The bovine postpartum period is characterized as a moment when the ovulation is suppressed, mainly in consequence of insufficient release of gonadotropins. Concepts and regulatory mechanisms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) had been described independently. This review covers the influence of nutrition and suckling with emphasis on GnRH regulation, and provides up to date concepts of neuroendocrine control of GnRH secretion during postpartum in cattle. Current knowledge of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), leptin, estrogens and kisspeptin during this period are presented in order to provide a better understanding of the subject.
bovine; GnIH; leptin; kisspeptin; adiponectin