Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose The general aim of the present study was to analyse eight mother-child interactions during shared reading with children and to assess the efficacy of a brief intervention with the mothers to promote changes in the strategies they used to develop their children’s oral language. The specific objectives were to work collaboratively with mothers, to analyse the interactions between mothers and their children before and at the end of the intervention period. Methods Mothers participated in five meetings to reflect collaboratively on strategies to promote improvements in communicative interactions in a family context and in children’s oral language and during the shared reading episodes. Standardized language tests were used to assess the oral language of children who were five and six years old and typically developing. Results The results showed that all children improved some aspects of their communicative repertoire in standardized tests and/or in the observations of natural or structured situations. Conclusion We conclude that the use of strategies such as a brief intervention to promote communicative interactions between mothers and their children may have contributed to promoting children’s oral language.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose This study investigated the association between self-perception of stuttering and self-perception of hearing, speech fluency profile, and contextual aspects in Brazilian adults who stutter. Methods Fifty-five adults who stutter (ages 18 to 58 years), speakers of Brazilian Portuguese speakers, participated in an observational study that included: (a) a clinical history survey to collect identification, sociodemographic, clinical, and assistance data; (b) the Brazil Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB); (c) a hearing self-perception questionnaire (Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale – SSQ, version 5.6); (d) self-perception of the impact of stuttering (Brazilian Portuguese version of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering – Adults – OASES-A); and (e) an assessment of speech fluency (Fluency Profile Assessment Protocol -- PAPF). Data analysis consisted of descriptive and bivariate analysis using Pearson’s chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results Most participants were classified as moderate to severe in the total classification of the impact of stuttering. There were moderate and weak negative correlations between the participants' self-perception of stuttering and self-perception of hearing. Conclusion Self-perception of auditory abilities was greater to the extent that self-perception of the impacts of stuttering on quality of life was lower.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to adapt the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Hearing Impaired (MoCA-H) into Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, and qualitative study involving participants selected by convenience. The instrument was adapted from its original version, in a six-stage process consisting of the following: Stage 1 - Translation and back translation of the MoCA-H; Stage 2 - Stimulus analysis and selection; Stage 3 - Semantic analysis of stimuli; Stage 4 - Analysis by non-expert judges, part 1; Stage 5 - Analysis by non-expert judges, part 2; Stage 6 - Pilot study. The following statistical methods were used in this study: parametric T-test, Gwet’s first-order Agreement Coefficient (AC1), and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Results Cultural and linguistic adaptations were made to the instrument as well as changes to administration procedures to improve respondent comprehension. Participants with and without hearing loss had some comprehension difficulties in the visualspatial/executive domain task. This was observed not only in Stage 6 but also from the beginning of the adaptation process. Conclusion The adaptation process yielded an instrument with satisfactory content validity.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To promote orientation about cleft lip and palate and to verify knowledge and satisfaction of an orientation program through a website developed for students and health professionals. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, 13 healthcare professionals and 81 students from the areas of nursing, speech-language pathologist, medicine, nutrition, dentistry, and psychology participated. The research consisted of three stages: filling out a pre-program questionnaire, accessing the website (http://fissuralabiopalatina.unb.br/) developed by the researchers and filling out a post-program questionnaire. For the statistical analyses McNemar's, Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Tests were used. Results The majority of students were enrolled in the eighth semester of graduation or above, with little or no prior contact with the CLP. After accessing the website, there was an increase in knowledge for eight questions (p≤0.05). 70.2% consider their satisfaction when accessing the website to be excellent, 24.5% very good and 5.3% good. 44.7% of participants praised the website's design and layout, accessible language and informative content. Conclusion It was possible to promote the guidelines about cleft lip and palate on the website, observing was an expansion of the topic for students and health professionals.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To present the criterion validity, sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off scores for the Profiles of Early Expressive Phonological Skills Test - Brazilian Portuguese (PEEPS-BP) - Expanded List. Methods This was a quantitative cross-sectional psychometric study. The sample consisted of 30 children with no identified neurodevelopmental disorders aged 24 to 36 months. Twenty-three were part of the control group, and seven were part of the clinical group, which consisted of children with reported delays in vocabulary acquisition and phonological development. Children were administered the PEEPS-BP - Expanded List and responses to each item/stimulus were analyzed based on the following categories: spontaneous naming, repetition, and not naming the item at all. Criterion validity was established using Student’s T-test to compare the scores obtained by clinical and control group participants on the instrument. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves. Results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results Scores of the clinical and control groups differed significantly at p ≤ 0.001. A cut-off point of 34 had a sensitivity of 0.957 and specificity of 100.00 in distinguishing between the two participant groups. Conclusion The PEEPS-BP had adequate criterion validity and cut-off points that could distinguish between the clinical and control group with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose The study aimed to identify and assess the methodological quality of essential clinical guidelines for the management of laryngitis and pharyngitis. Methods A systematic search of clinical guidelines for the management of laryngitis and pharyngitis was performed in three databases. Methodological quality was assessed according to AGREE II, in which each item in its domains was scored by four independent evaluators. To determine the agreement, a weighted Kappa square statistic calculation was performed. Results 81 studies were found in the bibliographic sources consulted and all were evaluated. Considering the exclusion criteria, seven guidelines were selected for final evaluation by AGREE II. The squared weighted Kappa coefficient calculated after the first round of evaluation by AGREE II was 0.85, within an almost perfect agreement rate. The domains “stakeholder engagement”, “applicability”, and “editorial independence” had the lowest mean scores and the highest standard deviation indices. They had, respectively, a mean score of (63.7%) with a standard deviation of (17%), a mean score of (65.7%) with a standard deviation of (22%), and a mean score of (35%) with a standard deviation of (23%). The use of penicillin, erythromycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, azithromycin and clarithromycin were recommended in (75%) of all guidelines that presented pharmacological measures. As a non-pharmacological measure, oral rehydration and gargling were recommended by two guidelines. Conclusion The statistical results indicate that all guidelines were considered as recommended. However, no uniformity was observed in the recommendations of these seven guidelines with regard to non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar se existe relação entre medidas acústicas relacionadas fo e a satisfação vocal de pessoas transgênero brasileiras. Método Estudo quantitativo observacional e transversal, com aplicação do Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ), gravação das vozes (vogal sustentada e fala automática) e extração de sete medidas acústicas relacionadas à posição e variabilidade da fo de pessoas transgênero. Participantes divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o gênero. Realizada análise descritiva e inferencial, a comparação entre os grupos foi realizada pelo Teste T de Student e a correlação das medidas da fo com o protocolo TWVQ foi testada por meio da Correlação de Pearson (p<0,05). Resultados Participaram 11 mulheres (média de idade= 26,91) e sete homens transgênero (média de idade = 26,57). As mulheres desejavam uma voz um pouco feminina, pontuando 72,8 no TWVQ, com valores médios de fo de 165,2Hz nas vogais e 144,5Hz na fala. Os homens desejavam uma voz um pouco masculina, pontuando 68,4 no TWVQ, com valores médios de fo de 143,3Hz nas vogais e 138,9Hz na fala. Dentre as sete medidas avaliadas, apenas fo máxima durante a contagem de números nas mulheres apresentou correlação negativa moderada com o TWVQ (p=0,043). Conclusão Apenas a fo máxima durante a contagem de números das mulheres transgênero demonstrou uma correlação negativa com o escore do TWVQ. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que, embora a fo possa desempenhar um papel na percepção do gênero na voz, ela não é o único determinante da satisfação vocal nesta população.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify possible correlations between fo and voice satisfaction among Brazilian transgender people. Methods An observational, cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with the Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ), voice recording (sustained vowel and automatic speech) and extraction of seven acoustic measurements related to fo position and variability in transgender people. Participants were divided into two groups according to gender. After descriptive and inferential analysis, comparison between both groups was performed by Student’s t-test and the correlation between fo measurements and the TWVQ protocol was calculated by Pearson’s correlation (p<0.05). Results A total of 11 transgender women (mean age = 26.91) and seven transgender men (mean age = 26.57) participated in the study. Women desired a slightly feminine voice, scoring 72.8 on the TWVQ, with mean pitch values of 165.2Hz on vowels and 144.5Hz in speech. Men desired a slightly masculine voice, scoring 68.4 on the TWVQ, with mean pitch values of 143.3Hz on vowels and 138.9Hz in speech. Of the seven evaluated measures, only the maximum pitch during number counting by women showed a moderate negative correlation with the TWVQ (p=0.043). Conclusion Only maximum fo during number counting by transgender women showed a negative correlation with the TWVQ score. Results suggest that although fo may play a role in gender perception by voice, it is not the only determinant of vocal satisfaction in this population.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the most significant risk factors for child development through the application of two risk protocols, namely, the Protocol for the Identification of Risk Factors for Language and Speech Disorders (PIFRAL) and the Language Development Protocol (PDL). Methods A retrospective study was carried out with 194 children aged 0 to 5 years and 11 months who were participants of primary health care (PHC) in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2016 to 2020. The database was thoroughly analyzed using R software, and the most relevant risk factors were correlated through statistical analysis, generating altered and unaltered PDL results. Altered PDL results in the presence of one or more altered axes. Results Of the 194 participants, 62.4% had altered PDLs, and the risk factors that were most common in this group were male gender; being white; having a family socioeconomic level of upper middle, lower middle or low class; having a level of education up to high school; having a child with an altered temperament and having a mother with an altered temperament. Conclusion This research has achieved its goals, first, by correlating the PIFRAL and PDL protocols and second, by showing some of the risk factors for child development and their implications for language acquisition.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose Investigations on identifying the nature of stuttering present varying views. The argument remains whether the stuttering dysfluencies have a motor or a linguistic foundation. Though stuttering is considered a speech-motor disorder, linguistic factors are increasingly reported to play a role in stuttering. Current literature points towards deficits in speech-related motor areas of the brain to abnormalities in linguistic planning and phonological memory playing a role in stuttering. Examining cross-linguistic generalization of treatment gains from treated to untreated language in bilinguals who stutter may provide a unique opportunity to explore the motor and linguistic factors in stuttering. Methods In the current study, we explored this potential by experimentally controlling the language of treatment in bilinguals with stuttering (BWS). We hypothesized that if the dysfluencies in stuttering arise from the underlying motor deficits, then the language of treatment would not play a significant role in cross-linguistic generalization. Sixteen BWS were given transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) along with behavioral intervention for three weeks. The language of treatment was randomized, wherein participants in one group received behavioral intervention in their dominant language and the other in their non-dominant language. Results Results showed that participants in both groups showed a reduction in their stuttering dysfluencies (% stuttered syllables) regardless of the language of treatment, and the treatment gains were generalized to the non-treated language. Conclusion Linguistic factors such as language dominance and structure of languages did not surface to play a role in the generalization, signaling the motoric nature of dysfluencies in stuttering.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar se a expansão rápida de maxila (ERM) causa efeitos no funcionamento da orelha média e nos gaps aéreo-ósseos em crianças e adolescentes. Método Ensaio clínico de braço único, com coleta de dados em quatro momentos: antes de iniciar a ERM (T0), ao finalizar a ERM (T1), três meses após finalizar a ERM (T2) e seis meses após realizar a ERM (T3). A avaliação audiológica, realizada nos quatro momentos, foi composta pela meatoscopia, audiometria tonal liminar e vocal, timpanometria e pesquisa dos reflexos acústicos. Resultados 18 crianças e adolescentes atenderam os critérios de elegibilidade. Houve redução dos gaps aéreo-ósseos e melhora no funcionamento da orelha média, ao longo do acompanhamento, entre T0, T1, T2 e T3. Três meses após a finalização da ERM, em T2, todos os pacientes apresentaram curvas timpanométricas tipo A e seis meses após a ERM, em T3, houve ausência de gap aéreo-ósseo e reflexos acústicos ipsilaterais e contralaterais presentes em toda a amostra. Conclusão Verificou-se na amostra estudada que a ERM promoveu gradativa redução dos gaps aéreo-ósseos e adequado funcionamento de orelha média em crianças e adolescentes com atresia transversal de maxila.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To ascertain whether Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) elicits effects on the functioning of the middle ear and air-bone gaps in children and adolescents. Methods Single-arm clinical trial, with data collection at four time points: before initiating Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) (T0), upon completion of RME (T1), three months post-RME completion (T2), and six months post-RME procedure (T3). The audiological assessment, conducted at all four time points, comprised otoscopy, pure tone and speech audiometry, tympanometry, and acoustic reflex investigation. Results Eighteen children and adolescents met the eligibility criteria. There was a reduction in air-bone gaps and an improvement in middle ear function throughout the follow-up period, between T0, T1, T2, and T3. Three months after the completion of RME, at T2, all patients exhibited type A tympanometric curves, and six months after RME, at T3, there was an absence of air-bone gaps and ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic reflexes present in the entire sample. Conclusion In the studied sample, it was observed that Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) led to a gradual reduction in air-bone gaps, resulting in appropriate middle ear function in children and adolescents with transverse maxillary atresia.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar se há diferença na classificação da hipernasalidade de fala de ouvintes não experientes usando escalas ordinais distintas; verificar a concordância dos ouvintes nas análises ao empregar estas escalas e verificar se a ordem de apresentação das escalas influencia os resultados. Método Vinte acadêmicos em Fonoaudiologia classificaram os graus de hipernasalidade de 40 amostras (orais) de pacientes com fissura labiopalatina. Dez realizaram as classificações utilizando escala de 4 pontos (ausente, leve, moderada e grave) e, após duas semanas, utilizando escala de 3 pontos (ausente, pouco hipernasal e muito hipernasal). Outros dez alunos realizaram as mesmas classificações, porém em ordem inversa. As classificações foram feitas de forma remota e documentadas em um formulário. Resultados A porcentagem média de respostas corretas dos alunos, em relação ao padrão-ouro, foi significativamente maior para a escala de 3 pontos. Não houve interação significativa entre ordem de apresentação e escala para o percentual de acerto das classificações. A concordância dos alunos em relação à avaliação padrão-ouro foi regular (escala de 3 pontos) e moderada (escala de 4 pontos). A porcentagem média de concordância das análises intra-avaliador foi significativamente maior para a escala de 3 pontos. Não houve interação significativa entre ordem de apresentação e escala para o percentual das classificações intra-avaliadores. O índice de coeficiente Kappa mostrou concordância intra-avaliador mais favorável para a escala reduzida. Conclusão A escala reduzida favoreceu a classificação da hipernasalidade de fala pelos ouvintes e pode ser considerada uma importante estratégia para favorecer as avaliações iniciais de acadêmicos em Fonoaudiologia durante sua formação.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate whether there is a difference in the classification of speech hypernasality by inexperienced listeners using different ordinal scales; to verify the agreement of the listeners in the analyses when using these scales; and to verify whether the order in which the scales are presented influences the results. Methods Twenty Speech-Language Pathology students classified the degrees of hypernasality of 40 (oral) samples from patients with cleft lip and palate. Ten performed the classifications using a 4-point scale (absent, mild, moderate, and severe) and, after two weeks, using a 3-point scale (absent, slightly hypernasal, and very hypernasal). Other ten students performed the same classifications, but in reverse order. The classifications were made remotely and documented on a form. Results The average percentage of correct responses by the students, in relation to the gold standard, was significantly higher for the 3-point scale. There was no significant interaction between the order of presentation and the scale for the percentage of correct classifications. The students' agreement with the gold standard assessment was fair (3-point scale) and moderate (4-point scale). The mean percentage of agreement of the intra-rater analyses was significantly higher for the 3-point scale. There was no significant interaction between presentation order and scale for the percentage of intra-rater classifications. The Kappa coefficient index showed more favorable intra-rater agreement for the reduced scale. Conclusion The reduced scale favored the classification of speech hypernasality by listeners and can be considered an important strategy to favor the initial evaluations of students in Speech Therapy during their training.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose to characterize mastication and electrical activation of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and relate results to guided occlusion and occlusal interference. Methods This observational, analytical cross-sectional study included 22 subjects divided into mild OI (MOI) (type 1) (n=15) and moderate-to-severe OI (MSOI) (types 3, 4, and 5) (n=7) groups. The Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES) form was used to evaluate the clinical aspects of mastication. Surface electromyography was performed on the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles at rest for 10 seconds and during maximum intercuspation, spontaneous chewing, and instructed chewing on the right and left sides. Additionally, the activation index and muscle symmetry were measured. Results a preferentially unilateral chewing pattern was observed in 12 (54.5%) participants. Masticatory patterns did not influence electrical activation during any of the tasks, nor did occlusal guidance during maximum intercuspation or mastication. The percentage of muscle activation during maximal intercuspation approached half of the total activation during spontaneous chewing. In muscle activation indices, the MSOI group presented more atypical scores, while the MOI group scores seemed to be in line with reference values. The symmetry indices seemed to correspond to reference values, but the standard deviation and minimum and maximum values pointed to asymmetric results. Conclusion This study found that the OI population presented muscle imbalances, but the results did not allow us to define one pattern of change.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivo O estudo analisou a pressão de língua em idosos saudáveis durante a contração voluntária máxima na porção anterior e posterior e verificou se houve associação com sexo, idade e condição dentária. Método Trata-se de estudo transversal, observacional e descritivo com amostra não probabilística, composta por 128 idosos ativos e saudáveis, de ambos os sexos. A avaliação foi composta por anamnese para coleta de dados pessoais, rastreio cognitivo, avaliação da condição dentária e avaliação da pressão da língua por meio do Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. As variáveis resposta foram a pressão de língua em contração máxima (anterior e posterior) e as variáveis explicativas foram idade, sexo, número de dentes naturais e condições referentes às próteses dentárias. Foram considerados o nível de significância de 5% para análise dos dados. Resultados Observou-se maior pressão anterior de língua no sexo masculino. Em relação à idade, a medida de pressão lingual tanto na região anterior quanto na posterior indicou diferença significativa entre os idosos de 60 a 69 anos comparados aos com mais de 80 anos. Quanto à condição dentária e à adaptação da prótese, não foram verificadas diferenças expressivas. Conclusão Os valores de pressão de língua nas porções anterior e posterior mostraram-se mais elevados em homens e diminuíram após os 80 anos. As condições relacionadas ao número de dentes, presença e adaptação das próteses não influenciaram os níveis de pressão lingual.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose This study analyzed tongue pressure in healthy older adults during maximum voluntary contraction in the anterior and posterior regions and verified whether it was associated with sex, age, and dental status. Methods This is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study with a non-probabilistic sample of 128 active and healthy older adults of both sexes. The evaluation consisted of a medical history survey to collect personal data, cognitive screening, and assessment of dental status and tongue pressure, using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. The anterior and posterior tongue pressures at maximum contraction were the response variables, and age, sex, number of natural teeth, and conditions related to dentures were the explanatory variables. The significance level was set at 5% for data analysis. Results Males had greater anterior tongue pressure. The anterior and posterior tongue pressure measurements were significantly different between participants aged 60 to 69 years and those over 80 years. No significant differences were found regarding dental status and denture fitting. Conclusion Anterior and posterior tongue pressure values were higher in men and decreased after the age of 80. The conditions related to the number of teeth and denture use and fitting did not influence the tongue pressure levels.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivo descrever características sociodemográficas de indivíduos com esclerose múltipla, correlacionar e comparar a fadiga, desvantagem vocal e a qualidade de vida em voz de indivíduos com e sem a doença. Método Estudo transversal, quantitativo e com 52 voluntários com esclerose múltipla e 52 voluntários-controle, pareados por sexo, idade e escolaridade. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram coletados com questionário e análise de prontuários. Os participantes responderam ao Índice de Desvantagem Vocal reduzido (IDV-10), Índice de Fadiga Vocal (IFV) e Qualidade de Vida em Voz (QVV). Análises correlacionais e comparativas foram realizadas, com um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultado Maior predomínio de participantes diagnosticados com esclerose múltipla do sexo feminino, média de 40 anos, ensino médio completo e curso da doença do tipo remitente-recorrente. Houve correlação positiva entre a desvantagem e a fadiga vocal, e correlação negativa entre a desvantagem e fadiga vocal com a qualidade de vida em voz em ambos os grupos. Além disso, os participantes com esclerose múltipla ultrapassaram as notas de corte do IDV-10 e do IFV e ficaram abaixo da nota de corte do QVV. Conclusão Houve prevalência da doença em indivíduos jovens do sexo feminino, escolarizados e do tipo remitente-recorrente. Quanto maior a desvantagem e/ou a fadiga vocal, menor é a qualidade de vida em voz em ambos os grupos. No entanto, pessoas com esclerose múltipla autorreferem maior desvantagem e fadiga vocal, além de menor qualidade de vida relacionada à voz.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose to describe sociodemographic characteristics of individuals with multiple sclerosis and correlate and compare vocal fatigue, voice handicap, and voice-related quality of life of individuals with and without the disease. Methods Cross-sectional, quantitative study with 52 volunteers with multiple sclerosis and 52 control volunteers, matched by sex, age, and education level. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through a questionnaire and medical record analysis. Participants responded to the reduced Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10), Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI), and Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL). Correlational and comparative analyses were performed, with a 5% significance level (p < 0.05). Results There was a greater predominance of females diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, with a mean age of 40 years, who graduated from high school, and with a relapsing-remitting disease course. Voice handicap was positively correlated with vocal fatigue, and voice handicap and vocal fatigue were negatively correlated with voice-related quality of life in both groups. Participants with multiple sclerosis exceeded the VHI-10 and VFI cutoff scores and were below the V-RQOL cutoff score. Conclusion There was a prevalence of the disease in young, educated females with relapsing-remitting disease. The greater the voice handicap and/or vocal fatigue, the lower the voice-related quality of life in both groups. However, people with multiple sclerosis self-reported greater voice handicap and vocal fatigue and poorer voice-related quality of life.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o Benefício do Mascaramento Modulado (BMM) em medidas eletrofisiológicas e comportamentais em indivíduos jovens e adultos normouvintes. Método Estudo analítico observacional e transversal, com amostra final da pesquisa composta por 40 participantes, sendo 20 indivíduos de 18 a 30 anos (jovens-adultos) e 20 indivíduos de 31 a 50 anos (adultos), para realização de avaliação comportamental (Teste de reconhecimento de sentença na presença de ruído estável e modulado) e eletrofisiológica (Potencial Evocado Auditivo Cortical) para investigação do BMM. Os resultados foram analisados através do Test-t pareado e ANOVA para medidas repetidas, seguido pelo teste post-hoc de Bonferroni (p-valor <0,05). Resultados Foi identificada uma menor interferência do ruído modulado nas medidas de latência e amplitude dos componentes corticais, gerando uma redução significativa na latência de P1 e aumento da amplitude de P2 em ambos os grupos de participantes. O ruído estável gerou limiares eletrofisiológicos e comportamentais mais elevados comparado ao ruído modulado. Uma maior magnitude do BMM foi observada no grupo jovem-adulto. Conclusão Identificou-se em ambos os grupos de participantes uma menor interferência do ruído modulado no tempo de codificação da resposta auditiva neural e no processo de discriminação neural da fala. Além disso, os limiares comportamentais e eletrofisiológicos foram tipicamente mais elevados diante do ruído estável quando comparado ao ruído modulado, apontando para uma correspondência da medida do BMM entre os domínios da audição. A magnitude do BMM superior no grupo de jovens-adultos, especialmente no domínio eletrofisiológico, sugere uma maior habilidade de resolução temporal em indivíduos mais jovens.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the Benefit of Modulated Masking (BMM) in electrophysiological and behavioral measurements in young and adult normal-hearing individuals. Methods Observational and cross-sectional analytical study, with a final research sample consisted of 40 participants, 20 individuals aged 18 to 30 years (young adults) and 20 individuals aged 31 to 50 years (adults), to carry out behavioral assessment (Sentence recognition test in the presence of stable and modulated noise) and electrophysiological (Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential) for BMM investigation. The results were analyzed using the paired t-test and ANOVA for repeated measures, applied by the Bonferroni post-hoc test (p-value <0.05). Results Less interference from modulated noise was identified in the latency and amplitude measurements of cortical components, generating a significant reduction in P1 latency and an increase in P2 amplitude in both groups of participants. Stable noise generated higher electrophysiological and behavioral thresholds compared to modulated noise. A greater magnitude of BMM was observed in the young-adult group. Conclusion In both groups of participants, less interference from modulated noise was identified in the encoding time of the neural auditory response and in the process of neural discrimination of speech. Furthermore, behavioral and electrophysiological thresholds were typically higher in stable noise when compared to modulated noise, pointing to a correspondence between BMM measurements between hearing domains. The magnitude of the higher BMM in the young-adult group, especially in the electrophysiological domain, suggests a greater temporal resolution ability in younger individuals.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar e comparar os efeitos da exposição sonora no sistema vestíbulococlear entre os grupos e a qualidade de vida dos musicistas. Método Participaram 56 indivíduos, sendo 28 musicistas e 28 não-musicistas, com faixa etária de 18 a 45 anos e de ambos os sexos. Os participantes foram submetidos à anamnese, avaliação audiológica básica, potencial evocado miogênico vestibular (VEMP) e, exclusivamente, os musicistas ao questionário WHOQOL-Bref. Resultados Participaram musicistas profissionais e entusiastas que apresentaram limiares auditivos aumentados nas frequências de 3 e 4KHz e qualidade de vida consideravelmente satisfatória. Houve significância nas latências do VEMP cervical e na latência da onda P15 do lado esquerdo do VEMP ocular do grupo estudo em relação ao grupo controle. O VEMP demonstrou ondas maiores bilateralmente nos homens em comparação com as mulheres. Conclusão Concluiu-se que a exposição sonora, dentro dos limites de tolerância em tempo e intensidade, foi passível de proporcionar benefícios auditivos, vestibulares e de qualidade de vida para os musicistas.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate and compare the effects of sound exposure on the vestibulocochlear system and the quality of life among musicians. Methods Fifty-six individuals participated, including 28 musicians and 28 non-musicians, aged 18 to 45 years, of both genders. Participants underwent medical history assessment, basic audiological evaluation, vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), and exclusively, WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. Results Professional and enthusiast musicians participated, showing increased auditory thresholds at 3 and 4 kHz frequencies and considerably satisfactory quality of life. There was significance in cervical VEMP latencies and the latency of the P15 wave in the left ocular VEMP of the study group compared to the control group. VEMP demonstrated larger waves bilaterally in men compared to women. Conclusion It was concluded that sound exposure, within tolerance limits in terms of time and intensity, was capable of providing auditory, vestibular, and quality of life benefits for musicians.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar os valores de ganho do reflexo vestíbulo-ocular (RVO), simetria de ganho entre os canais semicirculares (CSCs) e parâmetros sacádicos em pacientes com diagnóstico nosológico de doença de Méniere (DM) e migrânea vestibular (MV). Método Estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, sob parecer: 4.462.519. O estudo foi realizado a partir da análise de prontuários de indivíduos que realizaram o vídeo teste do impulso cefálico (vHIT). Foram incluídos prontuários de 33 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos: G1, 18 pacientes com diagnóstico nosológico de MV, G2, 15 pacientes com diagnóstico de DM. Foram coletadas informações sobre idade, gênero, diagnóstico nosológico, sintomas, comorbidades associadas e resultados do vHIT. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente, por meio do Teste t-student e Modelo de regressão linear. Foi adotado o nível de significância de 0,05 (95%). Resultados O sexo prevalente foi o feminino (75,76%), com idade média de 50,18 anos. Observou- se predomínio do ganho do RVO dentro dos padrões de normalidade para o grupo MV (44,44%) e da hipofunção vestibular para o grupo DM (40%). Não houve diferença significativa entre a média de ganho por CSC, dos grupos, nem entre os CSCs direito e esquerdo, dos grupos. Quanto aos parâmetros sacádicos, o G1 apresentou maior percentual de sacadas evidentes e da dispersão sacádica. Conclusão Embora não se tenha encontrado diferença significativa entre o ganho do RVO no vHIT entre os grupos, observou-se predomínio da hipofunção vestibular no grupo DM e de resultados dentro da normalidade no grupo MV.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain values, gain symmetry between the semicircular canals (SCCs), and saccadic parameters in patients with a nosological diagnosis of Ménière’s disease (MD) and vestibular migraine (VM). Methods Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, under evaluation report number 4.462.519. The study was based on medical record analysis of individuals who underwent the Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT). The sample included medical records of 33 patients, divided into two groups – G1, 18 patients with a nosological diagnosis of VM; G2, 15 patients with MD. The study collected information on age, sex, nosological diagnosis, symptoms, associated comorbidities, and vHIT results. Student's t-test and the linear regression model statistically analyzed the data. The significance level was set at 0.05 (95%). Results Females predominated (75.76%), with a mean age of 50.18 years. There was a predominance of normal VOR gain in the VM group (44.44%) and vestibular hypofunction in the MD group (40%). There was no significant difference between the groups’ mean gain per SCC, nor between the groups’ right and left SCCs. G1 had a higher percentage of evident saccades and saccadic dispersion. Conclusion Although there was no significant difference in VOR gain in the vHIT between the groups, there was a predominance of vestibular hypofunction in the MD group and normal results in the VM group.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar os resultados preliminares do desenvolvimento de uma plataforma web que visa o treino do raciocínio clínico voltado para a abordagem fonoaudiológica de pacientes com disfonia comportamental. Método Estudo metodológico que descreve as etapas de desenvolvimento da ferramenta. Os conteúdos foram definidos por consenso a partir de painel de especialistas. O projeto cumprirá com as etapas de planejamento, desenvolvimento da plataforma, elaboração do conteúdo, avaliação de usabilidade e aceitação dos usuários, redefinição da ferramenta e determinação dos encargos. O presente artigo apresenta os processos e os resultados das três primeiras etapas. Resultados Denominada Script Voz, a plataforma web contemplará, inicialmente, seis casos clínicos de disfonias comportamentais. O usuário poderá selecionar um caso clínico de cada vez, devendo ser conduzido sequencialmente pelas etapas de avaliação, diagnóstico e planejamento terapêutico do caso. Para tanto, deverá escolher a(s) resposta(s) que julgar adequada(s) a cada uma das dez perguntas propostas para cada caso clínico. São apresentados os guias de procedimentos para avaliação, diagnóstico e planejamento terapêutico voltados para os casos clínicos que comporão a ferramenta, evidenciando os seus processos. Conclusão A Script Voz será de livre acesso. Os guias de procedimento aqui dispostos nortearão a coleta de dados, os diagnósticos de manifestação e o planejamento terapêutico voltados para os casos clínicos que comporão a ferramenta. As perguntas e devolutivas que guiarão a experiência do usuário encontram-se ainda em fase final de elaboração. A ferramenta usará casos clínicos reais e argumentos ancorados no raciocínio clínico de profissionais experientes.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To present the preliminary results of the development of a web platform aimed at training clinical reasoning aimed at the speech therapy approach to patients with behavioral dysphonia. Methods Methodological study that describes the tool development stages. The contents were defined by consensus from a panel of experts. The project will comply with the stages of planning, platform development, content creation, usability evaluation and user acceptance, redefinition of the tool and determination of charges. This article presents the processes and results of the first three stages. Results Called Script Voz, the web platform will initially include six clinical cases of behavioral dysphonia. The user can select one clinical case at a time, and must be guided sequentially through the assessment, diagnosis, and therapeutic planning stages of the case. To do so, you must choose the answer(s) you deem appropriate to each of the ten questions proposed for each clinical case. Procedure guides for assessment, diagnosis and therapeutic planning focused on clinical cases that will make up the tool are presented, highlighting their processes. Conclusion Script Voz will be freely accessible. The procedural guides provided here will guide data collection, manifestation diagnosis and therapeutic planning focused on the clinical cases that will make up the tool. The questions and feedback that will guide the user experience are still in the final stages of preparation. The tool will use real clinical cases and arguments anchored in the clinical reasoning of experienced professionals.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the different therapeutic strategies prescribed in orofunctional rehabilitation of the tongue musculature. Research strategies Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library for Latin America and the Caribbean, Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, SciVerse Scopus and Cochrane databases were consulted, with the descriptors "exercise therapy” OR “physiology” OR “musculoskeletal physiological phenomena” OR “digestive system and oral physiological phenomena” AND “speech therapy” OR “myofunctional therapy” OR “speech language pathology” AND “tongue”. Studies indexed until October 5, 2023, were included. Selection criteria Studies with an interventionist design with exercises for tongue musculature were included. Data analysis Three reviewers selected, extracted and tabulated the information from the studies. The PEDro scale was used to measure the studies’ methodological quality. Results 1.036 studies were found, and 18 were included in this review. The samples varied between 16 and 148 subjects, aged between 4 and 95 years. Only seven studies clearly described the exercises execution, and the number of sets, repetitions, and contraction duration. Fourteen studies clearly defined the exercises’ objectives. The average score of the PEDro Scale analysis was 6.9, and 56.25% of the studies scored ≥7. Conclusion There is a lack of a clear description of the exercises’ goals and their clinical indications, which can lead to confusion and inadequate prescription. Future studies will need to provide a clear description of the outcomes, in order that we can define, according to the exercises and training program specificity, what the effects of different training methodological parameters in this musculature are.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivo Mapear na literatura os efeitos da estimulação tátil, térmica e/ou gustativa na disfagia orofaríngea (DO) pós AVCi. Método Esta revisão de escopo foi conduzida segundo recomendações do PRISMA-SCR e do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Registrada na Open Science Framework e desenvolvida sem restrições de idioma ou período de publicação. Foram utilizadas diferentes bases de dados e literatura cinzenta para seleção dos artigos, e os mnemônicos PCC construíram a pergunta e critérios de elegibilidade da pesquisa, assim, foram incluídos estudos clínicos envolvendo adultos (maiores de 18 anos) diagnosticados com DO pós AVCi, que receberam estimulação tátil-térmica (ETT) e/ou térmica-gustativa (ETG) e/ou estimulação tátil-térmica-gustativa para tratamento da DO e tiveram seu efeito medido a partir de exames, escalas ou avaliação clínica. A revisão foi conduzida de forma cega e independente por dois pesquisadores, e um terceiro foi consultado em casos de divergências. Resultados Três estudos foram incluídos. Nenhum deles abordou um protocolo individual de ETG, e todos apresentaram protocolo de ETT. Os objetivos e os testes de avaliação de cada estudo foram distintos, apresentando diversas perspectivas acerca da ETT na DO; houve uniformidade na apresentação dos protocolos aplicados, frequência e materiais utilizados para a terapia. Conclusão Os estudos mapearam o efeito da ETT a partir de diferentes desenhos metodológicos e medidas específicas; não foram encontrados artigos que avaliassem ETG isolada ou associada à outra técnica.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Purpose To map in the literature the effects of tactile, thermal and/or gustatory stimulation on oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) post-stroke. Methods This scoping review was conducted following the recommendations of PRISMA- ScR and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), registered on the Open Science Framework and developed without language or publication period restrictions. Different databases and grey literature were used for article selection, and the PCC mnemonics constructed the research question ad eligibility criteria, thus including clinical studies involving adults (over 18 years old) diagnosed with OD post-stroke, who received tactile-thermal (TTS) and/or taste-gustatory (TGS) and/or tactile-thermal-gustatory stimulation for treatment, and had their effect measured through examinations, scales, or clinical assessment. The review was conducted blindly and independently by two researchers, and a third was consulted in cases of disagreements. Results Three studies were included. None of them addressed an individual TGS protocol, and all presented a TTS protocol. The objectives and evaluation tests of each study were distinct, providing different perspectives about TGS in OD; there was uniformity in the presentation of the applied protocols, frequency, and materials used for therapy. Conclusion The studies mapped the effect of TTS from different methodological designs and specific measures; no articles were found that evaluated isolated TGS associated with another technique.