------------Virus-------------- |
Form and Size |
Nucleic acid |
Taxonomy |
Symptomatology |
References |
Apis mellifera flavivirus
|
AFV |
icosahedral Approximately60 nm |
ssRNA |
Flaviviridae
|
Symptoms known to date |
REMNANT et al., 2017REMNANT, E. et al. A Diverse Range of Novel RNA Viruses in Geographically Distinct Honey Bee Populations. Journal of Virology, v.91, p.e00158-17, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515299
>. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2018. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00158-17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2851...
|
Api smellifera - Bunyaviruses 1 and 2
|
ABV-1; ABV-2 |
? |
ssRNA |
Bunyaviridae
|
Symptoms unknown |
REMNANT et al., 2017REMNANT, E. et al. A Diverse Range of Novel RNA Viruses in Geographically Distinct Honey Bee Populations. Journal of Virology, v.91, p.e00158-17, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515299
>. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2018. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00158-17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2851...
|
Apis mellifera 1 and 2, rhabdovirus
|
ARV |
? |
ssRNA |
Rhabdoviridae
|
Rhabdoviridae are transmitted by arthropods |
LEVIN et al., 2017LEVIN, S. et al. Presence of Apis Rhabdovirus-1 in populations of pollinators and their parasites from two continents. Frontiers in Microbiology, v.8, p.2482, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29312191
>. Accessed: Jan. 9, 2019. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02482. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2931...
.; REMNANT et al., 2017REMNANT, E. et al. A Diverse Range of Novel RNA Viruses in Geographically Distinct Honey Bee Populations. Journal of Virology, v.91, p.e00158-17, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515299
>. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2018. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00158-17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2851...
|
Aphid lethal paralysis virus
|
ALPV |
Icosahedral 30 nm |
ssRNA |
Dicistroviridae
|
Virus of aphids and agricultural pests Detected in adult bees, during the decrease of pollen |
RUNCKEL et al., 2011RUNCKEL, C. et al. Temporal analysis of the honey bee microbiome reveals four novel viruses and seasonal prevalence of known viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia. PLoS One, v.6, p.e20656, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687739
>. Accessed: Sep. 22, 2018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020656. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2168...
|
Big River virus Sioux
|
BSRV |
Icosahedral 30 nm |
ssRNA |
Dicistroviridae
|
Closely related to Rhopalosiphumpadi virus, found in aphids |
RUNCKEL et al., 2011RUNCKEL, C. et al. Temporal analysis of the honey bee microbiome reveals four novel viruses and seasonal prevalence of known viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia. PLoS One, v.6, p.e20656, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687739
>. Accessed: Sep. 22, 2018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020656. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2168...
|
Halictus scabiosae Adlikon virus
|
HsAV |
? |
ssRNA |
? |
Related to Lake Sinai virus |
BIGOT et al., 2017BIGOT, D. et al. The discovery of Halictivirus resolves the Sinaivirus phylogeny. Journal of General Virology, v.98, p.2864-2875, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29058655
>. Accessed: Feb. 5, 2019. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000957. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2905...
|
Lake Sinai Virus- 1 and 2 |
LSV-1 / LSL-2 |
? |
ssRNA |
? |
No visible symptom. Positive correlation with Nosema LSV-2 has higher incidence in late winter |
RUNCKELl et al., 2011RUNCKEL, C. et al. Temporal analysis of the honey bee microbiome reveals four novel viruses and seasonal prevalence of known viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia. PLoS One, v.6, p.e20656, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687739
>. Accessed: Sep. 22, 2018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020656. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2168...
|
Moku virus
|
MV |
Icosahedral Approx. 30 nm |
ssRNA |
Iflaviridae
|
Discovered in the wasp, (Vespulapensylvanica) and phylogenetically related to SBPV |
MORDECAI et al., 2016MORDECAI, G. J. et al. Moku virus; a new Iflavirus found in wasps, honey bees and Varroa. Scientific Reports, v.6, p.34983, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/srep34983
>. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2018. doi: 10.1038/srep3498. https://www.nature.com/articles/srep3498...
|
Tobacco ringspot virus
|
TRSV |
icosahedral 25 to 30 nm |
ssRNA |
Secoviridae
|
Originally from plants Discovered in bees and replicates in different parts of the body Varroahas been detected and is possible spreader of virus |
LI et al., 2014LI, J. L. et al. Systemic spread and propagation of a plant-pathogenic virus in European honeybees, Apis mellifera. MBio, v.5, p.e00898-00813, 2014. Available from: <Available from: https://mbio.asm.org/content/5/1/e00898-13
>. Accessed: Jan. 24, 2019. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00898-13. https://mbio.asm.org/content/5/1/e00898-...
|