Attitude and components of capacity building of rural youth for sustainable agricultural practices: case study of Punjab province Pakistan

Mehmood, Muhammad Umer; Luqman, Muhammad; Yaseen, Muhammad

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20230178

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RURAL SOCIOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 54 (5) • May 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20230178 copy

Attitude and components of capacity building of rural youth for sustainable agricultural practices: case study of Punjab province Pakistan

Atitude e componentes de capacitação de jovens rurais para práticas agrícolas sustentáveis: estudo de caso da província de Punjab, Paquistão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Inclusion of rural youth is of great importance to facilitate nutritional security and make the food chain more sustainable. A positive attitude is necessary for active participation in agricultural activities. This case study was an attempt to check the attitude of rural youth regarding sustainable farming and its contributing factors. The study was carried out in the Punjab province of Pakistan and a transverse research design was used for this quantitative study. An interview schedule was used for getting the face-to-face response of rural youth. To make the unknown population of rural youth in Punjab, the Fisher formula was used and a sample of 413 was selected from purposely selected three districts of Punjab. After recording data, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Descriptive Statistics was used to explain the response of rural youth for the decision on the base of data. Only 53 young farmers said that they have never been part of the formal education system and maximum number of farmers was close to 24 years of age or more than that. Rural youth of Punjab is lacking in non-formal education for acquiring or maintaining their skills & interests. Unemployment and having limited farm income are the biggest challenges that rural youth is facing. Rural youth show a strong inclination towards opting for sustainable farming alongside the availability of a supportive network. Regarding to learning capacities rural youth is lacking related to knowledge, communication means, novel approaches and in promoting sustainable farming initiatives. To achieve the goal of sustainability in changing environment, rural youth must have access to continuous training, communication sources, membership, or association with organizations with novel ideas covering all the changes happening in the farming business.

Key words:
rural youth; sustainability; attitude; determinants; trainings.

District	-------Population of Rural Youth-------	---Sample taken using 2^nd fold of formula i.e. ni = 1 ÷ ( 1/n + 1/N )---
Sargodha	417,281	138
Gujranwala	329,911	138
Muzaffargarh	580,822	137
Total sample size		413

Age range (years)	-------------Frequency-------------	--------Level of education--------	-------------Frequency-------------
15-19	83	No Formal Education	53
> 19-24	137	5 to 8years of schooling	36
> 24-29	193	10years of schooling	143
Total	413	12years of schooling	107
		16 and above years of education	74
		Total	413

Current status	---------------------------Percent---------------------------
Only Involved in Farming activities	24
Engaged in Agriculture. Entrepreneurship & Business	16.7
Unemployed and dependent But participate in farming	25.4
Engaged in Off-farm activity alongside farming	11.9
Student and involved in farming	22.1
Total	100

Attitude	-------------Mean-------------	---------------SD--------------
Better to do nothing than to opt SF	2.22	1.27
Lower stratum of society will take up SF	2.55	.95
SF is not profitable	2.44	1.08
SF can reduce the unemployment rate	3.15	1.19
Food security can be ensured by attracting youth to sustainable farming	2.92	1.18
Willing to adopt sustainable farming ways	2.99	1.10
Willing to attend the training on SF if given the opportunity	3.26	1.05
It is more productive to be involved in SF	3.01	1.08
Willing to seek knowledge on SF	3.08	1.06
Irrespective of the monetary benefits I am willing to adopt SF ways	3.03	1.05
It would improve the standard of living	3.25	1.08
As an Individual farmer, my SF efforts will be productive	2.96	1.15
SF is labor intensive	3.12	1.03
SF returns take too long	3.13	1.10
Would prefer formal employment alongside SF	3.21	1.15
Willing to be part of the groups for the promotion of SF methods	3.48	1.24

Determinants	---------No--------	--------Yes--------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Demographic--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Are you too young to adopt SAP	308	105
You don’t have enough education to adopt SAP	216	197
Your farm size is too small	259	154
Your annual income is too low	179	234
---------------------------------------------------------------------Learning Environment---------------------------------------------------------------------
Your agricultural knowledge is not enough to adopt the SAP	159	254
Communication means available to you are not enough to adopt SAP	154	259
Training received by you are not enough to be involved in SAP	244	169
Your novelty is not enough to participate in SAP	199	214
Your level of membership with the relevant organizations is unable to make you adopt SAP	277	136
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Services------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Your access to extension services is unable to make you adopt SAP	160	253
Your income diversification is not able to make you adopt SAP	294	119
Your Cosmopolitan status/access to Govt. services does not allow you adopt SAP	191	222
Your unemployment status is restricting from adopting SAP	296	117
Your access to credit from state entities makes you not adopt SAP	247	166

Areas of Training needs	----------------Mean---------------	------------------SD----------------
Building healthy soil and preventing erosion	2.14	.848
Managing water wisely	2.31	.747
Minimizing air and water pollution	2.34	.799
Storing carbon on farms	2.22	.805
Increasing resilience to extreme weather	2.09	.779
Promoting biodiversity	2.28	.735
Enabling farms of all sizes to be profitable	2.24	.799
Dealing fairly with its workers	2.29	.783
Promoting racial equity and justice	2.25	.813
Creating access to healthy food for all	2.26	.775
Prioritizing people and communities over corporate interests	2.44	.740
Crop rotation and embrace the diversity	2.37	.770
Growing perennials and cover crops	2.33	.780
Eliminating tillage or reducing the tillage	2.33	.767
Applying IPM	2.38	.784
Smart integration of crops and livestock	2.35	.721
Practicing or adoption of agroforestry	2.37	.738
Management of landscapes and whole system	2.38	.720
Communication to be sustainable farmer	2.46	.694

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: mumer9105@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

Non Formal Education Types	-------------Frequency------------	---------------Percent--------------
Community or non-credit adult education courses	51	12.3
Professional conference, workshop, seminars & training etc.	117	28.3
Continuing professional development	60	14.5
Never been part of non-formal education	185	44.8
Total	413	100