Understanding the dynamics of attributes of medium and short cycle rice cultivars under nitrogen effect

Marques Neto, Gil Cunegatto; Vahl, Ledemar Carlos; Sousa, Rogério Oliveira de; Peres, Milena Moreira; Vale, Marcos Lima Campos do; Carlos, Filipe Selau

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20210584

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SOIL SCIENCE • Cienc. Rural 53 (1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210584 copy

Understanding the dynamics of attributes of medium and short cycle rice cultivars under nitrogen effect

Compreendendo a dinâmica de atributos de cultivares de arroz de ciclo médio e curto sob efeito do nitrogênio

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Nitrogen (N) is the element supplied by the soil that limits the development of irrigated rice. The hypothesis of the present is that to meet higher demand for N by the plant due to the higher potential yield, it is not necessary to apply a higher dose of N fertilizer. This studyevaluated the efficiency of N utilization, the rate of growth and accumulations of N by plants and the grain yield of two rice cultivars, short cycle and medium cycle, with and without N fertilization. A field experiment was installed in the Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The treatment factors evaluated were cultivar, with medium and short cycles, with doses of 0 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Growth curves, absorption rate, N content and leaf area index over time, root area and grain yield were analyzed. The medium cycle cultivar has a greater potential to explore the environment when compared to the short cycle rice cultivar, both for greater leaf area and root area per cultivation area, as well as for longer exploration times. Thus, the medium cycle cultivar has greater N utilization efficiency and higher grain yield.

Key words:
irrigated rice; nitrogen fertilization; growth curve; absorption

Authorship

Gil Cunegatto Marques Neto

Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-610, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil..Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel)BrazilCapão do Leão, RS, BrazilFaculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-610, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil..

Intituto Rio Grandense do Arroz (IRGA), Itaqui, RS, Brasil.Intituto Rio Grandense do Arroz (IRGA)BrasilItaqui, RS, BrasilIntituto Rio Grandense do Arroz (IRGA), Itaqui, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-3515

Ledemar Carlos Vahl

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8009-1536

Rogério Oliveira de Sousa

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9857-5766

Milena Moreira Peres

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1751-3542

Marcos Lima Campos do Vale

Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri), Itajaí, SC, Brasil.Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri)BrazilItajaí, SC, BrazilEmpresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri), Itajaí, SC, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1101-1760

Filipe Selau Carlos ^*E-mail: filipeselaucarlos@hotmail.com. *Corresponding author

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-0399

E-mail: filipeselaucarlos@hotmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

Editors:

Leandro Souza da Silva (0000-0002-1636-6643)

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest in this article.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

All authors contributed equally for the conception and writing of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved of the final version.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Intituto Rio Grandense do Arroz (IRGA), Itaqui, RS, Brasil.Intituto Rio Grandense do Arroz (IRGA)BrasilItaqui, RS, BrasilIntituto Rio Grandense do Arroz (IRGA), Itaqui, RS, Brasil.

Figures | Tables

Figures (10)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
Experimental location in the municipality of Manoel Viana, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Adapted from Sousa et al. (2021SOUSA, Rogério Oliveira De et al. No-tillage for flooded rice in Brazilian subtropical paddy fields: history, challenges, advances and perspectives. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v.45, 2021. Available from: <Available from: https://www.rbcsjournal.org/article/no-tillage-for-flooded-rice-in-brazilian-subtropical-paddy-fields-history-challenges-advances-and-perspectives/ >. Accessed: Nov. 29, 2021.
https://www.rbcsjournal.org/article/no-t... ).

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Grain yield (A) and root surface area (B) of medium and short cycle cultivars submitted to two nitrogen levels, 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Vertical bar shows average data of 3 replicates. Error bars show standard deviation. Tukey (P < 0.05) compares the cultivars at the respective dose.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Temporal variation of the leaf area index (LAI) for nitrogen dose (A) and cultivar cycle (B) in irrigated rice submitted to two nitrogen levels: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence bands of model fits.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Temporal variation of dry matter of aerial part (DMAP) for nitrogen dose (A) and cultivar cycle (B) in irrigated rice submitted to two nitrogen levels: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence bands of model fits.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
Absolute growth rate for nitrogen dose (A) and cultivar cycle (B) in irrigated rice submitted to two nitrogen levels: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence bands of model fits.

Thumbnail

Figure 6
Aspect of the plants in the tillering phase - in the foreground a plot of cultivar IRGA 417 with N application and in the background on the left the same cultivar without N application.

Thumbnail

Figure 7
Total accumulated N (TAN) for nitrogen dose and medium and short cycle cultivars of irrigated rice submitted to two N levels: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence bands of model fits.

Thumbnail

Figure 8
Nitrogen level for N dose (A) and cultivar cycle (B) in irrigated rice submitted to two N levels: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence bands of model fits.

Thumbnail

Figure 9
Pearson correlation between the different attributes of rice plants evaluated in two doses of N and cultivars of short and medium cycle. lai: leaf area index, rsa: root surface area, dmap: dry matter of the aerial part, rgr: relative growth rate, dmp: dry matter of panicle, agr: Absolute Growth Rate, tan: total accumulated N, n: level of N, nue: N use efficiency and pnue: physiological N use efficiency. Significant at P < 0.05.

Thumbnail

Figure 10
Principal component analysis comparing medium and short cycle cultivars (A) and N doses (B). lai: leaf area index, rsa: root surface area, dmap: dry matter of the aerial part, rgr: relative growth rate, dmp: dry matter of panicle, agr: Absolute Growth Rate, tan: total accumulated N, n: level of N, nue: N use efficiency and pnue: physiological N use efficiency. Significant at P < 0.05.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Chemical characterization performed before the installation of the experiment for the parameters pH in water, effective CEC, CEC at pH 7.0, Aluminum Saturation (AlS), Bases Saturation (BS), organic matter, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K).

Thumbnail

Table 2
Dry matter of the Aerial Part (DMAP), Total Accumulated Nitrogen (TAN), Apparent Nitrogen Recovery (ANR), Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (NUE), Physiological Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (PNUE), and Agronomic Assessment of Nitrogen Use Efficiency (AANUE) for medium and early cycle irrigated rice cultivars submitted to two levels of nitrogen: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. The values of DMAP, TAN, N%, ANR, NUE and PNUE were estimated at physiological maturation from the previously adjusted models. Tukey (P < 0,05).

Figure 1 Experimental location in the municipality of Manoel Viana, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Adapted from Sousa et al. (2021SOUSA, Rogério Oliveira De et al. No-tillage for flooded rice in Brazilian subtropical paddy fields: history, challenges, advances and perspectives. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v.45, 2021. Available from: <Available from: https://www.rbcsjournal.org/article/no-tillage-for-flooded-rice-in-brazilian-subtropical-paddy-fields-history-challenges-advances-and-perspectives/ >. Accessed: Nov. 29, 2021.
https://www.rbcsjournal.org/article/no-t... ).

Figure 2 Grain yield (A) and root surface area (B) of medium and short cycle cultivars submitted to two nitrogen levels, 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Vertical bar shows average data of 3 replicates. Error bars show standard deviation. Tukey (P < 0.05) compares the cultivars at the respective dose.

Figure 3 Temporal variation of the leaf area index (LAI) for nitrogen dose (A) and cultivar cycle (B) in irrigated rice submitted to two nitrogen levels: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence bands of model fits.

Figure 4 Temporal variation of dry matter of aerial part (DMAP) for nitrogen dose (A) and cultivar cycle (B) in irrigated rice submitted to two nitrogen levels: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence bands of model fits.

Figure 5 Absolute growth rate for nitrogen dose (A) and cultivar cycle (B) in irrigated rice submitted to two nitrogen levels: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence bands of model fits.

Figure 6 Aspect of the plants in the tillering phase - in the foreground a plot of cultivar IRGA 417 with N application and in the background on the left the same cultivar without N application.

Figure 7 Total accumulated N (TAN) for nitrogen dose and medium and short cycle cultivars of irrigated rice submitted to two N levels: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence bands of model fits.

Figure 8 Nitrogen level for N dose (A) and cultivar cycle (B) in irrigated rice submitted to two N levels: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence bands of model fits.

Figure 9 Pearson correlation between the different attributes of rice plants evaluated in two doses of N and cultivars of short and medium cycle. lai: leaf area index, rsa: root surface area, dmap: dry matter of the aerial part, rgr: relative growth rate, dmp: dry matter of panicle, agr: Absolute Growth Rate, tan: total accumulated N, n: level of N, nue: N use efficiency and pnue: physiological N use efficiency. Significant at P < 0.05.

Figure 10 Principal component analysis comparing medium and short cycle cultivars (A) and N doses (B). lai: leaf area index, rsa: root surface area, dmap: dry matter of the aerial part, rgr: relative growth rate, dmp: dry matter of panicle, agr: Absolute Growth Rate, tan: total accumulated N, n: level of N, nue: N use efficiency and pnue: physiological N use efficiency. Significant at P < 0.05.

Table 1 Chemical characterization performed before the installation of the experiment for the parameters pH in water, effective CEC, CEC at pH 7.0, Aluminum Saturation (AlS), Bases Saturation (BS), organic matter, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K).

pH (water1:1)	CEC Effec.	CEC pH 7.0	AlS	BS	Organic matter	P	K
	-------------cmol_c dm³------------		-----------------------------%---------------------------			------------mg dm³----------
4.9	18.1	25.7	6.0	66.0	2.4	3.0	84.0

Table 2 Dry matter of the Aerial Part (DMAP), Total Accumulated Nitrogen (TAN), Apparent Nitrogen Recovery (ANR), Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (NUE), Physiological Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (PNUE), and Agronomic Assessment of Nitrogen Use Efficiency (AANUE) for medium and early cycle irrigated rice cultivars submitted to two levels of nitrogen: 0 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg N ha^-1. The values of DMAP, TAN, N%, ANR, NUE and PNUE were estimated at physiological maturation from the previously adjusted models. Tukey (P < 0,05).

Cultivar	Dose of N	DMAP	TAN	N%	ANR	NUE	PNUE	AANUE
Cultivar	kg ha^-1	--------------kg ha^-1-------------				-------------------------g g^-1-------------------------
Short	0	17270 b	16.2 b	0.81 b	--	106 a	44^ns	--
Short	150	22320 a	24.8 a	1.26 a	57	90 b	41	20.1
Medium	0	18990 b	13.3 b	0.76 b	--	143 a	71 a	--
Medium	150	25880 a	27.3 a	1.19 a	93	95 b	43 b	14.6

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[1] E-mail: filipeselaucarlos@hotmail.com. ^*Corresponding author