Carcass traits, commercial cuts, tissue composition, intake, digestibility, and performance of Sindhi bulls subjected to feed restriction

Trajano, Jaqueline da Silva; Gonzaga Neto, Severino; Medeiros, Ariosvaldo Nunes; Cambuí, Gabriela Brito; Oliveira, Juliana Silva de; Santos, Daniele Farias dos; Santos, Flávio Soares dos; Dias-Silva, Tairon Pannunzio; Bezerra, Leilson Rocha

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20200488

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ANIMAL PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 51 (5) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200488 copy

Carcass traits, commercial cuts, tissue composition, intake, digestibility, and performance of Sindhi bulls subjected to feed restriction

Características da carcaça cortes comerciais, composição tecidual, consumo, digestibilidade e desempenho de touros Sindi submetidos à restrição alimentar

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This study showed the effect of feed restriction on performance, nitrogen balance (NB), microbial protein synthesis, carcass traits and meat cut of the thirty-two Sindhi non-castrated males (296 ± 21.3 kg initial BW and 21 ± 1.5 months old). All bulls were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (feed restriction levels) (0, 15, 30, and 45% in total dry matter -DM) and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. Nutrient intake, NB, final BW, total gain, feeding efficiency, carcass gain, hot and cold carcass weight, subcutaneous fat thickness, commercial cuts and fat tissue decreased linearly (P<0.05) by feed restriction level. A linear increased on digestibility of DM, NDF_ap, total carbohydrates and on the proportion of muscle tissue, as well as quadratic increase on non-fibrous carbohydrates and bone tissue percentage with the restriction level imposed on bulls (P<0.05). The feed restriction did not affect (P>0.05) the digestibility of crude protein, synthesis and microbial efficiency, deposition efficiency, longissimus dorsi area and muscle + fat/bone ratio. The feed restriction reduced intake and consequently performance, carcass traits and meat cuts of Sindhi bulls; however, it promoted a reduction in the N excretion, which can be important if conducted a subsequent compensatory weight gain.

Key words:
carcass yield; efficiency; microbial protein; nitrogen; zebu

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: tairon.mvet@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

--------------------------------------Proportion of Ingredients (g/kg DM)-----------------------------------
Chemical composition (g/kg DM)	Corn silage	Corn meal	Soybean meal	Wheat meal	Urea¹	Mineral² Mixture
	400	360	60	150	10	20
Dry matter³	266	881	880	868	1000	900
Ash	56.3	11.2	61.2	50.7	-	-
Crude protein	66.2	92.3	535	190	2.80	-
Ether extract	33.7	47.7	19.7	36.9	-	-
Neutral detergent fiber_ap ⁴	574	103	117	441	-	-
Total carbohydrates	843	848	383	721	-	-
Non-fibrous carbohydrates	269	745	266	280	-	-
iNeutral detergent fiber⁵	238	24.2	21.1	151	-	-
Total Digestible Nutrients⁶	646	797	805	647	-	-

Variables	-------Levels of feed restriction (%)-------				SEM¹	----------P-value²---------
	0	15	30	45		L	Q
--------------------------------------------------------------------Nutrient intake (kg/day)--------------------------------------------------------------------
Dry matter	7.65	6.82	5.77	4.38	0.50	<0.01	0.12
Dry matter (%BW)	2.25	1.99	1.69	1.28	0.13	<0.01	0.09
Crud protein	1.14	1.00	0.84	0.64	0.07	<0.01	0.18
Ether extract	0.29	0.25	0.22	0.16	0.13	<0.01	0.23
Neutral detergent fiber_ap	2.60	2.32	1.96	1.49	0.15	<0.01	0.54
Total carbohydrates	5.92	5.28	4.47	3.39	0.46	<0.01	0.62
Non-fibrous carbohydrates	3.32	2.96	2.50	1.90	0.19	<0.01	0.11
Total digestible nutrients	4.78	4.25	3.63	2.85	0.31	<0.01	0.26
-----------------------------------------------------------------Coefficient of digestibility (g/kg) ------------------------------------------------------------
Dry matter	585	586	597	614	21.9	<0.01	0.30
Crude protein	604	614	607	612	26.6	0.68	0.80
Ether extract	684	701	672	683	51.5	0.70	0.87
Neutral detergent fiber_ap	334	354	398	415	44.7	<0.01	0.91
Total carbohydrates	615	611	627	652	23.8	<0.01	0.09
Non-fibrous carbohydrates	871	860	854	900	30.6	0.10	<0.01

Nitrogen (N) balance	------Levels of feed restriction (%)------				SEM¹	---------P-value²-------
	0	15	30	45		L	Q
N intake (g/day)	183	161	135	102	11.4	< 0.01	0.19
N fecal (g/day)	72.0	62.1	53.2	39.6	5.91	< 0.01	0.38
N urinary (g/day)	55. 9	54.9	51.3	22.5	28.3	0.03	0.18
N balance (g)	55.6	43.6	30.6	39.7	27.9	0.21	0.31
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN, mg/dL)	14.5	16.4	13.1	12.4	2.50	0.02	0.16
Urinary urea nitrogen (UUN, g/day)	19.2	18.9	16.6	7.56	10.2	0.03	0.24
UUN (mg/kg BW)	184	185	163	77.6	100	0.04	0.24
N microbial synthesis (g N/day)	64.7	79.7	65.4	33.8	30.2	0.14	0.19
CP microbial synthesis (g N/day)	404	498	409	211	188	0.14	0.19
N microbial efficiency (kg CMODR)	24.4	32.8	29.3	19.8	12.8	0.54	0.26
CP Microbial efficiency (g/kg TDN)	89.4	121	108	73.1	46.9	0.56	0.26

Variables	------Levels of feed restriction (%)------				SEM¹	------------P-value²-----------
	0	15	30	45		L	Q
---------------------------------------------------------------------Growth performance-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Initial body weight (kg)	299	294	297	294	22.6	-	-
Final body weight (kg)	378	373	357	330	14.3	<0.01	0.04
Total gain (kg)	82.3	76.1	60.7	33.8	14.3	<0.01	0.04
Average daily gain (kg)	1.17	1.10	0.87	0.49	0.19	<0.01	0.03
Empty body weight gain (kg)	1.35	1.32	1.01	0.71	0.16	<0.01	0.02
EBWG/BWG ratio^c	1.12	1.24	1.16	1.45	0.23	0.02	0.29
Feeding efficiency (kg/kg)	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.11	0.03	<0.01	0.02
Carcass gain (kg)	0.90	0.91	0.67	0.54	0.12	<0.01	0.11
Deposition Efficiency	0.12	0.13	0.11	0.12	0.02	0.78	0.45
-------------------------------------------------------------------------Carcass traits----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot carcass weight (kg)	215	215	200	190	11.5	<0.01	0.25
Cold carcass weight (kg)	211	210	196	186	11.3	<0.01	0.24
Hot carcass yield (%)	56.9	57.8	56.1	57.6	1.26	0.81	0.43
Cold carcass yield (%)	55.6	56.5	54.8	56.3	1.31	0.88	0.52
SFT (mm^d)	3.40	2.90	2.50	1.90	1.06	<0.01	0.84
Longissimus dorsi area (cm²)	59.4	59.3	58.1	57.6	4.93	0.42	0.91
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Commercial cuts----------------------------------------------------------------------
½ Carcass (kg)	105	105	98.1	93.3	4.46	<0.01	0.13
Pallet (kg)	33.5	34.4	33.0	30.5	1.90	<0.01	0.01
Chuck (kg)	45.0	42.0	38.9	38.8	2.98	<0.01	0.20
Short rib (kg)	41.9	42.0	38.0	35.2	2.41	<0.01	0.09
Short rib (%)	19.8	19.9	19.3	18.8	0.86	<0.01	0.34
Cushion (kg)	55.0	56.5	53.2	50.2	2.90	<0.01	0.03
Rump (kg)	35.3	35.8	33.0	31.9	1.71	<0.01	0.20
Front (kg)	78.6	76.6	71.9	69.3	3.98	<0.01	0.80
Front (%)	37.2	36.3	36.6	37.1	1.15	0.93	0.09
Rear (kg)	132	134	124	117	6.09	<0.01	0.04
Rear (%)	62.7	63.6	63.3	62.8	1.15	0.93	0.09
------------------------------------------------------------------------Tissue composition----------------------------------------------------------------------
Muscle (%)	64.7	69.0	68.6	70.7	3.07	<0.01	0.31
Fat (%)	15.9	14.3	13.9	12.6	1.86	<0.01	0.83
Bone (%)	18.2	16.6	17.4	18.2	1.65	0.79	0.04
Muscle/bone ratio	4.16	4.85	4.98	5.79	0.82	<0.01	0.83
Muscle + fat/bone ratio	4.45	5.03	4.81	4.64	0.57	0.69	0.07