SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY AND STRESS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Deffaveri, Maiko; Méa, Cristina Pilla Della; Ferreira, Vinícius Renato Thomé

doi:10.1590/198053146952

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ARTICLES • Cad. Pesqui. 50 (177) • Jul-Sep 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/198053146952 copy

SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY AND STRESS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Education in Brazil has been facing constant changes and teachers are being affected by psychological symptoms that cause suffering and harm. This study aimed to identify symptoms of anxiety and stress in elementary school teachers. This is a cross-sectional quantitative research, with a sample of 200 teachers from a city of Rio Grande do Sul State, divided into three groups according to their practice: public, private, and both (public/private). The instruments used were: sociodemographic and health questionnaire, LIS-A, LIS-E, and DASS-21. Higher anxiety scores were found in teachers who work in both schools, and stress symptoms were higher in the public school teachers.

ANXIETY; STRESS; TEACHERS; BASIC EDUCATION

		Public		Private		Public/Private
Category	Variable	n	%	n	%	n	%
Education level	Incomplete High School	6	85.7%	1	14.3%	0	0%
	Complete High School	17	31.5%	34	63%	3	5.6%
	Specialization	59	53.6%	35	31.8%	16	14.5%
	Master	10	35.7%	14	50%	4	14.3%
	PhD / Post-doctoral	0	0%	0	0%	1	100%
Family income	Between R$ 0 and R$ 1.908.00	5	55.6%	4	44.4%	0	0%
	Between R$ 1.908.01 and R$ 2.862.00	5	25%	13	65%	2	10%
	Between R$ 2.862.01 and R$ 5.724.00	45	51.1%	31	35.2%	12	13.6%
	Between R$ 5.724.01 and R$ 9.540.00	28	51.9%	20	37%	6	11.1%
	Between R$ 9.540.01 and R$ 14.310.00	8	32%	15	60%	2	8%
	Above R$ 14.310.00	1	25%	1	25%	2	50%
Practice field	Primary school (PS)	12	40%	17	56.7%	1	3.3%
	Elementary school (ES) first years	33	55.9%	21	35.6%	5	8.5%
	Elementary school (ES) final years	19	70.4%	6	22.2%	2	7.4%
	High School (HS)	3	25%	6	50%	3	25%
	PS and ES first years	9	45%	8	40%	3	15%
	ES final years and HS	16	36.4%	19	43.2%	9	20.5%
	All the fields	0	0%	7	87.5%	1	12.%
Weekly load per hour	Up to 10 hours	1	20%	4	80%	0	0%
	11 to 20 hours	20	64.5%	11	35.5%	0	0%
	21 to 30 hours	8	17%	33	70.2%	6	12.8%
	31 to 40 hours	52	63.4%	26	31.7%	4	4.9%
	More than 41 hours	11	31.4%	10	28.6%	14	40%
Out-of-class time dedicated to school activities	Up to 2 hours	25	44.6%	27	48.2%	4	7.1%
	3 to 5 hours	47	50%	32	34%	15	16%
	6 to 8 hours	17	53.1%	13	40.6%	2	6.2%
	More than 9 hours	3	16.7%	12	66.7%	3	16.7%
Teaching time	1 to 5 years	13	31%	26	61.9%	3	7.1%
	6 to 10 years	26	43.3%	27	45%	7	11.7%
	11 to 15 years	34	50%	24	35.3%	10	14.7%
	16 to 25 years	19	63.3%	7	23.3%	4	13.3%

	Total		Public		Private		Public/Private		Kruskal-Wallis
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	H	p
LIS-A	21.18	12.34	22.16	12.80	19.12	13.41	24.63	13.41	4.87	0.09
DASS-A	6.11	7.14	6.52	7.14	5.33	9.15	7.25	9.15	2.26	0.32
LIS-E	21.60	14.23	24.51	15.15	18.46	11.76	21.42	16.60	7.34	0.03
DASS-E	13.44	8.12	15.02	8.56	11.31	3.51	14.83	8.65	8.71	0.01
Total DASS	26.76	21.19	30.50	22.36	21.88	25.28	29.50	25.28	7.72	0.02

			LIS-A	DASS-A	LIS-E	DASS-E	Total DASS
Physical activity	Yes	M	19.85	5.04	19.24	12.17	23.59
	Yes	SD	12.00	6.64	12.99	7.62	19.27
	No	M	23.06	7.61	24.93	15.23	31.23
	No	SD	12.64	7.58	15.29	8.52	23.02
	Mann-Whitney	U	4129	3705.5	3722.5	3698.5	3780.5
	Mann-Whitney	p	0.071	0.004	0.005	0.004	0.008
Health problem	Yes	M	24.77	7.18	25.43	14.26	30.69
	Yes	SD	11.90	7.02	14.61	7.35	22
	No	M	19.6	5.64	19.92	13.08	25.04
	No	SD	12.241	7.16	13.791	8.44	20.68
	Mann-Whitney	U	3050.5	3448	3205.5	3783.5	3411.5
	Mann-Whitney	p	0.002	0.033	0.006	0.224	0.028
Withdrawal from work due to a psychiatric condition	Yes	M	29.6	11.2	29.73	15.47	37.73
	Yes	SD	17.054	11.706	21.694	11.07	33.1
	No	M	20.5	5.7	20.94	13.28	25.87
	No	SD	11.68	6.51	13.33	7.86	19.79
	Mann-Whitney	U	914.5	1028.5	1082.5	1258	1131
	Mann-Whitney	p	0.028	0.09	0.157	0.546	0.234
Anxiety crisis	Yes	M	27.57	8.89	27.32	16.16	35.05
	Yes	SD	13.002	8.34	15.239	8.52	23.94
	No	M	16.16	3.93	17.11	11.30	20.25
	No	SD	9.10	5.09	11.62	7.14	16.08
	Mann-Whitney	U	2286.5	2997	2859.5	3217.5	2954
	Mann-Whitney	p	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Psychiatric medication	Yes	M	27.14	9.93	27.62	15.93	37.79
	Yes	SD	12.04	8.64	15.69	8.29	25.76
	No	M	20.17	5.46	20.58	13.02	24.89
	No	SD	12.14	6.66	13.76	8.05	19.8
	Mann-Whitney	U	1607.5	1678.5	1777	1882.5	1715.5
	Mann-Whitney	p	0.002	0.005	0.015	0.038	0.008
Psychotherapy	Yes	M	26.11	9.68	28.53	17.89	40.0
	Yes	SD	15.61	9.98	17.27	9.72	26.84
	No	M	19.41	5.14	19.22	12.34	23.37
	No	SD	11.18	6.37	13.03	7.62	18.99
	Have already done it at some point	M	26.06	8.29	28.00	15.71	34.00
	Have already done it at some point	SD	13.42	7.55	14.60	8.21	22.68
	Mann-Whitney	U p	10.33 0.006	10.50 0.005	14.67 0.001	10.40 0.006	12.57 0.002

	Age	Teaching time	School workload	Out-of-class time dedicated to school activities	Psychiatric treatment duration	Total LIS-A	Total LIS-E	DASS anxiety	DASS stress
Teaching time	0,713**	1
School workload	0,529**	0,536**	1
Out-of-class time dedicated to school activities	0,073	0,215**	0,150*	1
Psychiatric treatment duration	0,475	0,365	0,546*	0,159	1
Total LIS-A	-0,081	-0,089	0,01	0,023	-0,121	1
Total LIS-E	-0,004	-0,067	0,078	0,032	-0,149	0,788**	1
DASS anxiety	-0,017	-0,038	0,002	0,059	-0,344	0,656**	0,653**	1
DASS stress	-0,022	-0,039	0,062	0,019	-0,398	0,616**	0,685**	0,660**	1
Total DASS	-0,009	-0,039	0,057	0,02	-0,325	0,686**	0,730**	0,850**	0,899**

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[1] TRANSLATED BY Manuela Polidoro Lima^IV