, which showed values higher than acceptable. In addition, individuals with SLD presented higher sleep latency than those with typical development. Concerning behavior, 72.4% of the individuals with SLD presented clinical condition of behavior problems. In the control group, none of the participants showed symptoms of sleep or behavior problems. In the SLD group, correlation was observed between behavioral problems and sleep disturbance.
Conclusion
Individuals with SLD showed high rates of sleep disturbance and behavioral problems. The worse the sleep disturbance, the worse the behavioral aspects in these individuals.
Keywords
Neurodevelopment; Behavior; Sleep; CBCL; Learning
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Caption:In A, mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of the bed and wake up times of individuals on weekdays and weekends; # means weekdays ≠ weekends; p<0.05. In B, mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of the time elapsed for individuals to initiate sleep (sleep latency); * means SLD ≠ control; p<0.05. In C, percentage of individuals in both groups who had disorders in the initiation of sleep, disorders of excessive somnolence, and night wakings; N = 29 per group
Caption: From A-K, correlations between disorder of initiating or maintaining sleep (DIMS) and behavior problems of anxiety (A); depression (B); somatic complaints (C); social problems (D); thought problems (E); attention problems (F); delinquent behavior (G); aggressive behavior (H); internalizing problems (I); externalizing problems (J); total score of behavior problems (K). From L-V, correlations between sleep breathing disorder (SBD) and behavior problems of anxiety (L); depression (M); somatic complaints (N); social problems (O); thought problems (P); attention problems (Q); delinquent behavior (R); aggressive behavior (S); internalizing problems (T); externalizing problems (U); total score of behavior problems (V); In W, correlation between disorders of arousal (DA) and anxiety; in X correlation between disorders of arousal (DA) and depression; N=29
Caption: From A-I, correlations between disorders of arousal (DA) and behavior problems of somatic complaints (A); social problems (B); thought problems (C); attention problems (D); delinquent behavior (E); aggressive behavior (F); internalizing problems (G); externalizing problems (H); total score of behavior problems (I). From J-T, correlations between sleep-wake transition disorders (SWTD) and anxiety (J); depression (K); somatic complaints (L); social problems (M); thought problems (N); attention problems (O); delinquent behavior (P); aggressive behavior (Q); internalizing problems (R); externalizing problems (S); total score of behavior problems (T). From U-X, correlations between disorders of excessive (DES) and anxiety (U); depression (V); somatic complaints (W); social problems (X); N= 29
Caption: From A-G, correlations between disorders of excessive somnolence (DES) and thought problems (A); social problems (B); attention problems (C) delinquent behavior (D); aggressive behavior (E); externalizing problems (F); internalizing problems (G). From H-R, correlations between sleep hyperhidrosis (SHY) and anxiety (H); depression (I); somatic complaints (J); social problems (K); thought problems (L); attention problems (M); delinquent behavior (N); aggressive behavior (O); internalizing problems (P); externalizing problems (Q); total score of behavior problems (R). From S-AD, correlations between sleep disturbance total score (TS) and anxiety (S); depression (T); somatic complaints (U); social problems (V); thought problems (W); attention problems (X); delinquent behavior (Y); aggressive behavior (Z); internalizing problems (AB); externalizing problems (AC); total score of behavior problems (AD); N= 29