ERSHAD N. et al.77 Ershad N, Kahrizi S, Abadi MF, Zadeh SF. Evaluation of trunk muscle activity in chronic low back pain patients and healthy individuals during holding loads. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2009;22(3):165-72. doi: 10.3233/BMR-2009-0230. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-2009-0230...
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The subjectheld a box at three levels: 0 kg (holding a 370-g paper boxalmost considered as 0 kg), 6 kg, and 12 kg (holding a wooden box). The functional tasks were holding loads at two different trunk posture levels and three levels of external loads. |
Activation of the internal oblique in patients with chronic low back pain is lower than in healthy individuals while bearing loads of 6 and 12 kg in the neutral trunk position. The chronic low back pain group had significantly greater external oblique muscle activation during the 12 kg loading on the flexed trunk than the control group. There were no significant differences in the activation of the erector spinae and multifidus muscles between patients with chronic low back pain and control groups. |
LOMOND KV. et al.88 Lomond KV, Jacobs JV, Hitt JR, DeSarno MJ, Bunn JY, Henry SM. Effects of low back pain stabilization or movement system impairment treatments on voluntary postural adjustments: a randomized controlled trial. Spine J. 2015;15(4):596-606. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.10.020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2014.10...
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The individuals rested each foot on separate force plates while they were in dorsal decubitus and performed 4 repetitions of 2 voluntary movements of the left leg: a leg raise with support (SLR) and a leg raise without support (ULR). |
During the MOVE phase, individuals with low back pain demonstrated greater muscle activation of the bilateral external oblique, erector spinae, internal oblique, and the rectus abdominis muscles than the individuals without pain. |
LIMA M. et al.99 Lima M, Ferreira AS, Reis FJJ, Paes V, Meziat-Filho N. Chronic low back pain and back muscle activity during functional tasks. Gait Posture. Vol. 61 n250-256. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018....
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To perform five functional tasks: pick an object up off the floor, place an object on the floor, sit down, get up, and walk up the stairs. The tasks were repeated three times. |
Greater electromyographic activity was observed in patients with chronic low back pain, except for the multifidus muscle during the task of picking a ball up off the ground. |
KIM S. HYUN et al.1010 Kim SH, Kwon OY, Park KN, Kim MH. Comparison of erector spinae and hamstring muscle activities and lumbar motion during standing knee flexion in subjects with and without lumbar extension rotation syndrome. J ElectromyogrKinesiol. 2013;23(6):1311-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.07.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.0...
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The subject lifted the foot and flexed the knee at 90°. Then the subject was asked to maintain the knee flexion posture for 5seconds. The test was repeated 3 times. |
Individuals with lumbar extension rotation syndrome had less electromyographicactivity of the contralateral erector spinae during standing knee flexion. |
FINNERAN MT. et al.1111 Finneran MT, Mazanec D, Marsolais ME, Marsolais EB, Pease WS. Large-array surface electromyography in low back pain: a pilot study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28(13):1447-54. doi: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000067565.16832.B9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.000006756...
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The flexion position required the participant to stand up with the feet shoulder-width apart with trunk flexion of 20°.Theweighted position required the participant to remain in a vertical position holding two 3-pound weights, one in each hand. |
The control population demonstrated symmetrical lumbar muscle function, while those with back pain did not. |
BALASUBRAMANIAN V, JAYARAMAN S.1212 Balasubramanian V, Jayaraman S. Surface EMG based muscle activity analysis for aerobic cyclist. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2009;13(1):34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.03.002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.03.0...
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The subjects rode an aerobic bicycle and were instructed to maintain a comfortable posturewhile cycling at an average speed of 25-30 km/h for 30 minutes. |
There was no statistical difference observed between the groups. |
LARIVIÈRE C. et al.1313 Larivière C, Gagnon D, Arsenault AB, Gravel D, Loisel P. Electromyographic activity imbalances between contralateral back muscles: An assessment of measurement properties. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2005;42(2):235-50. doi: 10.1682/jrrd.2004.01.0008. https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2004.01.000...
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The subject performed static extension efforts using L5/S1 in real time with visual feedback. |
Healthy individuals had lower absolute mean square root values than individuals with chronic low back pain. |
HEALEY EL. et al. 1414 Healey EL, Fowler NE, Burden AM, McEwan IM. The influence of different unloading positions upon stature recovery and paraspinal muscle activity. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2005;20(4):365-71. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.11.003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.20...
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Subjects walked at a self-selected rhythm on a treadmill for 20 minutes wearing a weighted vest (10% of body mass). |
No significant difference was found between the right and left erector spinae muscle activity (normalized) in any group at the start or during recovery. The activity of the paraspinal muscle was greater in the chronic low back pain group at the beginning of the study and during all four recovery periods. |