The ants of the genus Atta are important pests of several crops, pastures and planted forests. The entomopathogenic fungi are among the natural mortality factors of these ants and because of that they have potential to be use in biological control of this pest. The present research aimed to select isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana pathogenic to soldiers of Atta sexdens rubropilosa and Atta bisphaerica under laboratory conditions. To evaluate the pathogenicity, eight isolates of M. anisopliae and six of B. bassiana were used. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, being the plots composed by a group of ten soldiers per each ant species, and three replicates per treatment. For each isolate, three groups of soldiers were sprayed with conidial suspensions containing 1.0 x 10(8) conidia ml-1, kept in moist chamber (25±1°C, 80 1% of RH in the dark) without food, and the mortality was evaluated every day. From the 14 isolates tested, four of M. anisopliae and four of B. bassiana were pathogenic to soldiers of the both ant species. The virulence was evaluated to the isolates that caused mortality equal or higher than 50%. For each isolate, suspensions containing 1.0 x 10(6) to 1.0 x 10(11) conidia ml-1 were sprayed on three groups of ten soldiers, and equally kept as on the pathogenicity test. The mortality percentage was calculated each 24 hours for determining TL50. The isolate ENA04 of M. anisopliae was the most pathogenic, causing more than 80% of mortality in the first three days after inoculation, showed higher capacity of spore production on ant cadavers, and was the most virulent to the soldiers of A. bisphaerica, with a TL50 of 1.15 days. All pathogenic isolates of A. sexdens rubropilosa soldiers were equally virulent.
leaf-cutting ants; entomopathogenic fungi; pathogenicity; virulence
