Effects of shading on the growth, development and yield of winged bean (<i>Psophocarpus tetragonolobus</i>)

Raai, Murthazar Naim; Zain, Nurul Amalina Mohd; Osman, Normaniza; Rejab, Nur Ardiyana; Sahruzaini, Nurul Amylia; Cheng, Acga

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20190570

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CROP PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 50 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190570 copy

Effects of shading on the growth, development and yield of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

Efeitos do sombreamento no crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade do feijão alado (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different shading regimes [i.e., 60% (heavy), 30% (moderate), and 0% (control)] on 25 traits associated with the morphological features, photosynthetic gas exchange and agronomic characteristics of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), an underutilized protein-rich legume from the tropics. Collectively, 80% of the studied variables displayed significant differences (P<0.05) between at least two shade treatments. Shading generally showed most pronounced effect on the physiological traits of the legume, whereby the stomatal conductance, photosynthetic and transpiration rate differed significantly among plants for all treatments. The non-shaded plants were observed to have superior growth and physiological responses than the shaded plants. Interestingly, the moderately shaded plants exhibited the highest yield per plant, which significantly differed from the non-shaded and heavily shaded plants. This indicated that winged bean can adapt to partial canopy cover, making it a potential nitrogen-fixing cash crop which can be planted together with fruit or oil trees in commercial plantations.

Key words:
morphology; physiology; shading; winged bean; yield

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare no conﬂict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

---------------------------Trait-----------------------		Non-shaded Plants (Control)	Moderately shaded plants (30% shade)	Heavily shaded plants (60% shade)
Growth	PH (cm)	374.9 ± 15.61 ^a	333.0 ± 3.83 ^b	290.2 ± 3.93 ^c
	NoB	47.9 ± 3.10 ^a	35.7 ± 0.81 ^b	33.6 ± 2.44 ^b
	NoL	104.0 ± 7.06 ^a	90.9 ± 1.69 ^b	76.0 ± 2.67 ^c
	NoN	16.6 ± 0.94^a	15.4 ± 0.78 ^ab	13.6 ± 0.38 ^b
	InL (cm)	14.3 ± 0.13 ^a	12.0 ± 0.45 ^b	10.9 ± 0.46 ^b
	DTF	48.9 ± 2.28 ^a	63.9 ± 0.34 ^b	67.1 ± 0.56 ^c
Yield	NoP	7.7 ± 0.36 ^b	10.3 ± 0.57 ^a	7.6 ± 0.53 ^b
	PodD (cm)	9.4 ± 0.88 ^a	9.9 ± 0.91 ^a	8.0 ± 0.61 ^a
	PodL (cm)	18.5 ± 1.70 ^b	26.9 ± 2.46 ^a	17.1 ± 2.36 ^b
	PodW (g)	6.3 ± 0.79 ^ab	7.5 ± 0.43 ^a	5.3 ± 0.97 ^b
	NoS	10.6 ± 1.34 ^b	13.5 ± 0.63 ^a	8.9 ± 1.41 ^b
	SD (cm)	0.8 ± 0.11^ab	1.0 ± 0.03 ^a	0.7 ± 0.08 ^b
	HSW (g)	20.8 ± 0.05 ^b	25.0 ± 0.05 ^a	19.6 ± 0.08 ^b
	YPP (g)	23.8 ± 1.06 ^b	28.9 ± 1.47 ^a	21.4 ± 1.48 ^b
	HI	0.2 ± 0.03 ^ab	0.3 ± 0.02 ^a	0.2 ± 0.02 ^b
In-situ chlorophyll	SPAD	36.17 ± 0.65 ^a	28.18 ± 2.18 ^ab	25.03 ± 2.00 ^b
Pigments	ChlA (ug/mL)	9.5 ± 1.06 ^a	13.0 ± 2.22 ^a	9.6 ± 1.87 ^a
	ChlB (ug/mL)	13.3 ± 0.92 ^a	13.6 ± 3.13 ^a	15.0 ± 1.81 ^a
	Car (ug/mL)	0.66 ± 0.06 ^a	0.92 ± 0.09 ^a	0.98 ± 0.10 ^a
Protein content	ProteinL (%)	15.8 ± 0.28 ^b	17.6 ± 0.30 ^a	14.6 ± 0.25 ^c
ProteinS (%)	31.7 ± 3.88 ^ab	35.4 ± 1.04 ^a	23.2 ± 1.86 ^b