Seleção de famílias e clones de cana-de-açúcar sob estresse pelo frio

Verissimo, Mario Alvaro Aloisio; Azeredo, Amaro Afonso Campos de; Silva, Sergio Delmar dos Anjos e; Brasileiro, Bruno Portela; Bespalhok Filho, João Carlos; Daros, Edelclaiton; Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto de

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CROP PROTECTION • Cienc. Rural 50 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20181043 copiar

Seleção de famílias e clones de cana-de-açúcar sob estresse pelo frio

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO:

O objetivo desse trabalho foi selecionar famílias e clones de cana-de-açúcar tolerantes ao estresse por frio. As avaliações ocorreram durante três fases de seleção no município de Pelotas, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no delineamento de blocos incompletos, sendo inicialmente composto por 4.452 seedlings oriundos de 53 famílias de irmãos completos. Além dos caracteres teor de sólidos solúveis (BRIX), tonelada de colmos por hectare (TCH) e tonelada de brix por hectare (TBH), foi avaliada a sobrevivência do meristema apical (GEM) na primeira fase de seleção (T1) do programa de melhoramento genético. Ao final de três fases de seleção, 15 clones pertencentes a 14 das 53 famílias avaliadas na primeira fase (T1) foram selecionados para a fase de experimentação, destes, destacam-se: RS/PR126066, RS/PR126044, RS/PR126052, RS/PR126007 e RS/PR126033, pois além de apresentar desempenho satisfatório para os caracteres TCH e TBH, foram avaliados com notas máximas (N4 e N5) para sobrevivência de gema apical no primeiro ciclo de seleção.

Palavras-chave:
Saccharum spp.; estresse abiótico; melhoramento de plantas.

Autoria

Mario Alvaro Aloisio Verissimo

Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarísmo, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 80035050, Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)BrazilCuritiba, PR, BrazilDepartamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarísmo, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 80035050, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

Amaro Afonso Campos de Azeredo ^*E-mail: afonso@agronomo.eng.br. *Corresponding author.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-9514

Sergio Delmar dos Anjos e Silva

Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.Embrapa Clima TemperadoBrazilPelotas, RS, BrazilEmbrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

Bruno Portela Brasileiro

João Carlos Bespalhok Filho

Edelclaiton Daros

Ricardo Augusto de Oliveira

E-mail: afonso@agronomo.eng.br. ^*Corresponding author.

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

All authors contributed equally for the conception and writing of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved of the final version.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.Embrapa Clima TemperadoBrazilPelotas, RS, BrazilEmbrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (5)

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Figure 1
Number of clones in different score classes of apical bud (ABS) in 53 sugarcane families evaluated in the first test phase (T1) (A) and overall percentage of the scores in the population of the first selection phase (B). Apical bud scores Sc1 (dead apical bud and necrotic lesion), Sc2 (dead apical bud, but with lesion immediately below the bud, visible lateral shoots), Sc3 (dead apical bud, with lesion below the bud, abundant lateral shoots), Sc4 (apical bud with small lesion and presence of live tissue with growth return in the central axis of the stalk and without visible lateral shoots) and Sc5 (live bud, with no visible lesion and no lateral shoots).

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Figure 2
Clones selected for the experimental phase (EPh) in each family and clones that were not advanced from the first (NA (T1)) to the second (NA (T2)) and third (NA (T3)) selection phases.

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Figure 3
Clones evaluated for the first (T1), second (T2), third (T3) and experimental phase (EPh). Percentage of apical bud scores Sc1 (dead apical bud and necrotic lesion), Sc2 (dead apical bud, but with lesion immediately below the bud, visible lateral shoots), Sc3 (dead apical bud, with lesion below the bud, abundant lateral shoots), Sc4 (apical bud with small lesion and presence of live tissue with growth return in the central axis of the stalk and without visible lateral shoots) and Sc5 (live bud, with no visible lesion and no lateral shoots).

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Table 1
Genetic parameters estimated in sugarcane clones evaluated during the first test phase (T1) in 47 sugarcane full-sib families evaluated in the under cold stress.

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Table 2
Genetic and environmental parameters estimated in sugarcane clones evaluated during the second and third test phases (T2 and T3).

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Table 3
Clones selected per family in the first test phase T1 (n_k) and evaluated in the second test phase (T2), in 44 full-sib families.

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Table 4
Families evaluated in the third test phase (T3) and advanced to the experimental phase (EPh), in 30 full-sib families.

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Table 5
Families evaluated in the first test phase (T1) that had clones selected for the experimentation phase and mean in the third test phase (T3).

Figure 1 Number of clones in different score classes of apical bud (ABS) in 53 sugarcane families evaluated in the first test phase (T1) (A) and overall percentage of the scores in the population of the first selection phase (B). Apical bud scores Sc1 (dead apical bud and necrotic lesion), Sc2 (dead apical bud, but with lesion immediately below the bud, visible lateral shoots), Sc3 (dead apical bud, with lesion below the bud, abundant lateral shoots), Sc4 (apical bud with small lesion and presence of live tissue with growth return in the central axis of the stalk and without visible lateral shoots) and Sc5 (live bud, with no visible lesion and no lateral shoots).

Figure 2 Clones selected for the experimental phase (EPh) in each family and clones that were not advanced from the first (NA (T1)) to the second (NA (T2)) and third (NA (T3)) selection phases.

Figure 3 Clones evaluated for the first (T1), second (T2), third (T3) and experimental phase (EPh). Percentage of apical bud scores Sc1 (dead apical bud and necrotic lesion), Sc2 (dead apical bud, but with lesion immediately below the bud, visible lateral shoots), Sc3 (dead apical bud, with lesion below the bud, abundant lateral shoots), Sc4 (apical bud with small lesion and presence of live tissue with growth return in the central axis of the stalk and without visible lateral shoots) and Sc5 (live bud, with no visible lesion and no lateral shoots).

Table 1 Genetic parameters estimated in sugarcane clones evaluated during the first test phase (T1) in 47 sugarcane full-sib families evaluated in the under cold stress.

Parameters^*	------------------------------------------------------------------Traits----------------------------------------------------------
	ABS	BRX	TSH	TBH
h^² _fam	0.68	0.64	0.64	0.63
Selectionaccuracy	0.83	0.80	0.80	0.80
Overall mean	3.46	19.07	58.17	11.27

^*Broad-sense heritability at the family averages level (h^²_fam); apical bud survival (ABS); total soluble solids content (BRX); tons of stalks per hectare (TSH) and tons of brix per hectare (TBH)

Table 2 Genetic and environmental parameters estimated in sugarcane clones evaluated during the second and third test phases (T2 and T3).

Phase	Parameters^*	BRX	TSH	TBH
T2	V_fam	0.58	174.93	0.87
	V_clon	0.83	390.69	8.87
	V_e	1.63	674.49	22.23
	V_f	2.79	999.87	33.43
	h^² _fam	0.21	0.02	0.03
	h^² _clon	0.30	0.23	0.27
	Ac	0.55	0.48	0.52
	CV%	7.08	31.64	31.38
	Overall mean	18.04	82.08	15.03
T3	CV%	5.36	22.45	22.44
T3	Overall mean	18.26	58.06	10.53

^*V_fam: genotypic variance between families; V_clon: individual genotypic variance; V_e: residual variance; V_f: individual phenotypic variance; h^²_fam: broad-sense heritability of families; h^²_clon: individual broad-sense heritability; Ac: selection accuracy; CV%: experimental coefficient of variation; BRIX: total soluble solids in juice; TSH: tons of cane per hectare and TBH: tons of brix per hectare.

Table 3 Clones selected per family in the first test phase T1 (n_k) and evaluated in the second test phase (T2), in 44 full-sib families.

Families	--------------BRX^*-------------			---------------TSH--------------			---------------TBH---------------			n_k
	Vg	Clas	Ac	Vg	Clas	Ac	Vg	Clas	Ac
RB867515 × RB946903	17.43	34	0.95	84.83	9	0.68	15.43	9	0.75	33
RB987935 × RB946903	17.87	27	0.93	80.69	34	0.58	14.62	35	0.65	26
RB946903 × RB867515	17.38	36	0.94	80.71	33	0.61	14.48	42	0.68	22
RB965518 × RB011681	18.29	18	0.93	85.15	6	0.58	15.86	6	0.66	21
RB987935 × RB966928	19.09	2	0.94	79.08	43	0.6	14.73	28	0.68	21
RB966928 × RB987935	18.75	8	0.94	79.69	41	0.6	14.7	30	0.67	20
RB867515 × RB966928	18.7	11	0.94	84.61	10	0.63	15.91	5	0.7	19
RB966928 × CP72-2086	19.66	1	0.93	86.02	2	0.6	16.7	1	0.67	18
RB987935 × RB975932	17.58	33	0.93	81.06	29	0.59	14.63	33	0.66	18
CP72-2086 × RB966928	18.87	6	0.94	85.22	5	0.61	16.07	2	0.69	17
RB965902 × CP72-2086	17.29	38	0.94	81.24	27	0.6	14.59	37	0.67	17
RB987935 × RB867515	18.01	22	0.93	80.37	35	0.57	14.58	38	0.64	17
RB867515 × CP70-321	18.38	16	0.91	82.12	19	0.51	15.12	15	0.59	16
RB966229 × RB975932	17.6	32	0.92	82.3	18	0.54	14.94	23	0.62	16
RB855156 × RB987935	18.91	5	0.93	79.83	40	0.6	14.95	22	0.67	15
TUC77-42 × RB966928	18.75	7	0.93	81.33	25	0.57	14.99	20	0.64	14
RB867515 × RB996961	17.91	25	0.94	85.75	4	0.6	15.83	7	0.68	13
CP72-2086 × RB965902	17.92	24	0.9	86.37	1	0.5	16.02	3	0.58	12
RB966229 × RB996961	17.41	35	0.9	82.99	15	0.5	15.04	19	0.58	12
RB996963 × RB966229	18.13	20	0.9	80.97	31	0.51	14.85	26	0.58	12
RB011681 × RB72454	17.87	26	0.9	85.86	3	0.5	15.92	4	0.58	11
RB72454 × RB965902	17.14	42	0.91	85.1	7	0.52	15.34	12	0.6	11
RB867515 × RB965518	17.71	29	0.91	83.06	14	0.51	15.11	16	0.58	11
RB966928 × RB867515	17.28	39	0.92	81.34	24	0.53	14.62	34	0.6	11
RB966928 × RB975932	18.46	15	0.89	83.17	13	0.48	15.39	10	0.56	10
RB996963 × RB946903	17.87	28	0.9	80.32	36	0.49	14.66	32	0.56	10
RB946903 × RB855156	17.63	31	0.85	84.91	8	0.39	15.61	8	0.46	9
RB966928 × RB996963	18.7	10	0.88	81.32	26	0.44	14.92	25	0.51	9
RB966928 × RB855589	18.52	14	0.89	82.89	16	0.47	15.36	11	0.55	8
RB966928 × RB965518	18.68	12	0.9	80.94	32	0.48	14.83	27	0.55	8
RB966928 × RB996961	18.99	4	0.9	79.91	39	0.49	14.72	29	0.56	8
RB966928 × TUC77-42	18.13	21	0.9	80.19	37	0.5	14.57	40	0.57	8
RB975932 × RB966928	18.34	17	0.88	76.01	44	0.45	13.61	44	0.52	8
RB855589 × RB966928	18.61	13	0.89	80.02	38	0.48	14.61	36	0.55	7
NA56-79 × RB72454	17.98	23	0.88	82.77	17	0.44	15.21	14	0.51	6
RB855156 × RB946903	16.85	43	0.87	81.58	21	0.42	14.57	39	0.49	6
RB946903 × RB987935	17.69	30	0.89	79.48	42	0.47	14.37	43	0.55	6
RB72454 × NA56-79	17.34	37	0.83	83.66	11	0.37	15.23	13	0.43	4
RB946903 × NA56-79	18.73	9	0.88	81.05	30	0.45	14.97	21	0.52	4
RB996963 × RB996961	16.24	44	0.82	81.42	23	0.34	14.53	41	0.4	4
RB72454 × RB011681	17.23	40	0.80	83.19	12	0.33	15.1	17	0.39	3
RB965518 × RB966928	19.06	3	0.83	81.9	20	0.36	15.09	18	0.43	3
RB966229 × RB996963	17.16	41	0.75	81.14	28	0.28	14.69	31	0.33	3
RB855156 × NA56-79	18.17	19	0.76	81.51	22	0.29	14.93	24	0.35	2

^*BRX: soluble solids content; TSH: tons of stalks per hectare; TBH: tons of brix per hectare; Genotypic means (Vg); classification (Clas) and accuracy (Ac).

Table 4 Families evaluated in the third test phase (T3) and advanced to the experimental phase (EPh), in 30 full-sib families.

Families	--------------------------------------------------T3------------------------------------------------------										EPh
	BRX^*				TSH			TBH
	Vg	Clas	Ac	Vg	Clas	Ac	Vg	Clas	Ac	n_k	n_k
CP72-2086 × RB965902	18.0	18	0.86	57.59	18	0.63	10.45	18	0.55	9	2
CP72-2086 × RB966928	17.9	23	0.78	61.51	3	0.52	10.95	1	0.44	3	1
NA56-79 × RB72454	17.4	29	0.78	62.04	1	0.52	10.88	3	0.44	5	1
RB011681 × RB72454	17.7	26	0.80	61.69	2	0.52	10.84	4	0.44	3	1
RB855156 × RB987935	17.9	21	0.75	60.07	5	0.46	10.73	7	0.38	2	1
RB855589 × RB966928	19.5	1	0.70	58.39	12	0.41	10.73	8	0.34	1	1
RB867515 × CP70-321	17.6	28	0.80	60.37	4	0.52	10.71	9	0.44	4	1
RB867515 × RB946903	18.5	9	0.76	58.79	9	0.47	10.69	10	0.39	2	1
RB867515 × RB965518	18.9	5	0.77	57.98	15	0.48	10.61	11	0.40	3	1
RB867515 × RB966928	18.2	14	0.69	58.29	13	0.40	10.53	14	0.33	2	1
RB867515 × RB996961	18.9	4	0.74	57.15	21	0.46	10.50	15	0.38	2	1
RB946903 × NA56-79	17.9	22	0.69	57.50	19	0.40	10.39	21	0.33	2	1
RB946903 × RB867515	17.6	27	0.74	57.60	17	0.46	10.38	22	0.38	3	1
RB946903 × RB987935	17.3	30	0.74	56.92	23	0.46	10.24	24	0.38	3	1
RB965518 × RB011681	19.0	3	0.86	59.60	7	0.61	10.89	2	0.52	3	0
RB965902 × CP72-2086	18.4	11	0.80	59.58	8	0.52	10.75	5	0.44	2	0
RB966229 × RB975932	18.3	13	0.71	59.80	6	0.41	10.74	6	0.34	1	0
RB966229 × RB996961	17.8	24	0.58	58.77	10	0.30	10.55	12	0.24	1	0
RB966928 × CP72-2086	18.1	16	0.69	58.42	11	0.40	10.55	13	0.33	2	0
RB966928 × RB867515	18.5	8	0.57	57.64	16	0.30	10.49	16	0.24	1	0
RB966928 × RB965518	18.0	19	0.74	58.13	14	0.46	10.48	17	0.38	2	0
RB966928 × RB975932	18.3	12	0.58	56.99	22	0.30	10.42	19	0.24	1	0
RB966928 × RB987935	18.7	6	0.58	56.66	24	0.30	10.40	20	0.24	1	0
RB966928 × TUC77-42	17.8	25	0.82	57.35	20	0.56	10.37	23	0.47	4	0
RB987935 × RB867515	18.5	7	0.79	55.43	25	0.50	10.21	25	0.42	2	0
RB987935 × RB946903	18.4	10	0.76	55.27	26	0.47	10.20	26	0.39	1	0
RB987935 × RB966928	18.1	15	0.69	54.46	29	0.40	10.12	27	0.33	1	0
RB987935 × RB975932	18.0	17	0.58	54.60	28	0.30	10.10	28	0.24	1	0
RB996963 × RB996961	17.9	20	0.75	54.85	27	0.47	10.08	29	0.39	2	0
TUC77-42 × RB966928	19.3	2	0.77	53.70	30	0.48	10.06	30	0.40	3	0

^*BRX: soluble solids content; TSH: tons of stalks per hectare; TBH: tons of brix per hectare; genotypic means (Vg), classification for the genetic value of the trait (Clas), accuracy (Ac) and number of clones (n_k).

Table 5 Families evaluated in the first test phase (T1) that had clones selected for the experimentation phase and mean in the third test phase (T3).

Families^*	Clone	----------------------T1------------------------			---------------T3--------------
		ABS^*	TSH	TBH	TSH	TBH
		Score	Clas(Vg)	Clas(Vg)	Mean	Mean
RB855156 × RB987935	RS/PR126066	5	6	3	63.09	10.84
RB867515 × RB946903	RS/PR126043	1	4	8	60.57	11.35
RB867515 × RB946903	RS/PR126044	5	4	8	56.09	9.75
RB867515 × RB965518	RS/PR126036	3	18	24	68.67	11.72
RB867515 × RB966928	RS/PR126063	2	12	14	57.67	10.38
RB867515 × RB996961	RS/PR126058	3	1	1	58.63	10.70
RB946903 × RB867515	RS/PR126052	5	24	29	64.08	11.67
RB965902 × CP72-2086	RS/PR126078	1	7	6	70.99	14.07
RB966928 × RB965518	RS/PR126015	2	34	33	59.85	10.89
RB966928 × RB975932	RS/PR126007	4	32	34	54.06	10.10
RB966928 × RB987935	RS/PR126025	2	10	10	56.56	10.38
RB987935 × RB867515	RS/PR126033	5	3	7	66.81	12.41
RB987935 × RB946903	RS/PR126069	2	30	35	56.61	10.11
RB987935 × RB966928	RS/PR126029	2	21	20	57.06	10.70
RB987935 × RB975932	RS/PR126074	2	9	13	61.62	10.89
RB72545 × ?	RB867515^$	-	-	-	70.15	12.69
RB855156 × RB815690	RB966928^$	-	-	-	64.20	12.65

^*ABS scores: 1- dead apical bud and necrotic lesion; 2 - dead apical bud, but with lesion immediately below the bud, visible lateral shoots; 3 - dead apical bud, with lesion below the bud, abundant lateral shoots;4 - apical bud with small lesion and presence of live tissue with growth return in the central axis of the stalk and without visible lateral shoots and 5- live bud, with no visible lesion and no lateral shoots. TSH: tons of stalks per hectare; TBH: tons of brix per hectare and classification (Clas) of the families based on the genotype means.^$ Commercial clones.

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[1] E-mail: afonso@agronomo.eng.br. ^*Corresponding author.