1
|
Schaette et al.(33 Schaette R, McAlpine D. Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: physiological evidence for hidden hearing loss and computational model. J Neurosci. 2011;31(38):13452-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2156-11.2011. PMid:21940438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2156...
) -2011 |
Control case |
● HHL |
“Deafferentiation after noise damage predominantly affects high-threshold NA fibers, while a sufficient number of low-threshold fibers remain responsive to sound.” |
● Tinnitus |
2
|
Mehraei et al.(2727 Mehraei G, Hickox AE, Bharadwaj HM, Goldberg H, Verhulst S, Liberman MC, et al. Auditory brainstem response latency in noise as a marker of cochlear synaptopathy. J Neurosci. 2016;36(13):3755-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4460-15.2016. PMid:27030760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4460...
) -2016 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“Loss of synapses and cochlear nerve terminals that innervate the IHCs.” |
● Healthy |
3
|
Bramhall et al.(1919 Bramhall NF, Konrad-Martin D, McMillan GP, Griest SE. Auditory brainstem response altered in humans with noise exposure despite normal outer hair cell function. Ear Hear. 2017;38(1):e1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000370. PMid:27992391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000...
) -2017 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Partial loss of IHC synapses of auditory nerve fibers.” |
● Noise exposure |
4
|
Prendergast et al.(2828 Prendergast G, Millman RE, Guest H, Munro KJ, Kluk K, Dewey RS, et al. Effects of noise exposure on young adults with normal audiograms II: behavioral measures. Hear Res. 2017;356:74-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2017.10.007. PMid:29126651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2017....
) -2017 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“CS promoted by exposure to noise (often referred to as “HHL”) was demonstrated in a mouse by Kujawa and Liberman (2009).” |
● Noise exposure |
5
|
Grin et al.(2929 Grinn SK, Wiseman KB, Baker JA, Le Prell CG. Hidden hearing loss? No effect of common recreational noise exposure on cochlear nerve response amplitude in humans. Front Neurosci. 2017;11:465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00465. PMid:28919848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.004...
) -2017 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“A synaptopathic lesion that affects the FMTE, which have higher response thresholds and are responsible for encoding higher-intensity sounds.” |
● Noise exposure |
6
|
Paul et al.(2121 Paul BT, Bruce IC, Roberts LE. Evidence that hidden hearing loss underlies amplitude modulation encoding deficits in individuals with and without tinnitus. Hear Res. 2017;344:170-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2016.11.010. PMid:27888040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2016....
) -2017 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“AN fiber damage that does not alter auditory thresholds.” |
● Tinnitus |
7
|
Wojtczak et al.(3030 Wojtczak M, Beim JA, Oxenham AJ. Weak middle-ear-muscle reflex in humans with noise-induced tinnitus and normal hearing may reflect cochlear synaptopathy. eNeuro. 2017;4(6):ENEURO.0363-17.2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0363-17.2017. PMid:29181442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0363-17...
) -2017 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Diffuse and permanent loss between IHC and AN synaptic connections after exposure to high-intensity noise, without measurable permanent changes in cochlear function or auditory sensitivity.” |
● Tinnitus |
8
|
Shim et al.(3131 Shim HJ, An YH, Kim DH, Yoon JE, Yoon JH. Comparisons of auditory brainstem response and sound level tolerance in tinnitus ears and non-tinnitus ears in unilateral tinnitus patients with normal audiograms. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0189157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189157. PMid:29253030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...
) -2017 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - cause/symptom |
“”HHL” is characterized as damage to the AS that is not sufficient to produce a threshold shift,the AS partially recovers as thresholds are restored, despite residual physical damage. Selective loss of high-threshold AN or CS fibers may occur without auditory threshold switching due to intact low-threshold fibers.” |
● Tinnitus |
9
|
Paul et al.(2222 Paul BT, Waheed S, Bruce IC, Roberts LE. Subcortical amplitude modulation encoding deficits suggest evidence of cochlear synaptopathy in normal-hearing 18-19 year olds with higher lifetime noise exposure. J Acoust Soc Am. 2017;142(5):EL434-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5009603. PMid:29195459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5009603...
) -2017 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Damage of the cochlear synapses necessary for supraliminal abilities, even when the cochlear structures necessary for threshold hearing remain unaffected.” |
● Noise exposure |
10
|
Grose et al.(44 Grose JH, Buss E, Hall JW 3rd. Loud music exposure and cochlear synaptopathy in young adults: isolated auditory brainstem response effects but no perceptual consequences. Trends Hear. 2017;21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216517737417. PMid:29105620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165177374...
) -2017 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Suprathreshold deficits in the presence of hearing thresholds within normal limits. In which there is synaptic disruption between the IHC and primary auditory neurons.” |
● Noise exposure |
11
|
Guest et al.(55 Guest H, Munro KJ, Prendergast G, Howe S, Plack CJ. Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: relation to noise exposure but no evidence for cochlear synaptopathy. Hear Res. 2017;344:265-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2016.12.002. PMid:27964937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2016....
), -2017 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Preferential loss of AN fibers with low spontaneous firing rate and high threshold.” |
● Tinnitus |
12
|
Prendergast et al.(3232 Prendergast G, Guest H, Munro KJ, Kluk K, Léger A, Hall DA, et al. Effects of noise exposure on young adults with normal audiograms I: electrophysiology. Hear Res. 2017;344:68-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2016.10.028. PMid:27816499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2016....
) -2017 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Loss of synapses between IHC and AN fibers.” |
● Noise exposure |
13
|
Valderrama et al.(3333 Valderrama JT, Beach EF, Yeend I, Sharma M, Van Dun B, Dillon H. Effects of lifetime noise exposure on the middle-age human auditory brainstem response, tinnitus and speech-in-noise intelligibility. Hear Res. 2018;365:36-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2018.06.003. PMid:29913342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2018....
) -2018 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“Theory known as “HHL”, in which CS in humans is the hypothesis to explain speech intelligibility deficits in the presence of normal audiogram.” |
● Noise exposure |
14
|
Guest et al.(3434 Guest H, Munro KJ, Prendergast G, Millman RE, Plack CJ. Impaired speech perception in noise with a normal audiogram: no evidence for cochlear synaptopathy and no relation to lifetime noise exposure. Hear Res. 2018;364:142-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.008. PMid:29680183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2018....
) -2018 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Loss of synapses between the IHC and the AN fibers, which can occur without cell loss or permanent threshold elevation.” |
● Speech comprehension difficulty |
15
|
Bramhall et al.(66 Bramhall NF, Konrad-Martin D, McMillan GP. Tinnitus and auditory perception after a history of noise exposure: relationship to auditory brainstem response measures. Ear Hear. 2018;39(5):881-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000544. PMid:29337762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000...
) -2018 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Selective damage to the afferent auditory nerve synapses in the IHC, with auditory thresholds within normal limits.” |
● Noise exposure |
16
|
Guest et al.(3535 Guest H, Munro KJ, Plack CJ. Acoustic middle-ear-muscle-reflex thresholds in humans with normal audiograms: no relations to tinnitus, speech perception in noise, or noise exposure. Neuroscience. 2019;407:75-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.019. PMid:30579832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience...
) -2019 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Loss of synapses between IHC and AN fibers.” |
● Tinnitus |
17
|
Ridley et al.(3636 Ridley CL, Kopun JG, Neely ST, Gorga MP, Rasetshwane DM. Using thresholds in noise to identify hidden hearing loss in humans. Ear Hear. 2018;39(5):829-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000543. PMid:29337760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000...
) -2019 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - cause/symptom |
“Damage AN's FBTE and FMTE, which are involved in processing moderate to loud sounds, and are more resistant to masking by background noise. A possible cause for HHL is CS.” |
● SNHL |
18
|
Grose et al.(1212 Grose JH, Buss E, Elmore H. Age-related changes in the auditory brainstem response and suprathreshold processing of temporal and spectral modulation. Trends Hear. 2019;23:2331216519839615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216519839615. PMid:30977442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165198396...
) -2019 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Permanent damage to the synapses between the IHC and the AN fibers, insufficient to result in a permanent elevation of auditory thresholds.” |
● Aging |
19
|
Bhatt & Wang(3737 Bhatt IS, Wang J. Evaluation of dichotic listening performance in normal-hearing, noise-exposed young females. Hear Res. 2019;380:10-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2019.05.008. PMid:31167151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2019....
) -2019 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Irreversible damage to the synaptic connections between the IHC and AN. This noise-induced CS cannot be detected by assessing hearing thresholds because noise exposure does not always cause IHC or EHC loss.” |
● Noise exposure |
20
|
Johannesen et al.(3838 Johannesen PT, Buzo BC, Lopez-Poveda EA. Evidence for age-related cochlear synaptopathy in humans unconnected to speech-in-noise intelligibility deficits. Hear Res. 2019;374:35-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2019.01.017. PMid:30710791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2019....
) -2019 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Animal studies have shown that the number of AN fibers decreases with increasing age in healthy cochleae. Some authors speculate that CS and/or deafferentation may be responsible for difficulties in understanding speech in the elderly.” |
● Healthy |
21
|
Risato-Lago et al.(3939 Rissatto-Lago MR, Cruz Fernandes L, Lyra IM, Terse-Ramos R, Teixeira R, Salles C, et al. Hidden hearing loss in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;116:186-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.10.042. PMid:30554696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2018....
) -2019 |
Control case |
● HHL |
“Condition in which AS damage does not produce threshold change or there is partial recovery as thresholds are restored to original levels despite residual physical damage.” |
● Sickle cell anemia |
22
|
Guest et al.(1818 Guest H, Munro KJ, Prendergast G, Plack CJ. Reliability and interrelations of seven proxy measures of cochlear synaptopathy. Hear Res. 2019;375:34-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2019.01.018. PMid:30765219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2019....
) -2019 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Loss of synapses between cochlear IHC and AN fibers, without generalized loss of hair cells.” |
● Healthy |
23
|
Prendergast et al.(4040 Prendergast G, Couth S, Millman RE, Guest H, Kluk K, Munro KJ, et al. Effects of age and noise exposure on proxy measures of cochlear synaptopathy. Trends Hear. 2019;23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216519877301. PMid:31558119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165198773...
) -2019 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Kujawa and Liberman(11 Kujawa SG, Liberman MC. Adding insult to injury: cochlear nerve degeneration after “temporary” noise-induced hearing loss. J Neurosci. 2009;29(45):14077-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2845-09.2009. PMid:19906956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2845...
) described the phenomenon now known as CS (…) loss of synapses with unchanged absolute thresholds, but associated with a reduction in Wave I..” |
● Noise exposure |
24
|
Megha et al.(4141 Megha KN, Divyashree KN, Lakshmi A, Adithya S, Keerthana KP, Pushpalatha ZV, et al. Narrow-band chirp and tone burst auditory brainstem response as an early indicator of synaptopathy in industrial workers exposed to occupational noise. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2019;8(3):179-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5582/irdr.2019.01073. PMid:31523595. http://dx.doi.org/10.5582/irdr.2019.0107...
) -2019 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“Temporary change in the threshold, with damage to the connections between the fibers of the AN and the IHC of the cochlea, causing CS. This type of damage to the synapse, which does not permanently raise the threshold, is called HHL.” |
● Noise exposure |
25
|
Keshishzadeh et al.(4242 Keshishzadeh S, Garrett M, Vasilkov V, Verhulst S. The derived-band envelope following response and its sensitivity to sensorineural hearing deficits. Hear Res. 2020;392:107979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020.107979. PMid:32447097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020....
) -2020 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Irreversible loss of AN synapses and degeneration of cochlear neurons, without damage to cochlear sensory hair cells.” |
● Speech comprehension difficulty |
26
|
Mepani et al.(4343 Mepani AM, Kirk SA, Hancock KE, Bennett K, de Gruttola V, Liberman MC, et al. Middle ear muscle reflex and word recognition in “normal-hearing” adults: evidence for cochlear synaptopathy? Ear Hear. 2020;41(1):25-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000804. PMid:31584501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000...
) -2020 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“It is “hidden” because neural degeneration per se does not raise behavioral thresholds or electrophysiological thresholds until it becomes extreme.” |
● Healthy |
27
|
Couth et al.(4444 Couth S, Prendergast G, Guest H, Munro KJ, Moore DR, Plack CJ, et al. Investigating the effects of noise exposure on self-report, behavioral and electrophysiological indices of hearing damage in musicians with normal audiometric thresholds. Hear Res. 2020;395:108021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020.108021. PMid:32631495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020....
) -2020 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“Loss of synapses between IHC and spiral ganglion neurons.” |
● Noise exposure |
28
|
Parker et al.(1010 Parker MA. Identifying three otopathologies in humans. Hear Res. 2020;398:108079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020.108079. PMid:33011456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020....
) -2020 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS and HHL - cause/symptom |
“Loss of the synaptic connection between the IHC and the AN fibers, impairing the ability to understand in adverse listening situations.” |
● Healthy |
29
|
Grant et al.(99 Grant KJ, Mepani AM, Wu P, Hancock KE, de Gruttola V, Liberman MC, et al. Electrophysiological markers of cochlear function correlate with hearing-in-noise performance among audiometrically normal subjects. J Neurophysiol. 2020;124(2):418-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00016.2020. PMid:32639924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00016.2020...
) -2020 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Damage of synapses between cochlear and IHC nerve fibers even as hair cells and thresholds recover.” |
● Healthy |
30
|
Kara et al.(4545 Kara E, Aydın K, Akbulut AA, Karakol SN, Durmaz S, Yener HM, et al. Assessment of hidden hearing loss in normal hearing individuals with and without tinnitus. J Int Adv Otol. 2020;16(1):87-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/iao.2020.7062. PMid:32209515. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/iao.2020.7062...
) -2020 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“Loss of IHC synapses without any evidence of increased auditory thresholds.” |
● Tinnitus |
31
|
Bramhall et al.(88 Bramhall NF, Niemczak CE, Kampel SD, Billings CJ, McMillan GP. Evoked potentials reveal noise exposure-related central auditory changes despite normal audiograms. Am J Audiol. 2020;29(2):152-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_AJA-19-00060. PMid:32182128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_AJA-19-00...
) -2020 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Loss of synaptic connections between the IHC and their auditory afferent nerve fiber targets.” |
● Tinnitus and noise exposure |
32
|
Shehorn et al.(4646 Shehorn J, Strelcyk O, Zahorik P. Associations between speech recognition at high levels, the middle ear muscle reflex and noise exposure in individuals with normal audiograms. Hear Res. 2020;392:107982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020.107982. PMid:32454368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020....
) -2020 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Loss of connections between the IHC and the auditory nerve fibers, in the absence of permanent threshold change.” |
● Speech comprehension difficulty |
33
|
Okada et al.(4747 Okada M, Welling DB, Liberman MC, Maison SF. Chronic conductive hearing loss is associated with speech intelligibility deficits in patients with normal bone conduction thresholds. Ear Hear. 2020;41(3):500-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000787. PMid:31490800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000...
), -2020 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Reduced cochlear efferent innervation and a loss of afferent synapses between the AN and sensory cells.” |
● CHL |
34
|
Washnik et al.(4848 Washnik NJ, Bhatt IS, Phillips SL, Tucker D, Richter S. Evaluation of cochlear activity in normal-hearing musicians. Hear Res. 2020;395:108027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020.108027. PMid:32659614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020....
) -2020 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“Irreversible damage to the synaptic connections between the cochlear IHC and the NA fibers. This type of peripheral hearing loss can lead to impaired speech perception and has been called “HHL”. |
● Noise exposure |
35
|
Carcagno & Plack(4949 Carcagno S, Plack CJ. Effects of age on electrophysiological measures of cochlear synaptopathy in humans. Hear Res. 2020;396:108068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020.108068. PMid:32979760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020....
) -2020 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Permanent loss of synapses between IHC and AN fibers.” |
● Aging |
36
|
Marmel et al.(5050 Marmel F, Cortese D, Kluk K. The ongoing search for cochlear synaptopathy in humans: masked thresholds for brief tones in Threshold Equalizing Noise. Hear Res. 2020;392:107960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020.107960. PMid:32334105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020....
) -2020 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“Subclinical auditory pathology that could explain some hearing difficulties observed despite (almost) normal audiometric thresholds.” |
● Tinnitus |
37
|
Carcagno & Plack(5151 Carcagno S, Plack CJ. Effects of age on psychophysical measures of auditory temporal processing and speech reception at low and high levels. Hear Res. 2021;400:108117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020.108117. PMid:33253994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020....
) -2021 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Permanent loss of synapses between IHC and AN fibers.” |
● Aging |
38
|
Shim et al.(5252 Shim HJ, Cho YT, Oh HS, An YH, Kim DH, Kang YS. Within-subject comparisons of the auditory brainstem response and uncomfortable loudness levels in ears with and without tinnitus in unilateral tinnitus subjects with normal audiograms. Otol Neurotol. 2021;42(1):10-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002867. PMid:33177407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000...
) -2021 |
Control case |
● CS |
“The selective loss of high-threshold fibers and/or high-threshold synaptopathy.” |
● Unilateral tinnitus |
39
|
Bal et al.(1111 Bal N, Derinsu U. The possibility of cochlear synaptopathy in young people using a personal listening device. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2021;48(6):1092-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2021.03.015. PMid:33824035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2021.03....
) -2021 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“Damage to cochlear nerve fibers, especially in the FBTE, with disruption of synaptic communication between the sensory IHC and cochlear nerve fiber subsets.” |
● Noise exposure |
40
|
Suresh et al.(2020 Suresh CH, Krishnan A. Search for electrophysiological indices of hidden hearing loss in humans: click auditory brainstem response across sound levels and in background noise. Ear Hear. 2021;42(1):53-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000905. PMid:32675590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000...
) -2021 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - cause/symptom |
“Reduction in the number of synaptic strands between the IHC and the AN fibers without affecting the audiometric thresholds.” |
● Noise exposure |
41
|
Nam et al.(5353 Nam GS, Kim JY, Hong SA, Kim SG, Son EJ. Limitation of conventional audiometry in identifying hidden hearing loss in acute noise exposure. Yonsei Med J. 2021;62(7):615-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2021.62.7.615. PMid:34164959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2021.62.7....
) -2021 |
Control case |
● CS and HHL - synonyms
|
“When synapses are damaged, nerve fibers subsequently degenerate.” |
● Noise exposure |
42
|
Megha et al.(1313 Megha KN, Kappadi S, Kaverappa GM, Konadath S. Effects of aging versus noise exposure on auditory system in individuals with normal audiometric thresholds. J Int Adv Otol. 2021;17(4):335-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/iao.2021.8789. PMid:34309555. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/iao.2021.8789...
) -2021 |
Control case |
● SC and HHL - synonyms
|
“Loss of synapses and cochlear nerve endings that innervate the IHC.” |
● Noise exposure and aging |
43
|
Wang et al.(77 Wang Q, Yang L, Qian M, Hong Y, Wang X, Huang Z, et al. Acute recreational noise-induced cochlear synaptic dysfunction in humans with normal hearing: a prospective cohort study. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:659011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.659011. PMid:33897366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.659...
) -2021 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Permanent dysfunction at the junctions between the IHC and the AN fibers caused by low-grade trauma to the inner ear, typically associated with noise exposure, insufficient for permanent elevation of thresholds.” |
● Noise exposure |
44
|
Vasilkov et al.(5454 Vasilkov V, Garrett M, Mauermann M, Verhulst S. Enhancing the sensitivity of the envelope-following response for cochlear synaptopathy screening in humans: the role of stimulus envelope. Hear Res. 2021;400:108132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020.108132. PMid:33333426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2020....
) -2021 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Degeneration of the synaptic terminals of spiral ganglion cells, which precedes IHC damage in the aging process.” |
● Aging |
45
|
Bramhall et al.(2323 Bramhall NF, McMillan GP, Kampel SD. Envelope following response measurements in young veterans are consistent with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy. Hear Res. 2021;408:108310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2021.108310. PMid:34293505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2021....
) -2021 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Loss of connection between the IHI and their afferent AN fiber targets.” |
● Noise exposure |
46
|
Chen et al.(5555 Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhou R, Zhong Z, Wei C, et al. Cochlear synaptopathy: a primary factor affecting speech recognition performance in presbycusis. BioMed Res Int. 2021;2021:6667531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6667531. PMid:34409106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6667531...
) -2021 |
Cross-sectional observational |
● CS |
“Affects the connection between the IHCs, with dysfunction in the FBTE, reducing the ability to perceive speech in a noisy environment.” |
● Aging |
47
|
Edvall et al.(5656 Edvall NK, Mehraei G, Claeson M, Lazar A, Bulla J, Leineweber C, et al. Alterations in auditory brain stem response distinguish occasional and constant tinnitus. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(5):e155094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI155094. PMid:35077399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI155094...
) -2022 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Loss of synaptic connection between the IHC and the afferent fibers of the AN.” |
● Tinnitus |
48
|
Turner et al.(5757 Turner K, Moshtaghi O, Saez N, Richardson M, Djalilian H, Zeng FG, et al. Auditory brainstem response wave i amplitude has limited clinical utility in diagnosing tinnitus in humans. Brain Sci. 2022;12(2):142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020142. PMid:35203907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci120201...
) -2022 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Synaptic change between the IHC and the auditory nerve fibers.” |
● Tinnitus |
49
|
Bramhall et al.(2424 Bramhall NF, Reavis KM, Feeney MP, Kampel SD. The impacts of noise exposure on the middle ear muscle reflex in a veteran population. Am J Audiol. 2022;31(1):126-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJA-21-00133. PMid:35050699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJA-21-00...
) -2022 |
Control case |
● CS |
“Loss of synapses between the IHC and afferent auditory nerve fibers.” |
● Noise exposure |