FACTEURS ASSOCIÉS À LA MOBILITÉ DES ENSEIGNANTS DANS LA COMMUNE DE RIO DE JANEIRO

La modalité de répartition des enseignants entre les écoles est une question pertinente pour l’étude des inégalités et des chances éducatives. L’objectif de ce travail a été d’identifier les caractéristiques des professeurs et des écoles qui influent sur la mobilité des enseignants. La recherche a suivi les mutations d’enseignants ayant pris poste dans la commune de Rio de Janeiro entre 2009 et 2011.Des régressions logistiques ont été effectuées pour évaluer la probabilité de changement d’école. Le résultat le plus important concerne le rapport entre le nombre de fois qu’une école a gagné le Prêmio Anual de Desempenho (Prix Annuel Récompensant la Performance Scolaire) et l’impact important que ce fait représente sur les chances de mobilité, indiquant que la politique visant à améliorer l’apprentissage des élèves ne faisait qu’aggraver les inégalités du système éducatif.

ENSEIGNANTS; ÉCOLES; MOBILITÉ; OPPORTUNITÉS ÉDUCATIVES

Authorship

Karina Carrasqueira

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil; klcarrasqueira@gmail.comPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil; klcarrasqueira@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6699-7814

Mariane Campelo Koslinski

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil; mckoslinski@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil; mckoslinski@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9644-5041

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NOTE

This article is a deployment of Karina Carrasqueira’s doctoral thesis, with the supervision by Mariane C. Koslinski. Both authors participated in the elaboration of all parts of the article.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (3)
Tables (5)

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FIGURE 1
PROPORTION OF TEACHERS BY NUMBER OF TRANSFERS IN THE ANALYZED PERIOD

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FIGURE 2
PROPORTIONS OF TEACHERS WHO MOVED FROM ONE SCHOOL TO ANOTHER PER YEAR, CONTROLLING FOR THE YEAR OF ADMISSION

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FIGURE 3
PREDICTED PROBABILITIES OF MOVE FROM ONE SCHOOL TO ANOTHER IN RELATION TO THE NUMBER OF TIMES THE SCHOOL HAS WON THE ANNUAL PERFORMANCE AWARD.

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CHART 1
SUMMARY OF THE VARIABLES OF THE ANALYSIS OF TEACHER MOBILITY

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TABLE 1
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

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TABLE 2
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES USED IN THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS THAT REFER TO TEACHERS’ CHARACTERISTICS

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TABLE 3
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF VARIABLES INDEPENDENT OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST SCHOOL

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TABLE 4
ESTIMATES (AND ODDS) OF THE FOUR LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS PRODUCED TO ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF THE TEACHER MOVING FROM ONE SCHOOL TO ANOTHER

FIGURE 1 PROPORTION OF TEACHERS BY NUMBER OF TRANSFERS IN THE ANALYZED PERIOD

Source: Authors’ elaboration based on Magister data.

FIGURE 2 PROPORTIONS OF TEACHERS WHO MOVED FROM ONE SCHOOL TO ANOTHER PER YEAR, CONTROLLING FOR THE YEAR OF ADMISSION

Source: Authors’ elaboration based on Magister data.

FIGURE 3 PREDICTED PROBABILITIES OF MOVE FROM ONE SCHOOL TO ANOTHER IN RELATION TO THE NUMBER OF TIMES THE SCHOOL HAS WON THE ANNUAL PERFORMANCE AWARD.

Source: SME. The author, 2018.

CHART 1 SUMMARY OF THE VARIABLES OF THE ANALYSIS OF TEACHER MOBILITY

VARIABLE	VARIABLE DESCRIPTION	FORMAT	SOURCE
DEPENDENT
Moved from one school to another	If the teacher moved from one school to another (1 = Moved, 0 = Not moved)	Nominal categorical	Magister
INDEPENDENT
TEACHER’S CHARACTERISTICS
Age	Teacher’s age at the date of admission	Discrete numerical	School Census
Education Level	Teacher’s education level (1 = Higher education, 0 = High school)	Nominal categorical	Magister
Gender	Teacher’s gender (1 = Female, 0 = Male)	Nominal categorical	School Census
SCHOOL’S CHARACTERISTICS
Socioeconomic Status Index (SESI)	Indicator	Continuous numerical	AMS
Management Complexity Index (MCI)	Indicator	Continuous numerical	School Census
Basic Education Development Index (IDEB)	School’s IDEB for the early years	Continuous numerical	INEP
Annual Performance Award (PAD)	How many times the school won the PAD	Discrete numerical	SME

Source: Author’s elaboration.

TABLE 1 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

MOVED FROM ONE SCHOOL TO ANOTHER	N	%
Yes	2.223	62,0
No	1.130	31,0
Left system without switch schools (1)	241	7,0
Total	3.594	100,0

(1) Excluded from the mobility analyses.
Source: Authors’ elaboration based on Magister data.

TABLE 2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES USED IN THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS THAT REFER TO TEACHERS’ CHARACTERISTICS

			N	%	VALID %
Gender	Male		92	2,6	2,6
	Female		3.498	97,3	97,4
	Total valid		3.590	99,9	100
	Missing		4	0,1
	Total		3.594	100
Educational Level	High School		1.130	31,4	31,5
	Higher education and graduate		2.461	68,5	68,5
	Total valid		3.591	99,9	100
	Missing		3	0,1
	Total		3.594	100
	N	MINIMUM	MAXIMUM	MEAN	STD. DEVIATION
Age	3223	19	91	34,8	9,22

Source: Authors’ elaboration based on Magister data and School Census 2012.

TABLE 3 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF VARIABLES INDEPENDENT OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST SCHOOL

	N	MINIMUM	MAXIMUM	MEAN STD.	DEVIATION
Socioeconomic Status Index (SESI)	3.352	-3,04	2,99	-0,34	0,86
Management Complexity Index (MCI)	3.352	-1,98	3,01	0,72	0,85
IDEB	3.346	1,3	8,7	5,33	0,77
Annual Performance Award (PAD)	2.834	0	7	1,72	1,31

Source: Authors’ elaboration based on Magister data.

TABLE 4 ESTIMATES (AND ODDS) OF THE FOUR LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS PRODUCED TO ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF THE TEACHER MOVING FROM ONE SCHOOL TO ANOTHER

	MOBILITY ANALYSIS (1)
	MODEL 1	MODEL 2	MODEL 3	MODEL 4
TEACHER’S CHARACTERISTICS
Gender: female	-0,335		-0,365	-0,27
Gender: female	(0,715)		(0,694)	(0,763)
Education level: higher education	0,114		0,109	0,147
Education level: higher education	(1,121)		(1,115)	(1,158)
Age in years	-0,023**		-0,023**	-0,025**
Age in years	(0,977)		(0,977)	(0,976)
SCHOOL’S CHARACTERISTICS
Socioeconomic Status Index		-0,384**	-0,379**	-0,465**
Socioeconomic Status Index		(0,681)	(0,685)	(0,628)
Management Complexity Index		-0,135*	-0,164**	-0,295**
Management Complexity Index		(0,874)	(0,849)	(0,745)
Annual Performance Award (PAD)		-0,801**	-0,792**	-0,866**
Annual Performance Award (PAD)		(0,449)	(0,453)	(0,420)
IDEB				0,125
IDEB				(1,133)
Constant	1,791**	2,163**	3,313**	2,869**
Number of valid cases	2.996	3.346	2.990	2.519

(1) The value outside parentheses is the estimation of the Beta (log of odds). The value in parentheses is the exponential of the Beta (odds).
** Significant at 1%; * significant at 5%.
Source: Authors’ elaboration based on SME-RJ data.

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FACTEURS ASSOCIÉS À LA MOBILITÉ DES ENSEIGNANTS DANS LA COMMUNE DE RIO DE JANEIRO

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[1] TRANSLATED BY Editage^III