The article aims to analyze the relationship between the State and the Education during the Protestant Reformation in 16th century, focusing actions of Martin Luther. In a context in which education was organized and maintained only by the Church, Luther proposes changes both in regard to the holding of an educational system, and the principles and basement that should conduct this educational system, supporting that it should be every people, mandatory attending and sustained by the State. And it is the State's role that Luther attributes to the educational system is the kernel of this work, through analyzes of the Luther formation of the "State" concept, considering the period when the analysis was taken as well as the approach the authorities had with the underlying subject, highlighting the contributions he brought to make the educational system as a State duty and a right for all the citizens.
State and education; right to education; Lutero; Martinho; protestantism