Microbial activity in soil with onion grown in a no-tillage system with single or intercropped cover crops

Souza, Monique; Vargas, Mónica María Machado; Ventura, Bárbara Santos; Müller Júnior, Vilmar; Soares, Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa; Kurtz, Claudinei; Comin, Jucinei José; Lovato, Paulo Emílio

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20190849

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SOIL SCIENCE • Cienc. Rural 50 (12) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190849 copy

Microbial activity in soil with onion grown in a no-tillage system with single or intercropped cover crops

Atividade microbiana em solo com cebola cultivada em sistema de plantio direto com plantas de cobertura solteiras ou consorciadas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Microbial biomass is a driving force in the dynamics of soil organic matter, and microbial activity is an indicator of soil quality in agroecosystems, reflecting changes in management practices and environmental conditions. We evaluated the effect of monoculture and intercropped winter cover crops on soil chemical attributes, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO₂), urease, β-glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis activity, as well as onion yield in a no-tillage system. Soil is a Typic Humudept, and treatments were control with spontaneous vegetation, barley, rye, oilseed radish (OR), OR + rye, and OR + barley. The soil was sampled (0-10 cm) five times between June and December. There were no differences among treatments for MBC and BR, and the highest values for those attributes occurred in June, when cover plants were in their initial stage. Although, qCO₂ was not affected by any treatment, it varied among sampling periods, ranging from 0.62 to 10 µg C-CO₂ mg-1 MBC h-1, indicating a low- or no stress environment. Cover crops had little influence on enzyme activity, but FDA was lowered in areas with single crops of barley and rye. Average onion yield in cover crops treatments was 13.01 (Mg ha-1), 30-40% higher than in the control treatment.

Key words:
biological activity; cover crops; green manure; Allium cepa L

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: paulo.lovato@ufsc.br. ^*Corresponding author

Cover crop	Organic matter	pH_H2O	P	K	CEC_pH7.0	Mg	Ca	S	V	Onion yield
	g Kg^-1		-----mg dm^-3------		-------------cmol_c dm^-3-------------				%	Mg ha^-1
Control	36.4a^*	5.7a	60.6a	437c	14.5a	3.0a	5.6a	9.7a	66.3b	9.6 b
Barley	36.6a	5.6a	64.0a	395d	14.2a	2.9a	5.4a	9.3b	65.4b	12.8 a
Rye	36.8a	5.7a	62.7a	461b	14.7a	3.0a	5.8a	9.9a	67.2b	12.5 a
Oilseed	36.9a	5.8a	66.1a	468b	14.6a	3.0a	5.8a	9.9a	68.5a	13.5 a
----------------------------------------------------------------------Radish (OR)-------------------------------------------------------------------------
OR + Barley	37.4a	5.8a	64.7a	508a	14.7a	3.1a	5.7a	10.1a	68.6a	13.4 a
OR + Rye	38.4a	5.7a	74.2a	442c	14.9a	3.0a	5.8a	9.97a	66.9b	13.3 a

Sampling time	(qCO₂)
	µg C-CO₂ mg^-1 BMS h^-1
June (Late Fall)	11.0a^*
July (Early Winter)	6.0 b
August (Winter)	5.5 b
November (Late Spring)	1.6 c
December (Summer)	1.3c

Cover crop	June (late Fall)	December (Summer)
-------------------------------------------------------Fluorescein Diacetate (mg g^-1 dry soil h^-1)----------------------------------------------------------
Control (Fallow)	104.0a^*	71.5a
Barley	13.2b	50.9a
Rye	49.5b	58.9a
Oilseed Radish (OR)	64.4a	67.6a
OR + Rye	73.8a	77.8a
OR + Barley	101.8a	61.7a
-------------------------------------------------------------Urease (µg N-NH₄ g^-1 dry soil h^-1)-------------------------------------------------------------
Mean of all treatments	4.37A	3.27B
---------------------------------------------------------ß-glucosidase (µg PNP g dry soil ^-1 h^-1)-----------------------------------------------------------
Mean of all treatments	87.2B	118.2A

		---------------------------------------Chemical attributes------------------------------------
Variable	Organic	pH	pH				CEC
Variable	Matter	(H₂O)	(SMP)	P	K	Mg	(_{pH 7.0})
Microbial Biomass	-0.535ns	0.187ns	0.180ns	-0.273ns	-0.466ns	-0.54ns	-0.387ns
Soil respiration	-0.980^*	0.630^*	0.474ns	-0.725^*	-0.811^*	-0.854^*	-0.779^*
Urease activity	-0.895^*	0.718^*	0.609^*	-0.752^*	-0.694^*	-0.778^*	-0.771^*
ß-glucosidase activity	0.790^*	-0.209ns	-0.086ns	0.663^*	0.848^*	0.795^*	0.683^*
FDA activity	-0.019ns	0.330ns	0.282ns	0.0571ns	0.287ns	0.185ns	0.227ns