Foliar mineral content of five shrub species with nutritional potential for small ruminants in semiarid regions in northeastern Mexico

Espinoza, Miguel Chávez; Rodríguez, Humberto González; Silva, Israel Cantú; Correa, Mauricio Cotera; Castillón, Andrés Eduardo Estrada; Barragán, Hugo Bernal; Meza, Marco Vinicio Gómez

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20200202

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ANIMAL PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 50 (10) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200202 copy

Foliar mineral content of five shrub species with nutritional potential for small ruminants in semiarid regions in northeastern Mexico

Conteúdo mineral foliar de cinco espécies de arbustos com potencial nutricional para pequenos ruminantes em regiões semiáridas do nordeste do México

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This study was conducted to determine the monthly composition of the minerals Ca, P, K, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in five shrub species that are consumed by small ruminants in the semi-arid regions of northeastern Mexico. Leaves samples of shrub species; Celtis pallida, Croton suaveolens, Forestiera angustifolia, Guaiacum angustifolium and Parkinsonia aculeata were randomly collected during twelve consecutive months from July 2018 to June 2019 in two sites, located in Linares and Los Ramones counties, in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Mineral content was analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while phosphorus was measured by the colorimetry method. The Linares county showed the highest content of macro- and micro-minerals. Among species, C. pallida showed the highest values of macro-minerals and P. aculeata content of micro-minerals was highest. Ca (total mean = 40.0 g kg^-1 DM), K (15.4 g kg^-1), Mg (3.7 g kg^-1), Fe (87.2 mg kg^-1), Mn (35.5 mg kg^-1) were available in adequate quantities, while P (1.3 g kg^-1 DM), Cu (6.4 mg kg^-1) and Zn (17.7 mg kg^-1) were found deficient. Shrub species in this study can be considered as a good source of Ca, K, Mg, Fe and Mn except in C. suaveolens. However, P, Cu and Zn must be supplemented.

Key words:
grazing animals; leaves; nutritional requirements

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: humberto.gonzalezrd@uanl.edu.mx. ^*Corresponding author

	-----------------------------Linares------------------------------			---------------------------Los Ramones-----------------------------
Month	T (°C)	RH (%)	Rainfall (mm)	T (°C)	RH (%)	Rainfall (mm)
July-2018	30.1	61.3	16.8	31.0	59.4	50.5
August	30.4	59.2	7.6	31.5	55.1	0.0
September	26.7	79.8	230.5	27.8	77.2	304.0
October	21.5	90.0	24.8	22.8	82.4	23.6
November	15.9	86.2	8.3	16.4	77.9	7.4
December	14.4	80.4	23.4	15.3	69.7	8.9
January-2019	14.1	81.9	35.1	14.3	77.2	20.8
February	18.2	73.8	5.1	18.6	69.2	0.3
March	19.5	76.5	58.4	19.8	73.9	42.7
April	24.0	61.9	2.8	24.4	60.6	1.0
May	27.2	76.3	85.3	27.8	74.9	171.7
June	29.6	68.8	56.6	30.3	69.8	36.1
			554.7^*			667.0^*

Site	-------------------------Linares--------------------------					--------------------Los Ramones-----------------
Month	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	Mean	SEM
July	62.5	11.2	12.8	45.0	25.0	40.3	11.4	8.7	31.5	16.2	26.5	0.9
August	52.5	9.7	10.6	45.8	19.5	48.8	11.2	16.3	53.4	24.8	29.3	0.9
September	113.3	13.3	16.7	83.5	34.2	94.5	15.1	16.9	50.9	27.5	46.6	0.9
October	73.0	19.9	19.4	89.3	26.4	80.5	15.8	15.2	78.9	18.5	43.7	0.9
November	86.4	16.8	19.6	91.7	27.0	101.6	14.7	16.0	63.2	15.9	45.3	0.9
December	58.5	22.6	24.9	61.4	36.0	65.0	19.5	19.5	53.2	16.2	37.7	0.9
January	64.6	25.3	24.7	52.6	30.0	62.6	22.6	23.2	54.9	17.9	37.8	0.9
February	64.6	25.1	17.2	58.1	24.1	57.8	17.4	22.5	52.4	17.0	35.6	0.9
March	91.2	20.5	23.3	52.3	17.5	73.6	33.5	47.0	54.2	32.4	44.6	0.9
April	80.7	19.7	10.9	40.5	7.3	65.2	13.6	12.7	58.1	7.4	31.6	0.9
May	132.6	19.0	13.0	53.2	18.9	130.9	14.0	12.6	71.7	19.4	48.5	0.9
June	120.4	23.5	18.1	77.2	37.6	121.8	16.2	15.9	79.1	20.1	53.0	0.9
Mean	83.4	18.9	17.6	62.6	25.3	78.6	17.1	18.9	58.5	19.4	40.0
SEM	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Site mean	---------------------------41.5---------------------------					--------------------------38.5------------------------
SEM	----------------------------0.3----------------------------					--------------------------0.3--------------------------
Factors	---Month (A)----	Site (B)		--Species (C)---		A x B	------A x C-----		------B x C------		----A x B x C-----
p	--------^***---------	^***		--------^***--------		^***	--------^***--------		--------^***--------		----------^***--------

Site	-------------------------Linares-------------------------					-------------------Los Ramones--------------------
Month	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	Mean	SEM
July	1.06	1.09	0.94	0.79	1.42	1.33	1.35	1.00	0.78	1.54	1.13	0.01
August	0.84	1.30	0.79	0.97	1.36	1.09	0.92	0.91	0.66	1.21	1.00	0.01
September	0.99	1.24	0.84	0.78	1.07	1.19	1.65	1.09	0.76	1.88	1.15	0.01
October	1.46	1.64	1.08	0.95	2.00	1.48	1.37	1.19	0.81	2.00	1.40	0.01
November	1.43	1.28	0.98	0.89	1.59	1.17	1.05	1.01	0.82	1.63	1.18	0.01
December	1.21	1.29	0.90	0.82	1.25	1.18	1.04	1.26	0.90	1.74	1.16	0.01
January	1.18	1.39	1.08	0.80	1.49	1.19	1.06	1.08	0.83	1.54	1.16	0.01
February	1.35	1.52	1.64	0.71	1.49	1.28	1.25	1.75	0.72	1.60	1.33	0.01
March	0.87	2.02	1.38	1.77	2.46	1.57	1.43	1.63	1.61	2.80	1.75	0.01
April	1.73	1.76	1.03	1.50	2.52	1.80	1.77	1.39	1.09	2.02	1.66	0.01
May	1.34	1.76	0.99	1.06	1.97	1.59	1.99	1.14	0.80	1.77	1.44	0.01
June	1.20	1.49	1.04	0.95	1.39	1.46	1.26	1.00	0.70	1.75	1.22	0.01
Mean	1.22	1.48	1.06	1.00	1.67	1.36	1.34	1.20	0.87	1.79	1.30
SEM	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Site mean	---------------------------1.29---------------------------					--------------------------1.31------------------------
SEM	---------------------------0.01---------------------------					--------------------------0.01------------------------
Factors	Month (A)		Site (B)	Species (C)		A x B	-------A x C-----		------B x C------		----A x B x C----
p	--------^***--------		^**	--------^***---------		^***	--------^***--------		---------^***--------		---------^***--------

Site	------------------------Linares------------------------					-------------------------Los Ramones---------------------
Month	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	Mean	SEM
July	13.9	14.8	24.4	5.0	11.9	20.3	21.0	16.1	6.1	11.8	14.5	0.4
August	14.4	12.2	13.7	5.8	13.3	16.6	16.0	15.6	6.6	11.7	12.6	0.4
September	13.4	13.3	13.8	4.6	11.3	15.9	20.9	16.0	7.7	12.2	12.9	0.4
October	22.5	25.9	16.3	4.1	13.7	14.1	23.7	21.7	6.9	14.7	16.4	0.4
November	16.5	19.9	11.8	4.1	12.1	12.7	24.0	23.0	7.1	16.5	14.8	0.4
December	22.5	23.7	13.9	4.6	11.4	17.3	23.1	21.5	10.0	17.8	16.6	0.4
January	19.6	18.1	18.5	8.9	14.9	14.2	15.4	18.0	12.4	15.7	15.6	0.4
February	22.6	15.0	19.4	8.7	12.9	17.0	15.7	17.4	8.6	17.0	15.4	0.4
March	19.7	19.7	20.9	11.2	14.9	14.2	18.2	17.5	14.1	16.9	16.7	0.4
April	19.8	22.9	18.2	11.2	15.8	18.4	23.2	22.8	11.1	14.3	17.8	0.4
May	18.0	17.6	16.4	7.8	14.0	19.4	20.7	15.0	10.5	12.8	15.2	0.4
June	21.8	20.9	21.5	7.5	15.2	17.5	21.7	18.9	9.2	12.0	16.6	0.4
Mean	18.7	18.6	17.4	7.0	13.5	16.5	20.3	18.6	9.2	14.5	15.4
SEM	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Site mean	----------------------------15.0----------------------------					-------------------------------15.8--------------------------
SEM	----------------------------0.1-----------------------------					-------------------------------0.1----------------------------
Factors	Month (A)	Site (B)		Species (C)	A x B	------A x C------			-------B x C------		---A x B x C--
p	--------^***---------	^***		---------^***--------	^***	---------^***-------			--------^***--------		-------^***-------

Site	--------------------------Linares-------------------------					------------------------Los Ramones--------------------
Month	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	Mean	SEM
July	6.5	2.7	2.4	4.4	3.3	6.8	3.8	2.7	3.9	2.2	3.9	0.1
August	6.0	2.3	2.4	4.6	2.0	7.9	3.5	3.3	4.5	1.9	3.9	0.1
September	7.2	2.7	2.7	5.8	2.8	8.1	3.9	2.8	4.3	2.1	4.2	0.1
October	6.7	4.4	3.2	5.5	2.2	8.1	3.9	3.0	4.8	2.4	4.4	0.1
November	5.9	4.2	3.7	5.8	2.5	8.4	3.3	3.3	5.1	2.2	4.4	0.1
December	3.4	2.5	2.5	4.1	1.7	7.1	2.4	2.3	3.4	1.5	3.1	0.1
January	5.8	2.5	2.0	2.3	1.6	6.8	2.6	3.4	3.8	1.9	3.3	0.1
February	4.6	3.3	1.8	3.4	1.5	5.8	2.7	3.1	3.7	1.4	3.1	0.1
March	5.8	2.5	1.7	3.0	1.6	6.9	3.4	2.5	2.3	1.8	3.1	0.1
April	5.5	2.7	1.5	2.3	1.5	6.9	3.9	2.4	3.4	1.5	3.2	0.1
May	6.2	2.8	1.2	2.7	1.6	8.2	3.3	1.6	3.7	2.1	3.3	0.1
June	6.3	2.8	2.4	3.9	2.0	8.0	3.9	2.7	4.7	2.3	3.9	0.1
Mean	5.8	2.9	2.3	4.0^*	2.0^*	7.4	3.4	2.8	4.0^*	1.9^*	3.7
SEM	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Site mean	----------------------------3.4---------------------------- -					---------------------------3.9-----------------------------
SEM	---------------------------0.0---------------------------					----------------------------0.0----------------------------
Factors	Month (A)		Site (B)	Species (C)		A × B	-----A x C------		--------B x C-----		---A x B x C--
p	---------^***---------		^***	---------^***---------		^***	--------^***-------		--------^***---------		--------^***-------

Site	-------------------------Linares-------------------------					-----------------------Los Ramones----------------------
Month	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	Mean	SEM
July	34.7	13.5	44.2	30.4	57.6	32.4	24.1	19.6	27.4	23.8	30.8	0.9
August	34.8	12.1	30.7	28.4	40.1	25.3	18.3	22.3	34.0	39.3	28.5	0.9
September	43.7	13.1	38.4	40.1	55.4	35.9	25.1	24.3	32.6	52.5	36.1	0.9
October	26.4	21.5	57.3	34.5	48.2	44.9	22.1	29.2	26.2	32.8	34.3	0.9
November	22.9	18.8	78.6	35.6	49.6	29.8	16.7	19.6	32.0	25.3	32.9	1.0
December	32.8	28.3	78.9	47.9	64.2	29.3	25.3	36.9	51.3	38.1	43.3	0.9
January	25.9	25.9	54.3	30.9	70.3	45.7	27.4	46.6	48.7	38.9	41.4	1.0
February	32.9	26.2	58.3	36.3	64.6	35.8	22.5	46.0	59.2	48.1	43.0	1.0
March	52.5	23.4	50.0	36.3	31.8	33.3	22.4	26.4	26.6	31.0	33.4	0.9
April	32.4	21.1	37.8	31.1	40.9	24.2	28.4	22.4	21.6	33.2	29.3	0.9
May	33.6	23.8	33.6	31.4	56.6	27.0	28.0	25.1	34.4	43.8	33.8	0.9
June	29.2	18.5	37.9	41.1	59.9	36.6	28.1	32.3	47.0	55.9	38.6	0.9
Mean	33.5^*	20.5	50.0	35.3*	53.3	33.3^*	24.0	29.2	36.7*	38.6	35.5
SEM	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Site mean	--------------------------38.5---------------------------					------------------------------32.4-----------------------------
SEM	--------------------------0.4-----------------------------					-------------------------------0.4-----------------------------
Factors	---Month (A)---			Site (B)	---Species (C)---	A × B	-------A x C------		-------B x C-------		--A x B x C--
p	--------^***--------			^***	--------^***---------	^***	---------^***--------		--------^***---------		------^***------

Site	------------------------Linares-------------------------					-------------------------Los Ramones------------------------
Month	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	C. p.	C. s.	F. a.	G. a.	P. a.	Mean	SEM
July	60.9	73.8	56.0	94.0	94.3	93.9	71.9	55.4	58.6	57.5	71.6	2.4
August	74.8	92.3	50.9	94.0	99.3	81.0	89.7	72.1	94.1	70.4	81.8	2.4
September	74.8	142.6	74.6	92.1	121.6	63.8	109.4	79.4	83.2	68.3	90.9	2.4
October	56.4	59.2	67.7	113.6	124.7	63.6	64.8	79.9	81.2	69.3	78.0	2.4
November	75.9	59.8	65.2	102.3	99.6	61.2	95.6	60.6	97.3	48.1	76.6	2.3
December	72.1	76.0	68.1	94.9	125.3	63.7	129.0	54.5	89.6	53.8	82.7	2.4
January	71.0	136.2	94.7	80.5	116.2	75.8	176.6	96.1	122.0	75.3	104.4	2.6
February	66.8	127.9	72.5	91.5	112.3	78.7	171.4	112.6	108.8	75.3	101.8	2.6
March	99.6	97.5	65.9	130.1	71.5	109.7	135.5	85.2	112.9	78.5	98.6	2.5
April	65.6	96.2	43.9	86.2	74.1	93.1	150.1	68.3	103.0	68.6	84.9	2.3
May	75.2	146.1	64.7	93.6	120.9	94.4	117.0	71.1	96.8	83.4	96.3	2.3
June	74.4	66.2	58.7	139.1	97.3	59.5	48.5	44.1	137.8	65.1	79.1	2.3
Mean	72.3	97.8	65.2	101.0	104.8	78.2	113.3	73.3	98.8	67.8	87.2
SEM	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.9
Site mean	-------------------------88.2---------------------------					------------------------------86.3----------------------------
SEM	-------------------------0.9----------------------------					------------------------------0.9-----------------------------
Factors	---Month (A)---		Site (B)	---Species (C)---		A × B	--------A x C-------		-------B x C------		--A x B x C--
p	--------^***--------		NS	--------^***---------		^***	----------^***---------		---------^***---------		--------^***------