TEACHER WELL-BEING SCALE (EBED): DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION

The objective of the article is to present the process of construction and validation of the Teacher Well-being Scale (Ebed). It is an instrument developed to identify the factors that contribute to teachers’ well-being with their work. Composed of 37 variables of the objective dimension of the work (socioeconomic, relational, labor activity and infrastructure), was applied in 353 Basic Education teachers who evaluated these items as to the degree of satisfaction/dissatisfaction they provide. The analyzes, performed with Pearson’s Correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), show that all variables have a positive and significant correlation with the “Happy” variable (self-perception of teacher happiness with work), contributing and can be validated to measure teacher well-being.

TEACHERS; WELL-BEING; PROFESSIONAL SATISFACTION; MEASURING INSTRUMENT

Authorship

Flavinês Rebolo

Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande (MS), Brazil; flavines.rebolo@uol.com.br Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande (MS), Brazil; flavines.rebolo@uol.com.br Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande (MS), Brazil; flavines.rebolo@uol.com.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4763-7434

Michel Constantino

Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande (MS), Brazil; michel@ucdb.br Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande (MS), Brazil; michel@ucdb.br Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande (MS), Brazil; michel@ucdb.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-0209

TRANSLATED BY Ana Luiza Lapo ^III https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-5509

III
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.

NOTE ON AUTHORSHIP

Flavinês Rebolo: conception and scale construction, production and pre-analysis of empiric data, result discussions, writing and text review. Michel Constantino: statistical treatment and analysis, result discussions, writing and text review.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (7)
Tables (7)

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FIGURE 1
SUMMARY OF THE MODEL POSITED BY REBOLO TO THE TEACHER WELL-BEING / MALAISE ANALYSIS

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FIGURE 2
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF THE VARIABLES OF THE INFRASTRUCTURAL ITEM AND ITS CONTRIBUTIONS

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FIGURE 3
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS AND THE VARIABLES OF THE LABOR ACTIVITY ITEM

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FIGURE 4
GRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF THE VARIABLES OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC ITEM

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FIGURE 5
GRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS AND OF THE VARIABLES OF THE RELATIONSHIP ITEM

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CHART 2
TEACHER WELL-BEING SCALE (EBED) - COMPLETE VERSION

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CHART 3
TEACHER WELL-BEING SCALE (EBED) - SUMMARIZED VERSION

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CHART 1
VARIABLES FROM THE FOUR LABOR ITEMS INCLUDED IN THE EBED

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TABLE 1
PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS REGARDING THE VARIABLES OF THE INFRASTRUCTURAL ITEM OF THE OBJECTIVE WORK DIMENSION AND THE “HAPPY” VARIABLE

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TABLE 2
PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS REGARDING VARIABLES OF THE LABOR ACTIVITY ITEM OF THE OBJECTIVE WORK DIMENSION AND THE “HAPPY” VARIABLE

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TABLE 3
PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS REGARDING THE VARIABLES OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC ITEMS IN THE OBJECTIVE WORK DIMENSION AND THE “HAPPY” VARIABLE

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TABLE 4
PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS REGARDING THE VARIABLES OF THE RELATIONSHIP ITEM OF THE OBJECTIVE WORK DIMENSION AND THE “HAPPY” VARIABLE

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TABLE 5
PCA RESULTS - INFRASTRUCTURAL ITEM

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TABLE 6
PCA RESULTS - LABOR ACTIVITY ITEM

FIGURE 1 SUMMARY OF THE MODEL POSITED BY REBOLO TO THE TEACHER WELL-BEING / MALAISE ANALYSIS

Source: Rebolo (2012bREBOLO, Flavinês. Fontes e dinâmicas do bem-estar docente: os quatro componentes de um trabalho felicitário. In: REBOLO, F.; TEIXEIRA, L. R. M.; PERRELLI, M. A. de S. (org.). Docência em questão: discutindo trabalho e formação. Campinas, SP: Mercado de Letras, 2012b., p. 33).

FIGURE 2 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF THE VARIABLES OF THE INFRASTRUCTURAL ITEM AND ITS CONTRIBUTIONS

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

FIGURE 3 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS AND THE VARIABLES OF THE LABOR ACTIVITY ITEM

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

FIGURE 4 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF THE VARIABLES OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC ITEM

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

FIGURE 5 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS AND OF THE VARIABLES OF THE RELATIONSHIP ITEM

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

CHART 2 TEACHER WELL-BEING SCALE (EBED) - COMPLETE VERSION

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

CHART 3 TEACHER WELL-BEING SCALE (EBED) - SUMMARIZED VERSION

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

CHART 1 VARIABLES FROM THE FOUR LABOR ITEMS INCLUDED IN THE EBED

Labor Items	Definition	Corresponding Variables*
Infrastructural	Regards the material and/or environmental conditions in which the work is performed.	(4 variables) (02) Cleanliness/comfort in the work environment; (03) Safety in the work environment; (04) Pedagogical tools / equipment / materials; (05) Adequate facilities and general infrastructural conditions.
Labor Activity	Regards the sum of tasks which the teaching labor comprises and the specificities of said tasks.	(5 variables) (06) Relatability to the accomplished tasks; (07) Pace of work; (08) Task diversity; (12) Autonomy; (13) Use of creativity;
Socioeconomic	Regards the social and economic aspects that affect the teacher directly.	(16 variables) (01) Work hours; (09) Salary; (10) Variable Salary (bonuses, gratifications, overtime, etc.); (11) Proceeds (material and non-material); (17) Acquired rights; (19) Predictable hours; (20) Free time for leisure and family; (23) Work stability; (24) Career plan; (25) Professional development / trainings / continuous education; (30) Knowledge of the school’s goals; (33) Relatability to the social education goals; (34) Internal image of the school and the educational system; (35) Public image of the school and the educational system; (36) School’s social/communal responsabilities; (37) Students’ level of interest.
Relationship	Regards how the labor is managed, namely entails the interpersonal relationships in the school institution.	(12 variables) (14) Freedom of expression; (15) Repercussion/acceptance of the teachers’ ideas; (16) Collective work / groups of work / experiences exchange; (18) Privacy / preserved personal life; (21) Interpersonal relationships in the work environment; (22) Recognition of the accomplished work / feedback; (26) Absence of prejudices; (27) Treatment equality; (28) Hierarchical relationships; (29) Socio-emotional support; (31) Participation in the decisions regarding goals/objectives/strategies; (32) Data flux/Means of communication.

Source: Developed by the authors based on Rebolo (2012bREBOLO, Flavinês. Fontes e dinâmicas do bem-estar docente: os quatro componentes de um trabalho felicitário. In: REBOLO, F.; TEIXEIRA, L. R. M.; PERRELLI, M. A. de S. (org.). Docência em questão: discutindo trabalho e formação. Campinas, SP: Mercado de Letras, 2012b.).
*The numbers to the left of the variables correspond to the order in which said variables are presented in the Scale.

TABLE 1 PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS REGARDING THE VARIABLES OF THE INFRASTRUCTURAL ITEM OF THE OBJECTIVE WORK DIMENSION AND THE “HAPPY” VARIABLE

Variables: Infrastructual item	03	04	05	Happy
(02) Cleanliness/comfort in the work environment	,64	,49	,56	,38
(03) Safety in the work environment		,54	,44	,29
(04) Pedagogical tools / equipment / materials			,75	,23
(05) Adequate facilities and general infrastructural conditions				,21

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

TABLE 2 PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS REGARDING VARIABLES OF THE LABOR ACTIVITY ITEM OF THE OBJECTIVE WORK DIMENSION AND THE “HAPPY” VARIABLE

Variables: Labor Activity item	07	08	12	13	Happy
(06) Relatability to the accomplished tasks	,71	,72	,61	,60	,36
(07) Pace of work		,72	,52	,57	,42
(08) Task diversity			,55	,59	,27
(12) Autonomy				,71	,42
(13) Use of creativity					,41

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

TABLE 3 PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS REGARDING THE VARIABLES OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC ITEMS IN THE OBJECTIVE WORK DIMENSION AND THE “HAPPY” VARIABLE

Variables: Socioeconomic item	9	10	11	17	19	20	23	24	25	30	33	34	35	36	37	Happy
(01) Working hours	,33	,45	,25	,05	,44	,57	,07	,31	,34	,44	,55	,48	,43	,38	,38	,43
(09) Salary		,57	,74	,40	,17	,24	,19	,37	,57	,20	,29	,37	,36	,34	,31	,33
(10) Variable salary			,65	,17	,35	,42	,23	,41	,36	,33	,30	,24	,24	,25	,28	,37
(11) Proceedings				,44	,11	,16	,26	,43	,54	,17	,24	,40	,36	,41	,36	,26
(17) Acquired rights					,11	,07	,26	,39	,42	,08	,09	,17	,19	,27	,09	,06
(19) Predictable hours						,42	,20	,24	,18	,38	,33	,24	,38	,31	,24	,36
(20) Free time							,15	,31	,22	,45	,37	,30	,26	,26	,22	,36
(23) Stability								,47	,30	,31	,17	,07	17	,19	,10	,02
(24) Career plan									,56	,33	,32	,19	,24	,20	,30	,17
(25) Trainings										,32	,31	,42	,38	,40	,30	,20
(30) Goals											,52	,46	,40	,40	,22	,40
(33) Relatability / social goals												,67	,61	,51	,52	,40
(34) Internal image													,78	,70	,58	,42
(35) External image														,72	,64	,36
(36) Responsibilities															,55	,27
(37) Students’ interest																,25

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

TABLE 4 PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS REGARDING THE VARIABLES OF THE RELATIONSHIP ITEM OF THE OBJECTIVE WORK DIMENSION AND THE “HAPPY” VARIABLE

Variáveis: item Relacional	15	16	18	21	22	26	27	28	29	31	32	Happy
(14) Freedom of expression	,71	,42	,40	,48	,55	,46	,49	,56	,45	,48	,45	,42
(15) Acceptance of one’s ideas		,57	,47	,42	,50	,55	,57	,58	,60	,62	,62	,42
(16) Collective work			,21	,45	,49	,43	,48	,36	,46	,65	,70	,35
(18) Privacy				,36	,42	,34	,42	,46	,47	,26	,27	,48
(21) Interpersonal relationships					,61	,41	,55	,51	,36	,41	,30	,30
(22) Recognition of work accomplishments						,56	,68	,64	,60	,56	,50	,38
(26) Absence of prejudices							,75	,69	,62	,58	,51	,36
(27) Treatment equality								,82	,75	,60	,57	,39
(28) Hierarchical relationships									,77	,62	,51	,40
(29) Socio-emotional support										,58	,56	,44
(31) Participation in the decision about goals											,83	,31
(32) Data flux												,25

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

TABLE 5 PCA RESULTS - INFRASTRUCTURAL ITEM

	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
Standard deviation	1,6471	0,8249	0,6387	0,4458
Fluctuation rate	0,6782	0,1701	0,1020	0,0497
Cumulative rate	0,6782	0,8483	0,9503	1,0000

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

TABLE 6 PCA RESULTS - LABOR ACTIVITY ITEM

	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
Standard Deviation	1,8764	0,7936	0,5644	0,5292	0,5008
Fluctuation rate	0,7042	0,1260	0,0637	0,0560	0,0502
Cumulative rate	0,7042	0,8301	0,8938	0,9498	1,0000

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

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TEACHER WELL-BEING SCALE (EBED): DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION

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[1] TRANSLATED BY Ana Luiza Lapo ^III https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-5509