ANATOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THORACIC KYPHOSIS AND LUMBAR LORDOSIS

Measurements were performed on lateral radiographs of 10 adults of both sexes without spinal disease or deformity. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured using anatomical parameters (T1-T12, T4-T12, T5-T12 and L1-S1) or dynamic parameters (cervicothoracic or thoracolumbar inflection point).

Results:

Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were different in 30% of subjects. Differences in thoracic kyphosis values were observed according to the anatomical reference used for measurement. Lumbar lordosis wasn`t statistical difference considering the anatomical or dynamic reference, but in 30% of the individuals the inflection point was different from the anatomical reference.

Conclusions:

Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis values differ according to anatomical and dynamic references. The reference used must be considered in the measurement and interpretation of values. Level of evidence IV; Case series.

Keywords:
Adult; Kyphosis; Spine; Lordosis; References Parameters; Anatomic Landmarks

Patient	Sex	Age	Proximal Inflection Point	Distal Inflection Point	Kyphosis Inflection	T1-T12 Kyphosis	T4-T12 Kyphosis	T5-T12 Kyphosis	Lordosis inflection	L1-S1 Lordosis
1	M	42	C7-T1	T12-L1	56.2	56.2	46.1	37.8	46.1	46.1
2	F	36	T2-T3	T12-L1	59.2	53.4	55.8	56.9	72.9	72.9
3	F	57	C7-T1	L1-L2	49.6	46.8	32.1	30.7	57.5	54.8
4	F	23	C7-T1	T12-L1	39.3	39.3	37.4	34.1	61.5	61.5
5	F	19	T1-T2	T12-L1	32.4	32.5	28	18	42.4	42.4
6	M	28	C7-T1	T12-L1	36.3	36.3	39.4	33.6	49.5	49.5
7	F	21	C7-T1	T12-L1	39.9	39.9	34.2	32.7	56.9	56.9
8	F	64	C7-T1	T11-T12	32..1	29.8	35.2	30.3	47.2	45.7
9	F	71	T1-T2	T11-T12	52.3	53.5	43.4	36.6	61.5	60.5
10	M	61	C7-T1	T12-L1	60.3	60.3	47.1	40.7	45.8	45.8

	Inflection	T1-T12	T4-T12	T5-T12
Number	10	10	10	10
Minimum value	32.10	29.80	28.00	18.00
Maximum value	60.30	60.30	55.80	56.90
Variance	28.20	30.50	27.80	38.90
Mean	45.76	44.80	39.87	35.14
Standard Deviation	11.00	10.68	8.292	9.775
Standard error of the mean	3.479	3.377	2.622	3.091
Minimum CI value of the mean (95%)	37.89	37.16	33.94	28.15
Maximum CI value of the mean (95%)	53.63	52.44	45.80	42.13
Coefficient of variation	24.04%	23.84%	20.80%	27.82%

	Inflection	L1-S1
Number	10	10
Minimum value	42.40	42.40
Maximum value	72.90	72.90
Variance	30.50	30.50
Mean	54.13	53.61
Standard Deviation	9.550	9.525
Standard error of the mean	3.020	3.012
Minimum CI value of the mean (95%)	47.30	46.80
Maximum CI value of the mean (95%)	60.96	60.42
Coefficient of variation	17.64%	17.77%

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E-mail: coluna.columna@uol.com.br

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[1] Correspondence: Robert Meves. Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 11 2 - Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 01221-010. robertmeves@hotmail.com