Auditory maturation and psychological risk in the first year of life

Rechia, Inaê Costa; Fattore, Isabela de Moraes; Moraes, Anaelena Bragança de; Biaggio, Eliara Pinto Vieira; Souza, Ana Paula Ramos de

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20182017142

Brasil

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Original Article • CoDAS 30 (4) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20182017142 linkcopy

Auditory maturation and psychological risk in the first year of life

Maturação auditiva e risco psíquico no primeiro ano de vida

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose To assess the potential association between psychological risk and limited auditory pathway maturation.

Methods In this longitudinal cohort study, 54 infants (31 non-risk and 23 at-risk) were assessed from age 1 to 12 months. All had normal hearing and underwent assessment of auditory maturation through cortical auditory evoked potentials testing. Psychological risk was assessed with the Child Development Risk Indicators (CDRIs) and PREAUT signs. A variety of statistical methods were used for analysis of results.

Results Analysis of P1 and N1 latencies showed that responses were similar in the both groups. Statistically significant differences between-groups were observed only for the variables N1 latency and amplitude at 1 month. Significant maturation occurred in both groups (p<0.05). There was moderate correlation between P1 latency and Phase II CDRIs, which demonstrates that children with longer latencies at age 12 months were more likely to exhibit absence of these indicators in Phase II and, therefore, were at greater psychological risk. The Phase II CDRIs also correlated moderately with P1 and N1 latencies at 6 months and N1 latencies at 1 month; again, children with longer latency were at increased risk.

Conclusion Less auditory pathway maturation correlated with presence of psychological risk. Problems in the mother-infant relationship during the first 6 months of life are detrimental not only to cognitive development, but also to hearing. A fragile relationship may reflect decreased auditory and linguistic stimulation.

Keywords Auditory Perception; Child; Risk Indicators; Evoked Potentials; Maturation

Variable	Study group (n=23)	Control group (n=31)	p-value
Variable	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p-value
P1 latency (ms), month 1
RE	228.4 ± 33.0	213.1 ± 53.2	0.404
LE	229.8 ± 37.4	207.4 ± 53.2	0.165
N1 latency (ms), month 1
RE	394.4 ± 73.6	357.7 ± 70.5	0.100
LE	407.2 ± 74.0	358.6 ± 75.0	0.044^* * p≤0.050
P1–N1 amplitude (mV), month 1
RE	8.7 ± 6.0	6.0 ± 3.5	0.022^* * p≤0.050
LE	8.2 ± 4.0	6.5 ± 4.6	0.057
P1 latency (ms), month 6
RE	147.2 ± 51.0	137.7 ± 34.6	0.384
LE	146.8 ± 51.1	142.0 ± 33.7	0.801
N1 latency (ms), month 6
RE	247.8 ± 67.4	235.5 ± 44.9	0.660
LE	253.1 ± 69.9	232.1 ± 41.8	0.209
P1–N1 amplitude (mV), month 6
RE	11.8 ± 10.2	9.8 ± 8.5	0.840
LE	14.1 ± 13.7	12.8 ± 10.7	0.618
P1 latency (ms), month 12
RE	110.8 ± 25.1	106.1 ± 22.2	0.706
LE	108.2 ± 25.3	108.1 ± 19.1	0.914
N1 latency (ms), month 12
RE	184.5 ± 39.8	180.2 ± 39.0	0.753
LE	181.3 ± 37.8	179.7 ± 38.3	0.900
P1–N1 amplitude (mV), month 12
RE	8.1 ± 6.8	7.9 ± 7.1	0.706
LE	9.5 ± 7.2	7.5 ± 5.5	0.177

	Study group (n=23)	p-value	Control group (n=31)	p-value
	Mean ± SD	p-value	Mean ± SD	p-value
1 to 6 months
P1 latency (ms)	86.0 ± 73.1	<0.001^* * p<0.050	99.9 ± 44.2	<0.001^* * p<0.050
N1 latency (ms)	153.7 ± 95.7	<0.001^* * p<0.050	163.0 ± 91.1	<0.001^* * p<0.050
6 to 12 months
P1 latency (ms)	41.9 ± 49.4	<0.001^* * p<0.050	30.2 ± 23.8	<0.001^* * p<0.050
N1 latency (ms)	61.6 ± 66.5	0.004^* * p<0.050	66.6 ± 50.1	<0.001^* * p<0.050
1 to 12 months
P1 latency (ms)	107.9 ± 56.1	<0.001^* * p<0.050	112.6 ± 37.7	<0.001^* * p<0.050
N1 latency (ms)	186.3 ± 68.5	<0.001^* * p<0.050	177.5 ± 82.2	<0.001^* * p<0.050

	Study group (n=23)		Control group (n=31)
	R	p-value	R	p-value
1 month
P1 × CDRIs, Phase I	-0.009326	0.973684	0.149646	0.429950
P1 × CDRIs, Phase II	0.084221	0.765385	-	-
P1 × CDRIs, Phase III	0.174611	0.533673	0.079339	0.676862
P1 × CDRIs, Phase IV	0.071340	0.800538	-0.225369	0.231141
P1 × PREAUT, 4 months	0.240186	0.388544	-0.192998	0.306864
P1 × PREAUT, 9 months	0.159397	0.570420	-0.010732	0.955115
N1 × CDRIs, Phase I	0.002793	0.992118	-0.037688	0.843261
N1 × CDRIs, Phase II	-0.466294	0.049770	-	-
N1 × CDRIs, Phase III	-0.298091	0.280536	0.067982	0.721134
N1 × CDRIs, Phase IV	0.101076	0.720027	-0.053641	0.778308
N1 × PREAUT, 4 months	0.078655	0.780526	-0.107229	0.572758
N1 × PREAUT, 9 months	0.098689	0.726399	-0.311120	0.094231
6 months
P1 × CDRIs, Phase I	0.183385	0.402269	0.186909	0.314027
P1 × CDRIs, Phase II	-0.467000	0.024664^* * p<0.050	-	-
P1 × CDRIs, Phase III	0.006837	0.975300	0.093212	0.617962
P1 × CDRIs, Phase IV	-0.062294	0.777665	0.132761	0.476485
P1 × PREAUT, 4 months	0.305451	0.156385	-0.027274	0.884204
P1 × PREAUT, 9 months	0.030587	0.889811	0.040850	0.827285
N1 × CDRIs, Phase I	0.290896	0.178101	0.251532	0.172258
N1 × CDRIs, Phase II	-0.490541	0.017477^* * p<0.050	-	-
N1 × CDRIs, Phase III	-0.045400	0.837032	0.073596	0.693981
N1 × CDRIs, Phase IV	-0.268014	0.216293	0.122561	0.511289
N1 × PREAUT, 4 months	0.290255	0.179102	0.055519	0.766739
N1 × PREAUT, 9 months	0.106056	0.630074	0.204268	0.270351
12 months
P1 × CDRIs, Phase I	0.189956	0.385318	0.352093	0.052073
P1 × CDRIs, Phase II	-0.475565	0.021817^* * p<0.050	-	-
P1 × CDRIs, Phase III	0.170785	0.435903	-0.068731	0.713331
P1 × CDRIs, Phase IV	0.173943	0.427335	-0.183953	0.321879
P1 × PREAUT, 4 months	0.222170	0.308260	-0.075358	0.687015
P1 × PREAUT, 9 months	0.103560	0.638193	0.061318	0.743153
N1 × CDRIs, Phase I	-0.344995	0.106915	0.189764	0.306558
N1 × CDRIs, Phase II	-0.215600	0.323151	-	-
N1 × CDRIs, Phase III	0.177681	0.417312	-0.171654	0.355835
N1 × CDRIs, Phase IV	0.608049	0.002084^* * p<0.050	-0.285860	0.119013
N1 × PREAUT, 4 months	-0.167838	0.443981	-0.155270	0.404249
N1 × PREAUT, 9 months	0.060573	0.783661	0.030628	0.870078

CDRI	Not at risk		At risk
CDRI	n	%	n	%
Phase I	31	57.41	23	42.59
Phase II	43	79.63	11	20.37
Phase III	38	70.38	16	29.62
Phase IV	46	85.18	8	14.81
PREAUT, 4 months	31	57.41	23	42.59
PREAUT, 9 months	43	79.63	11	20.37

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[1] Mann–Whitney U test;

[TFN1] ^*
p≤0.050

[3] Caption: RE – right ear; LE – left ear; ms - milliseconds; mV - microvolts; SD - standard deviation