Performance in decoding and writing of children with Developmental Language Disorder: preliminary data

Soares, Aparecido José Couto; Santos, Gabriele Hilário Cardoso; Befi-Lopes, Débora Maria

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20232022318en

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Brief Communication • CoDAS 36 (1) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20232022318en copy

Performance in decoding and writing of children with Developmental Language Disorder: preliminary data

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

to verify the performance of children with Developmental Language Disorder in decoding and writing tests in order to better understand their manifestations and the process of acquiring written language skills.

Methods

The study subjects were 80 children. The Research Group consisted of 16 children diagnosed with Developmental Language Disorder, 13 males and 3 females, mean age of 7.3. The Control Group counted on 64 subjects paired in gender, age, education and socioeconomic level with the Control Group in a 4:1 ratio. The ability to decode words and pseudowords of both groups was evaluated, measuring the time spent to correctly read words and the percentage of correct answers, also considering the length of the word/pseudoword. The writing evaluation was carried out in the control group, which had its spelling errors analyzed and categorized. All data underwent descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.

Results

The data indicated a longer decoding time and a lower percentage of correct answers for the children from the Research Group. Regarding spelling errors, there was a predominance of arbitrary spelling errors.

Conclusion

The data showed that children with Developmental Language Disorder tend to have a longer decoding time, greater percentage of errors than their peers and tend to present spelling errors more concentrated in natural orthography.

Keywords:
Language; Specific Language Disorder; Reading; Learning; Evaluation

READING TIME
Word type	Word extension	Group	n	Mean	SD	CI 95%		Median	Min.	Max.
Word type	Word extension	Group	n	Mean	SD	LL	UL	Median	Min.	Max.
Word	Monosyllable	CG	54	7.09	2.56	6.43	7.72	7.10	1.20	14.70
	Monosyllable	RG	16	19.56	7.59	16.50	23.12	18.00	11.00	37.00
	Disyllable	CG	52	23.86	10.11	21.28	26.54	22.10	1.10	51.30
	Disyllable	RG	14	72.71	42.67	55.70	95.00	66.00	29.00	201.00
	Trisyllable	CG	50	32.26	14.42	28.17	36.39	32.45	5.50	66.20
	Trisyllable	RG	9	109.89	36.08	88.00	132.00	106.00	61.00	183.00
	Polysyllable (4 syllables)	CG	42	38.69	24.56	32.19	46.87	32.15	5.20	137.40
	Polysyllable (4 syllables)	RG	6	93.50	22.42	76.33	111.20	98.50	64.00	118.00
	Polysyllable (5 syllables)	CG	41	22.00	8.59	19.55	24.66	20.10	5.70	39.50
	Polysyllable (5 syllables)	RG	5	58.00	22.52	43.40	72.60	57.00	39.00	94.00
	Total	CG	55	104.80	52.25	90.58	119.42	113.00	4.50	209.00
	Total	RG	16	198.19	123.19	142.29	253.37	223.00	18.00	408.00
Pseudoword	Monosyllable	CG	45	8.93	2.85	8.23	9.64	8.50	2.10	19.50
	Monosyllable	RG	9	22.78	12.47	16.67	30.44	17.00	12.00	52.00
	Disyllable	CG	42	30.58	9.15	28.05	33.12	28.20	17.80	57.20
	Disyllable	RG	8	94.00	44.04	64.63	124.62	84.50	45.00	154.00
	Trisyllable	CG	45	42.28	14.88	37.82	46.16	41.80	7.60	85.30
	Trisyllable	RG	6	129.67	34.94	105.33	157.54	138.50	88.00	179.00
	Polysyllable (4 syllables)	CG	42	37.97	15.13	33.62	42.94	36.70	8.20	79.20
	Polysyllable (4 syllables)	RG	4	114.25	38.35	86.23	146.25	114.50	68.00	160.00
	Polysyllable (5 syllables)	CG	39	24.42	9.15	21.75	27.02	24.20	6.80	46.20
	Polysyllable (5 syllables)	RG	4	65.75	17.21	54.25	78.56	63.00	49.00	88.00
	Total	CG	48	127.84	53.91	110.48	142.97	133.60	6.50	219.20
	Total	RG	9	272.56	153.87	180.79	362.44	273.00	12.00	553.00
PERCENTAGE OF CORRECT ANSWERS
Word type	Word extension	Group	n	Mean	SD	CI 95%		Median	Min.	Max.
Word type	Word extension	Group	n	Mean	SD	LL	UL	Median	Min.	Max.
Word	Monosyllable	CG	64	64.06	41.81	54.43	73.78	83.33	0.00	100
	Monosyllable	RG	16	56.56	28.03	42.80	69.48	52.50	16.00	100
	Disyllable	CG	64	55.18	40.24	45.63	64.82	75.00	0.00	100
	Disyllable	RG	16	49.26	31.47	33.02	64.52	49.98	0.00	93.75
	Trisyllable	CG	64	52.41	41.41	42.07	63.14	59.09	0.00	100
	Trisyllable	RG	16	25.52	30.55	12.15	39.98	14.28	0.00	85.71
	Polysyllable (4 syllables)	CG	64	50.10	42.12	39.85	60.54	62.50	0.00	100
	Polysyllable (4 syllables)	RG	16	16.80	28.93	3.91	32.03	0.00	0.00	81.25
	Polysyllable (5 syllables)	CG	64	51.76	43.58	41.80	61.52	68.75	0.00	100
	Polysyllable (5 syllables)	RG	16	17.19	29.18	5.47	31.02	0.00	0.00	87.50
	Total	CG	64	51.94	39.81	42.55	61.73	65.71	0.00	97.14
	Total	RG	16	25.37	30.45	10.72	40.61	13.50	0.00	86.19
Pseudoword	Monosyllable	CG	64	51.04	37.66	41.94	60.16	66.67	0.00	100
	Monosyllable	RG	16	39.79	39.07	21.87	57.29	33.33	0.00	100
	Disyllable	CG	64	51.56	40.72	42.29	60.84	62.50	0.00	100
	Disyllable	RG	16	30.98	34.02	15.82	46.61	19.75	0.00	100
	Trisyllable	CG	64	43.11	33.94	35.31	51.12	54.55	0.00	95.45
	Trisyllable	RG	16	21.87	32.69	6.53	36.63	0.00	0.00	86.36
	Polysyllable (4 syllables)	CG	64	33.30	29.86	25.98	40.71	37.50	0.00	87.50
	Polysyllable (4 syllables)	RG	16	16.02	32.19	1.17	32.42	0.00	0.00	93.75
	Polysyllable (5 syllables)	CG	64	36.52	35.17	28.91	44.73	37.50	0.00	100
	Polysyllable (5 syllables)	RG	16	12.50	27.76	1.56	25.00	0.00	0.00	87.50
	Total	CG	64	41.50	32.89	34.05	49.27	52.14	0.00	92.86
	Total	RG	16	23.09	29.36	10.14	37.00	13.54	0.00	88.52

Variables	Par.		Effects
Variables	Par.	intercept	G	T	L	G x T	G x L	T x L	G x T x L
Time	Wald's X²	10396.960	159.466	29.301	791.129	2.357	10.365	5.758	6.574
	gl	1	1	1	4	1	4	4	4
	p	< 0.001*	< 0.001 ^* * Statistically significant value at the 5% level (p ≤ 0.05)	< 0.001*	< 0.001*	0.125	0.035*	0.218	0.160
Hits (%)	Wald's X²	269.657	4.320	14.827	26.053	2.880	11.609	2.076	1.229
	gl	1	1	1	4	1	4	4	4
	p	< 0.001*	0.038*	< 0.001*	< 0.001*	0.090	0.021*	0.722	0.873

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[1] Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.