Hidecker et al.(4040 Hidecker MJC, Slaughter J, Abeysekara P, Ho NT, Dodge N, Hurvitz EA, et al. Early predictors and correlates of communication function in children with cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol. 2018;33(4):275-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073817754006. PMid:29366365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08830738177540...
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USA |
case series |
215 children with CP (from 2 to 17 years) |
Unaided AAC (Eye gaze, facial expressions, gesturing, and/or pointing; manual signs); Aided AAC (Communication boards, books, and/or pictures, VOCAs or SGDs) |
12 months |
No speech and no AAC therapy; Speech therapy |
Communication skills (receptive and expressive); |
Baseline: 3; 6; 12 months after baseline |
P=0.0006 |
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Hochstein et al.(4141 Hochstein DD, McDaniel MA, Nettleton S, Neufeld KH. The fruitfulness of a nomothetic approach to investigating AAC: comparing two speech encoding schemes across cerebral palsied and nondisabled children. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2003;12(1):110-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2003/057). PMid:12680818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2003...
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USA |
case control study |
16 children with CP and motor disability (3.2-8.1 year, months) |
Computerized AAC devices |
2 weeks* |
Computerized AAC devices (for children without motor disability) |
Communication skills (receptive and expressive); Vocabulary Acquisition (Mean proportions of errors) |
Baseline: 2 weeks |
P< 0.01 |
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Joginder Singh et al.(4545 Joginder Singh S, Hussein NH, Mustaffa Kamal R, Hassan FH. Reflections of Malaysian parents of children with developmental disabilities on their experiences with AAC. Augment Altern Commun. 2017;33(2):110-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2017.1309457. PMid:28387140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2017....
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Malaysia |
Single-subject multiple-baseline research design |
8 children with CP (3–12 years) |
Communication book & Makaton; Communication board and typing; Mobile AAC apps; Communication board and mobile AAC apps; Communication book; Communication book and writing |
1.1-2.3*** years/months |
Not applicable (N/A) (Qualitative research design) |
Communication skills (receptive and expressive); Improvement in child’s literacy skills; Reduction in child’s Frustration. |
Baseline: 1.01; 1.09; 2.01; 2.02 years |
N/A |
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Medeiros et al.(4242 Medeiros KF, Cress CJ, Lambert MC. Mastery motivation in children with complex communication needs: longitudinal data analysis. Augment Altern Commun. 2016;32(3):208-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2016.1179789. PMid:27184193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2016....
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USA |
Longitudinal cohort study |
16 children with CP (9–27 months), |
Child–parent interactive play with unaided AAC such as manual signs and gestures. |
18 months*** |
N/A |
Communication skills (receptive and expressive); Battelle age equivalence scores (Communication and Motor) |
Baseline: 9 months; 18 months |
Motor skills: p < 0.001; Language skills: p < 0.01 |
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Pahisa-Solé and Herrera-Joancomartí(4646 Pahisa-Solé J, Herrera-Joancomartí J. Testing an AAC system that transforms pictograms into natural language with persons with cerebral palsy. Assist Technol. 2019;31(3):117-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2017.1393844. PMid:29045194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2017....
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Spain |
Single-subject multiple-baseline research design |
4 patients with CP (13-17 years) |
Pictogram-based AAC |
30 years*** |
The same communication device without the compansion system |
Communication skills (receptive and expressive); Increase in CACE vocabulary* |
Baseline: 30 years |
Increase for 41.59%; P<0.05 |
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Smith and Hustad(4343 Smith AL, Hustad KC. AAC and early intervention for children with cerebral palsy: parent perceptions and child risk factors. Augment Altern Commun. 2015;31(4):336-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2015.1084373. PMid:26401966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2015....
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USA |
Longitudinal cohort study |
26 children with CP (two-year-old) |
Aided AAC (low-technology boards, switches, high-technology devices); Unaided AAC (facial expression, sign, eye gaze, and gestures) |
6 months |
N/A |
Communication skills (receptive and expressive); Preschool Language Scale-Fourth Edition) and expressive (Mean length of utterance in morphemes) language skills |
Baseline: 6 months |
PLS raw: P<0.05; MLUm: P<0..01 |
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Soto and Clarke(4747 Soto G, Clarke MT. Conversation-based intervention for adolescents using augmentative and alternative communication. Augment Altern Commun. 2018;34(3):180-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2018.1490926. PMid:30043650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2018....
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UK |
Single-subject multiple-baseline research design |
4 teenage girls (14 - 18 years) |
iPad with LAMP Words for Life; Vantage Lite with Unity3; Nova Chat |
12 weeks** |
Conversation-based intervention |
Communication skills (receptive and expressive): Verbs; Pronouns; Bound morphemes; Spontaneous clauses |
Baseline: 12 weeks |
Communication skills: Verbs (p= 0.004; 0.0005; 0.07; 0.06); Pronouns (P= 0.005; 0.002; 0.09; 0.59); Bound morphemes (p= 0.006; 0.39; 0.92; 0.03); Spontaneous clauses (p= 0.06; 0.002; 0.003; 0.20) |
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Karlsson et al.(4848 Karlsson P, Bech A, Stone H, Vale C, Griffin S, Monbaliu E, et al. Eyes on communication: trialling eye-gaze control technology in young children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil. 2019;22(2):134-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2018.1519609. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2018.15...
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Australia |
Single-subject multiple-baseline research design |
5 children with CP (aged 3–5 years) |
Eye tracker systems: Tobii PCEye Go; myGaze (Software: (Look to Learn and Grid 3) |
6 weeks |
N/A |
Communication skills (receptive and expressive); PLS-4); FOCUS©; YC-PEM; CP- Quality of Life Questionnaire; DMQ; COPM; GAS; RAACS |
Baseline: 6 weeks |
significant results for: COPM; GAS |
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Lund and Light(4444 Lund SK, Light J. Long-term outcomes for individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication: part I--what is a “good” outcome? Augment Altern Commun. 2006;22(4):284-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434610600718693. PMid:17127616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434610600718...
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USA |
Longitudinal cohort study |
15 patients with CP (age: 4-8 years) |
Vocalizations; Head shake/nod; Communication board with alphabet; Eye pointing; Vocalizations; Eye codes; |
15 years*** |
N/A |
Communication skills (receptive and expressive); PPVT-R; TACL-R; GSRT; Analysis of conversational samples; ASHA-FACS; Arc’s Self-Determination Scale; The Quality of Life Profile for People with Physical and Sensory Disabilities |
Baseline: 15 years |
Significant results for: PPVT-R; TACL-R |