Category |
Internal temperature (oC) |
Location (geographic coordinates) |
Management condition |
Reference |
Non-lactating and non-pregnant adult females (2.5 years old) |
39.30±0.37 |
Los Banos, Filipinas 14°15'N; 121°24'E |
confined in individual stalls |
KOGA et al. (2004KOGA, A. et al. Comparison of the thermoregulatory response of buffaloes and tropical cattle, using fluctuations in rectal temperature, skin temperature and haematocrit as an index. Journal of Agricultural Science, v.142, p.351-355, 2004. Available from: <Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-agricultural-science/article/abs/comparison-of-the-thermoregulatory-response-of-buffaloes-and-tropical-cattle-using-fluctuations-in-rectal-temperature-skin-temperature-and-haematocrit-as-an-index/D5FBFAA41C296B782456E8DD1694F970 >. Accessed: Mar. 02, 2021. doi: 10.1017/S0021859604004216. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/...
) |
Adult females in early lactation stage |
38.4±0.1 38.0±0.1 |
Karnal, India 29°42'N, 76°58'E |
access to sprinkler showers access to water for bath |
AGGARWAl & SINGH (2008) |
Non-lactating and non-pregnant adult females (4 to 5 years old) |
38.2±0.1 to 38.8±0.1 |
Belém, PA, Brazil 01°26'S; 48°26'W |
pasture, with neither shading nor water for bath |
SILVA et al. (2011SILVA, J. A. R. et al. Conforto térmico de búfalas em sistema silvipastoril na Amazônia Oriental. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira , v.46, p.1364-1371, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0100-04X2011001000033&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt >. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2021. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2011001000033. https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S01...
b) |
Non-lactating and non-pregnant adult females (4 to 5 years old) |
38.2±0.1 to 38.6±0.1 |
Belém, PA, Brazil 01°26'S; 48°26'W |
silvopastoral system |
SILVA et al. (2011SILVA, J. A. R. et al. Conforto térmico de búfalas em sistema silvipastoril na Amazônia Oriental. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira , v.46, p.1364-1371, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0100-04X2011001000033&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt >. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2021. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2011001000033. https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S01...
b) |
Non-lactating and non-pregnant adult females (6 to 7 years old) |
38.94±0.56 to 39.11±0.48 |
Belém, PA, Brazil 01°25'S; 48°26'W |
pasture, no shading, with water for bath |
GARCIA et al. (2011bGARCIA A. R. et al. Follicular features in Murrah, Mediterranean and Crossbred buffalo heifers submitted to exogenous control of ovulation. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, v.39, p.379, 2011b.) |
Non-lactating and non-pregnant adult females (6 to 7 years old) |
38.62±0.48 to 38.68±0.32 |
Belém, PA, Brazil 01°25'S; 48°26'W |
silvopastoral system (20% shaded area) |
GARCIA et al. (2011bGARCIA A. R. et al. Follicular features in Murrah, Mediterranean and Crossbred buffalo heifers submitted to exogenous control of ovulation. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, v.39, p.379, 2011b.) |
Lactating adult females (not reported age) |
38.66 38.25 |
Pattoki, Pakistan 31°02'N; 73°84'E |
stall with shade stall with shade, fans and sprinklers |
AHMAD et al. (2019AHMAD, M. et al. Different ambient management intervention techniques and their effect on milk production and physiological parameters of lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes during hot dry summer of subtropical region. Tropical Animal Health and Production , v51, p.911-918, 2019. Accessed: Nov. 11, 2021. doi: 10.1007/s11250-018-1774-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1774-...
) |