Vírus que acometem Apis mellifera e sua ocorrência no Brasil

Chagas, Domitila Brzoskowski; Monteiro, Francielle Liz; Hübner, Silvia de Oliveira; Lima, Marcelo de; Fischer, Geferson

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MICROBIOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 49 (9) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20181042 copiar

Vírus que acometem Apis mellifera e sua ocorrência no Brasil

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO:

As abelhas são insetos de grande importância na agricultura, cumprindo um papel muito importante na polinização e na renovação do ecossistema. No entanto, em diversos países têm sido relatadas perdas significativas de colônias e declínio da população de abelhas melíferas e nativas, nos últimos anos. Com isso, surgiram novos estudos sobre este assunto. A maioria dos pesquisadores relata que as perdas prematuras estão ligadas a diversos fatores, dentre eles os vírus, que causam grande impacto nas colônias. Este artigo visa expor as novas identificações de vírus, algumas rotas de transmissão, a associação dos mesmos a parasitas e a sintomatologia das enfermidades que afetam a saúde de abelhas melíferas, bem como os vírus que já foram descritos no Brasil.

Palavras-chave:
abelhas africanizadas; insetos polinizadores; doenças; sanidade

Autoria

Domitila Brzoskowski Chagas ^*E-mail: chagas.domitila@gmail.com. *Corresponding author.

Programa de Pós-graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel)BrazilPelotas, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-9852

Francielle Liz Monteiro

Silvia de Oliveira Hübner

Marcelo de Lima

Geferson Fischer

E-mail: chagas.domitila@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

All authors contributed equally for the conception and writing of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved of the final version.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tabelas

Tabelas (2)

Thumbnail

Table 1
Summary of physical properties (particle shape, size, type of genome, the taxonomy and symptoms) of 8 viruses related to bees.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Summary of physical properties (particle shape, size, type of genome, the taxonomy and symptoms) of newly discovered viruses related to bees.

Table 1 Summary of physical properties (particle shape, size, type of genome, the taxonomy and symptoms) of 8 viruses related to bees.

-------------Virus--------------		Form	Size	Nucleic acid	Taxonomy	Symptomatology	References
Apis mellifera filamentous virus	AmFV	filament	150 nm ×450	dsDNA	Baculoviridae	No physical symptoms Becomes white and milky hemolymph	BAILEY & BALL, 1991BAILEY, L.; BALL, B. V. Honeybee pathology. In: Academic Press Books, London, United Kingdom, 2ª ed., 1991.
Apis iridescente virus	AIV	polyhedral	150nm	dsDNA	Iridoviridae	Symptoms like CBPV Only known to occur in adult bees	BAILEY & BALL, 1991BAILEY, L.; BALL, B. V. Honeybee pathology. In: Academic Press Books, London, United Kingdom, 2ª ed., 1991.
Arkansas bee virus / Berkeley bee Picorna-like virus	ABV / BBPV	icosahedral	30nm	ssRNA	?	No known symptoms in adult bees and pupae	BAILEY & BALL, 1991BAILEY, L.; BALL, B. V. Honeybee pathology. In: Academic Press Books, London, United Kingdom, 2ª ed., 1991.
Bee virus X	BVX	icosahedral	35nm	ssRNA	?	Does not multiply in larvae and pupae Associated with the protozoan Malpighamoebamellificae	BAILEY & BALL, 1991BAILEY, L.; BALL, B. V. Honeybee pathology. In: Academic Press Books, London, United Kingdom, 2ª ed., 1991.
Bee virus Y	BVY	icosahedral	35nm	ssRNA	?	Serologically related to BVX without symptoms in adult bees, pupae and larvae Associated with N.apisin adult bees	BAILEY & BALL, 1991BAILEY, L.; BALL, B. V. Honeybee pathology. In: Academic Press Books, London, United Kingdom, 2ª ed., 1991.
Wing virus Clody	CWV	icosahedral	17nm	ssRNA	?	Opaque wings of adult bees, do not propagate in larvae and pupae Already detected in Africanized bees in Brazil	BAILEY & BALL, 1991BAILEY, L.; BALL, B. V. Honeybee pathology. In: Academic Press Books, London, United Kingdom, 2ª ed., 1991.
Egypt bee virus	EBV	icosahedral	30nm	ssRNA	Iflaviridae	Serologically related to DWV, but has no known symptoms in adults, pupae and larvae	BAILEY et al., 1979
Slow bee paralysis virus	SBPV	icosahedral	30nm	ssRNA	Iflaviridae	Paralysis of two pairs of front legs in adult bees Associated with V. destructor No visible symptoms in pupae and larvae	BAILEY & BALL, 1991BAILEY, L.; BALL, B. V. Honeybee pathology. In: Academic Press Books, London, United Kingdom, 2ª ed., 1991.; DE MIRANDA et al., 2010De MIRANDA, J. R.; GENERSCH, E. Deformed wing virus. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.103, p.48-61, 2010. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19909976 >. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990...

Information in the table has been adapted from Bailey & Ball, 1991BAILEY, L.; BALL, B. V. Honeybee pathology. In: Academic Press Books, London, United Kingdom, 2ª ed., 1991.; Miranda et al, 2013; McMenamin & Flennken, 2018. ds:double-stand; ss:single-strand.

Table 2 Summary of physical properties (particle shape, size, type of genome, the taxonomy and symptoms) of newly discovered viruses related to bees.

------------Virus--------------		Form and Size	Nucleic acid	Taxonomy	Symptomatology	References
Apis mellifera flavivirus	AFV	icosahedral Approximately60 nm	ssRNA	Flaviviridae	Symptoms known to date	REMNANT et al., 2017REMNANT, E. et al. A Diverse Range of Novel RNA Viruses in Geographically Distinct Honey Bee Populations. Journal of Virology, v.91, p.e00158-17, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515299 >. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2018. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00158-17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2851...
Api smellifera - Bunyaviruses 1 and 2	ABV-1; ABV-2	?	ssRNA	Bunyaviridae	Symptoms unknown	REMNANT et al., 2017REMNANT, E. et al. A Diverse Range of Novel RNA Viruses in Geographically Distinct Honey Bee Populations. Journal of Virology, v.91, p.e00158-17, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515299 >. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2018. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00158-17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2851...
Apis mellifera 1 and 2, rhabdovirus	ARV	?	ssRNA	Rhabdoviridae	Rhabdoviridae are transmitted by arthropods	LEVIN et al., 2017LEVIN, S. et al. Presence of Apis Rhabdovirus-1 in populations of pollinators and their parasites from two continents. Frontiers in Microbiology, v.8, p.2482, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29312191 >. Accessed: Jan. 9, 2019. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02482. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2931... .; REMNANT et al., 2017REMNANT, E. et al. A Diverse Range of Novel RNA Viruses in Geographically Distinct Honey Bee Populations. Journal of Virology, v.91, p.e00158-17, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515299 >. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2018. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00158-17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2851...
Aphid lethal paralysis virus	ALPV	Icosahedral 30 nm	ssRNA	Dicistroviridae	Virus of aphids and agricultural pests Detected in adult bees, during the decrease of pollen	RUNCKEL et al., 2011RUNCKEL, C. et al. Temporal analysis of the honey bee microbiome reveals four novel viruses and seasonal prevalence of known viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia. PLoS One, v.6, p.e20656, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687739 >. Accessed: Sep. 22, 2018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020656. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2168...
Big River virus Sioux	BSRV	Icosahedral 30 nm	ssRNA	Dicistroviridae	Closely related to Rhopalosiphumpadi virus, found in aphids	RUNCKEL et al., 2011RUNCKEL, C. et al. Temporal analysis of the honey bee microbiome reveals four novel viruses and seasonal prevalence of known viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia. PLoS One, v.6, p.e20656, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687739 >. Accessed: Sep. 22, 2018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020656. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2168...
Halictus scabiosae Adlikon virus	HsAV	?	ssRNA	?	Related to Lake Sinai virus	BIGOT et al., 2017BIGOT, D. et al. The discovery of Halictivirus resolves the Sinaivirus phylogeny. Journal of General Virology, v.98, p.2864-2875, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29058655 >. Accessed: Feb. 5, 2019. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000957. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2905...
Lake Sinai Virus- 1 and 2	LSV-1 / LSL-2	?	ssRNA	?	No visible symptom. Positive correlation with Nosema LSV-2 has higher incidence in late winter	RUNCKELl et al., 2011RUNCKEL, C. et al. Temporal analysis of the honey bee microbiome reveals four novel viruses and seasonal prevalence of known viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia. PLoS One, v.6, p.e20656, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687739 >. Accessed: Sep. 22, 2018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020656. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2168...
Moku virus	MV	Icosahedral Approx. 30 nm	ssRNA	Iflaviridae	Discovered in the wasp, (Vespulapensylvanica) and phylogenetically related to SBPV	MORDECAI et al., 2016MORDECAI, G. J. et al. Moku virus; a new Iflavirus found in wasps, honey bees and Varroa. Scientific Reports, v.6, p.34983, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/srep34983 >. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2018. doi: 10.1038/srep3498. https://www.nature.com/articles/srep3498...
Tobacco ringspot virus	TRSV	icosahedral 25 to 30 nm	ssRNA	Secoviridae	Originally from plants Discovered in bees and replicates in different parts of the body Varroahas been detected and is possible spreader of virus	LI et al., 2014LI, J. L. et al. Systemic spread and propagation of a plant-pathogenic virus in European honeybees, Apis mellifera. MBio, v.5, p.e00898-00813, 2014. Available from: <Available from: https://mbio.asm.org/content/5/1/e00898-13 >. Accessed: Jan. 24, 2019. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00898-13. https://mbio.asm.org/content/5/1/e00898-...

Information in the table has been adapted from Bailey & Ball, 1991BAILEY, L.; BALL, B. V. Honeybee pathology. In: Academic Press Books, London, United Kingdom, 2ª ed., 1991.; Miranda et al., 2013; McMenamin & Flennken, 2018. ds:double-stand; ss:single-strand.

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[1] E-mail: chagas.domitila@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.