This is an introductory article in the discussion of the emergence of a sociology of childhood, which seeks to contemplate the evolution of the object and the perspective of analysis recorded in the 90s; it focuses on French language production. The text presents and discusses the different elements and main issues that result from the emergence of the field, seeking to put them in synergy starting with the retaking of the proposals of the authors invited to participate in issues 2 and 3 of Éducation et Societés magazine dedicated to the theme.