Understanding small farmers’ technology adoption and its relation to fruit fly attack: a case study from Gunuang Omeh, Lima Puluh Kota, Indonesia

Mufidah, Lyli; Devy, Nirmala Friyanti; Wuryantini, Susi; Hanif, Zainuri; Sugiyatno, Agus; Endarto, Otto; Hardiyanto,; Budiyati, Emi; Supriadi, Khojin; Affandi,

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20230393

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AGRIBUSINESS • Cienc. Rural 54 (12) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20230393 copy

Understanding small farmers’ technology adoption and its relation to fruit fly attack: a case study from Gunuang Omeh, Lima Puluh Kota, Indonesia

Adoção da tecnologia pelos pequenos agricultores e a sua relação com ataque de mosca-das-frutas: um estudo de caso de Gunuang Omeh, Lima Puluh Kota, Indonésia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This research examined the technological adoption of integrated management for healthy citrus orchards by farmers in Gunuang Omeh, a sub-district in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The adoption rate, characteristics of farmers at each level, influencing factors, and their association with fruit fly attacks, were measured. The data was obtained through a survey conducted purposively from June to December 2021 involving 351 farmers. The results of the analysis showed that the individual adoption rate was high, but for the handling of fruit flies in group was low, with the emphasis on the need for consolidation. The characteristics different at each level of adoption were: the distance from the farmer’s home to the orchard and the difficulty of access to credit. Several factors influence the adoption of this technology individually were from characteristics of the farmers (number of family members and experience); citrus orchard (distance to input, output, extension, plant age); also the difficulty to access information and credit. These results suggested that intervene policies that can be done: (1) facilitate access to credit for citrus farmers, especially for the needs of large plantations. (2) provide easy access to information related to fruit fly handling simultaneously or community-based cooperation, (3) provide ease of transportation access.

Key words:
technology adoption; rural development; integrated pest management; extension workers; small farmers

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: lyli001@brin.go.id.^*Corresponding author

Adoption Level of the IMCHO technology (%)	Category
<25%	Very low
25-50%	Low
51-75%	High
>75%	Very high

Variable	The mean of the total and the respective adoption rates						Friedman Test
	Total N (351)	Std. Dev	N=4	N=80	N=129	N=138	Sig.
			0-25%	25-50%	51-75%	>75%
Age	45.94	14.02	49.25	47.01	46.4	48.63	0.62
Number of family members	4.41	1.62	4.5	4.76	4.58	3.96	0.79
Length of education	8.74	3.7	5.25	8.67	8.67	8.84	0.51
Income (IDR million/year)	29.35	26.67	7.45	19.65	49.77	69.25	0.39
Experience in citrus cultivation (year)	8.75	5.09	7	7	8.33	10.16	0.06
The distance from home to the place of business/orchard (km)	1.71	5.54	1.5	2.81	1.61	1.72	0.04
The distance from the place of business to the input market (km)	2.41	2.21	1.25	2.71	3.25	3.06	0.78
The distance from the place of business to the output market (km)	5.75	14.1	1.38	7.83	5.36	5.6	0.55
The distance from the place of business to extension workers (km)	10.95	14.53	9.13	10.64	11.01	9.01	0.06
Land area (ha)	0.63	0.44	0.63	0.99	0.61	1.02	0.54
Plant age (year)	8	3.2	7	6.48	7.36	8.64	0.21
plant numbers (plant)	232.64	157.98	200	173.74	220.84	276.8	0.49
Difficulty to access cultivation information							0.3
difficulty (%)	61		50	65.8	62.2	56.5
no difficulty (%)	39		50	34.2	37.8	43.5
Difficulty to access capital or credit							0.02
difficulty (%)	72		0	39	26.1	90.3
no difficulty (%)	28		100	61	73.9	9
IDR: Rupiah - IDR14.338=1 US $	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

No	Technological Components	Adopter	SA (%)	Rank	Weight	Weight Value	IA (%)	TA (%)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	Labelled disease-free citrus seedling planting materials used	252.00	69.04	7.00	4.00	2.37	31.39	21.67
	------------------------------------------------------------------Pest and disease control-------------------------------------------------------------
2	Using the yellow sticky trap	267.00	73.15	3.00	8.00	4.73	66.52	48.66
3	California paste application	208.00	56.99	6.00	5.00	2.96	32.39	18.46
4	Spraying with insecticides	337.00	92.33	5.00	6.00	3.55	62.97	58.14
5	Applying methyl eugenol as a sex pheromone	190.00	52.05	2.00	9.00	5.33	53.25	27.72
6	Fruit wrapping	92.00	25.21	7.00	4.00	2.37	11.46	2.89
7	Spraying with fungicides	312.00	85.48	9.00	2.00	1.18	19.43	16.61
	------------------------------------------------------------------Orchard maintenance----------------------------------------------------------------
8	Architectural pruning	231.00	63.29	5.00	6.00	3.55	43.16	27.32
9	Maintenance pruning	334.00	91.51	5.00	6.00	3.55	62.41	57.11
10	Tillage	322.00	88.22	9.00	2.00	1.18	20.06	17.69
11	Balanced fertilizing	240.00	65.75	4.00	7.00	4.14	52.32	34.40
12	Watering	149.00	40.82	5.00	6.00	3.55	27.84	11.37
13	Fruit thinning	262.00	71.78	4.00	7.00	4.14	57.12	41.00
14	Weed controlling	307.00	84.11	4.00	7.00	4.14	66.93	56.29
15	Proper harvesting	264.00	72.33	3.00	8.00	4.73	65.77	47.57
	-----------------------------------------------------------------------Sanitation------------------------------------------------------------------------
16	Pruning diseased plant par	320.00	87.67	5.00	6.00	3.55	59.79	52.42
17	Eradicating (throwing plant parts affected by HLB)	77.00	21.10	8.00	3.00	1.78	7.19	1.52
18	Replacing unproductive plants with labeled seeds	179.00	49.04	8.00	3.00	1.78	16.72	8.20
19	Consolidation of orchard management	117.00	32.05	1.00	10.00	5.92	36.44	11.68
	Total		1267.00		169.00	100.00		560.73
	Average		66.68					29.51

Variables	Regression Coefficient	Standard Error	t-count	Sig
Constant	60.452	7.667	7.885	0.000
Age	-0.084	0.086	-0.979	0.328
Number of family members	-3.045	0.729	-4.178	0.000
Length of education	0.069	0.306	0.226	0.821
Income (IDR million/year)	0.040	0.048	0.791	0.430
Experience in citrus cultivation (year)	0.657	0.273	2.412	0.017
The distance from home to the place of business (km)	-0.103	0.618	-0.166	0.868
The distance from the place of business to the input market (km)	1.008	0.521	1.936	0.054
The distance from the place of business to the output market (km)	-0.331	0.097	-3.400	0.001
The distance from the place of business to extension workers (km)	-0.201	0.084	-2.393	0.018
Land area (ha)	-2.473	4.256	-0.581	0.562
Plant age (year)	1.182	0.501	2.359	0.019
Plant numbers (plant)	0.019	0.015	1.279	0.202
Difficulty to access cultivation information	-9.310	2.421	-3.846	0.000
Difficulty to access capital or credit	16.817	2.879	5.841	0.000
Sig F= 0.00
IDR: Rupiah - IDR14.338=1 US $

Note	Correlation of fruit fly attack area and adoption rate
Coefficient	0.209
Sig	0.000
N	351