Self-perception of voice and knowledge of vocal health and hygiene in <i>Candomblé</i> religious leaders in Brazil

Faustino, Kenya Ayo-Kianga da Silva; Moreti, Felipe; Behlau, Mara

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20242023087en

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Original Article • CoDAS 36 (4) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20242023087en copy

Self-perception of voice and knowledge of vocal health and hygiene in Candomblé religious leaders in Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To verify possible complaints, voice and aerodigestive symptoms, singing voice handicap, and knowledge of vocal health and hygiene in Candomblé religious leaders in Brazil.

Methods

The study comprised 112 individuals who filled out a questionnaire with their identification and characterization, the stratified classification of their professional activities, and their self-perception of voice. Three self-assessment protocols - VoiSS, QSHV, and MSHI - were also used.

Results

The self-assessment of voice ranged from average to good. VoiSS mean total score was 23.04, which is above the cutoff. QSHV mean score was 23.54 points, which is near the cutoff. MSHI mean score (the perception of singing voice handicap) was 25.66 points. There was a substantially strong positive correlation between VoiSS and MSHI total scores (0.789; p<0.001). Women had higher limitation scores (p=0.012) and total scores (p=0.012) in VoiSS and higher handicap scores (p=0.038) in MSHI. Level I professionals - vocal elite (singers and actors) - had significantly higher QSHV scores than those in levels IV (p=0.010) and V (p=0.008). Most respondents had not visited an otorhinolaryngologist (89.29%) within the last year and had not been submitted to speech therapy (83.04%) for voice complaints.

Conclusion

Candomblé leaders, particularly women, perceived voice symptoms and singing voice handicaps, with no relationship with their knowledge of vocal health and hygiene. Despite the complaints, most subjects reported not having visited health professionals responsible for voice care within the last year.

Keywords:
Voice; Religious Personnel; Singing; Self-Testing; Surveys and Questionnaires; Knowledge; Signs and Symptoms; Speech; Language and Hearing Sciences

Variable and categories	N	%
Race/color
White	20	17.86
Black	70	62.50
Multiracial	21	18.75
Others	1	0.89
Sex
Males	56	50.00
Females	56	50.00
Profession categorization
I	9	8.04
II	30	26.79
III	22	19.64
IV	39	34.82
V	12	10.71
Religious function in Candomblé
Ogan	20	17.86
Father leadership	28	25.00
Mother leadership	35	31.25
Egbomi	15	13.39
Ekede	14	12.50
Candomblé nation
Ketu	85	75.89
Jeje	8	7.14
Angola	7	6.25
Nago Ebga	3	2.68
Efon	2	1.79
Yoruba	3	2.68
Others	4	3.57
Sings in religious rites
Yes	112	100.00
Visited an otorhinolaryngologist for voice problems in the previous year/reason
No	100	89.29
Sore throat	6	5.36
Hoarseness	3	2.68
Voicelessness	1	0.89
Others	2	1.79
Speech-Language Pathology therapy
No	93	83.04
Yes	15	13.39
Others	4	3.57

Variables	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	Q₁	Median	Q₃
Current self-perception of voice	2.22	0.97	0.00	4.00	2.00	2.00	3.00
VoiSS
Impairment	13.15	10.86	0.00	55.00	5.00	10.00	18.00
Emotional	3.20	5.55	0.00	24.00	0.00	0.00	4.00
Physical	6.70	5.58	0.00	25.00	3.00	5.50	9.00
Total	23.04	20.21	0.00	99.00	10.00	16.00	28.75
QSHV Total	23.54	6.76	5.00	31.00	20.00	26.00	29.00
MSHI
Disability	8.80	8.10	0.00	40.00	2.00	6.50	13.00
Handicap	4.92	6.88	0.00	40.00	0.00	2.00	7.00
Impairment	11.94	10.01	0.00	40.00	3.00	10.00	19.00
Total	25.66	22.71	0.00	119.00	6.00	22.00	35.00

		VoiSS Impairment	VoiSS Emotional	VoiSS Physical	VoiSS Total	QSHV Total	MSHI Disability	MSHI Handicap	MSHI Impairment	MSHI Total
Current self-perception of voice	R	0.505	0.463	0.362	0.517	-0.025	0.485	0.305	0.459	0.488
Current self-perception of voice	p-value	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*	0.791	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
VoiSS Impairment	R		0.664	0.720	0.964	0.043	0.682	0.621	0.766	0.767
VoiSS Impairment	p-value		<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*	0.650	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
VoiSS Emotional	R			0.511	0.736	0.038	0.577	0.628	0.504	0.604
VoiSS Emotional	p-value			<0.001*	<0.001*	0.694	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
VoiSS Physical	R				0.834	0.107	0.544	0.477	0.643	0.613
VoiSS Physical	p-value				<0.001*	0.260	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
VoiSS Total	R					0.072	0.711	0.641	0.775	0.789
VoiSS Total	p-value					0.452	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
QSHV Total	R						0.013	-0.029	0.087	0.054
QSHV Total	p-value						0.895	0.764	0.362	0.575
MSHI Disability	R							0.662	0.794	0.937
MSHI Disability	p-value							<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
MSHI Handicap	R								0.605	0.752
MSHI Handicap	p-value								<0.001*	<0.001*
MSHI Impairment	R									0.929
MSHI Impairment	p-value									<0.001*

Variable	Sex	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	Q₁	Median	Q₃	p-value
Current self-perception of voice	Males	2.13	0.95	0.00	4.00	2.00	2.00	3.00	0.330
Current self-perception of voice	Females	2.32	0.99	0.00	4.00	2.00	2.00	3.00	0.330
VoiSS
Impairment	Males	11.09	10.30	0.00	45.00	4.00	8.50	14.00	0.012*
Impairment	Females	15.21	11.10	1.00	55.00	7.00	13.00	19.75	0.012*
Emotional	Males	2.91	5.74	0.00	24.00	0.00	0.00	2.75	0.137
Emotional	Females	3.48	5.38	0.00	22.00	0.00	1.00	4.75	0.137
Physical	Males	5.73	5.22	0.00	21.00	1.25	5.00	8.00	0.052
Physical	Females	7.66	5.81	0.00	25.00	3.25	6.00	10.75	0.052
Total	Males	19.73	19.80	0.00	90.00	7.00	12.00	26.00	0.012*
Total	Females	26.36	20.24	2.00	99.00	12.25	22.50	31.50	0.012*
QSHV Total	Males	23.82	6.46	9.00	31.00	19.50	26.00	29.00	0.659
QSHV Total	Females	23.25	7.10	5.00	30.00	20.00	26.00	29.00	0.659
MSHI
Disability	Males	8.02	7.65	0.00	28.00	2.00	5.50	12.75	0.233
Disability	Females	9.59	8.53	0.00	40.00	4.00	7.00	13.00	0.233
Handicap	Males	4.21	6.43	0.00	26.00	0.00	1.00	7.00	0.038*
Handicap	Females	5.63	7.30	0.00	40.00	1.00	3.00	7.00	0.038*
Impairment	Males	10.18	9.61	0.00	40.00	2.00	8.50	17.00	0.053
Impairment	Females	13.70	10.17	0.00	39.00	6.25	12.50	20.00	0.053
Total	Males	22.41	21.47	0.00	89.00	5.00	16.00	31.75	0.093
Total	Females	28.91	23.62	0.00	119.00	13.00	25.50	40.00	0.093

Variable	Profession categorization	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	Q₁	Median	Q₃	p-value	Pairwise
Current self-perception of voice	I	2.22	1.39	0.00	4.00	1.00	2.00	3.50	0.860
	II	2.33	0.88	0.00	4.00	2.00	2.00	3.00
	III	2.09	0.81	1.00	4.00	1.75	2.00	3.00
	IV	2.26	0.99	0.00	4.00	2.00	2.00	3.00
	V	2.08	1.16	0.00	4.00	1.00	2.00	3.00
VoiSS
Impairment	I	12.78	10.63	2.00	36.00	5.50	9.00	18.50	0.874
	II	11.77	8.08	1.00	32.00	5.00	11.00	16.50
	III	11.64	8.74	0.00	35.00	4.00	11.00	17.25
	IV	15.74	13.68	0.00	55.00	4.00	10.00	23.00
	V	11.25	10.25	2.00	34.00	5.00	7.00	12.75
Emotional	I	5.11	6.43	0.00	19.00	0.50	2.00	9.00	0.410
	II	2.53	4.76	0.00	22.00	0.00	0.00	3.25
	III	3.09	4.40	0.00	16.00	0.00	0.50	6.00
	IV	3.56	6.47	0.00	24.00	0.00	0.00	4.00
	V	2.42	5.81	0.00	20.00	0.00	0.00	1.75
Physical	I	6.78	7.50	1.00	25.00	2.00	3.00	9.00	0.554
	II	6.53	3.79	0.00	13.00	4.00	6.00	10.00
	III	5.82	5.07	0.00	20.00	1.00	5.00	8.25
	IV	7.90	6.79	0.00	22.00	2.00	6.00	13.00
	V	4.75	4.05	0.00	15.00	2.25	3.50	6.00
Total	I	24.67	24.17	5.00	80.00	8.50	13.00	36.50	0.870
	II	20.83	14.00	1.00	51.00	10.75	16.00	28.50
	III	20.55	16.10	0.00	71.00	8.50	19.50	26.25
	IV	27.21	25.59	0.00	99.00	10.00	16.00	42.00
	V	18.42	17.57	4.00	63.00	6.75	12.00	25.25
QSHV total	I	28.78	1.92	24.00	30.00	28.50	29.00	30.00	0.008*	I > IV (p=0.010) = V (p=0.008)
	II	24.57	6.22	8.00	31.00	24.50	26.50	29.00
	III	24.27	4.91	12.00	30.00	21.25	25.50	28.00
	IV	22.31	7.42	5.00	31.00	16.00	26.00	28.00
	V	19.67	8.54	6.00	29.00	10.75	20.50	29.00
MSHI
Disability	I	7.78	7.31	1.00	19.00	1.00	6.00	15.00	0.946
	II	7.97	6.96	0.00	23.00	3.75	5.50	11.25
	III	8.00	7.42	0.00	2.00	3.00	0.00	0.00
	IV	9.97	9.32	0.00	40.00	2.00	7.00	15.00
	V	9.33	9.05	0.00	28.00	1.50	6.50	16.75
Handicap	I	6.11	6.62	0.00	17.00	0.50	3.00	13.00	0.847
	II	4.03	6.18	0.00	26.00	0.00	2.00	4.00
	III	3.82	4.54	0.00	16.00	0.00	2.50	7.00
	IV	6.08	8.25	0.00	40.00	0.00	3.00	8.00
	V	4.50	7.78	0.00	28.00	0.25	2.00	6.00
Impairment	I	11.67	8.77	1.00	24.00	3.00	10.00	20.00	0.953
	II	12.37	9.12	0.00	40.00	6.50	11.00	19.25
	III	10.45	9.01	0.00	37.00	2.50	10.50	14.25
	IV	12.23	10.65	0.00	39.00	2.00	11.00	20.00
	V	12.83	13.50	0.00	36.00	1.25	8.00	26.00
Total	I	25.56	22.07	3.00	59.00	5.00	26.00	48.50	0.964
	II	24.37	20.24	0.00	589.00	12.50	21.00	33.00
	III	22.27	19.49	0.00	82.00	5.50	21.50	32.25
	IV	28.28	25.83	0.00	119.00	6.00	24.00	45.00
	V	26.67	26.17	1.00	90.00	5.75	18.50	44.75

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[1] Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.