Mineral composition, histomorphometry, and bone biomechanical properties are improved with probiotic, prebiotic, and symbiotic supplementation in rats chronically exposed to passive smoking: a randomized pre-clinical study

Tribst, Marcelo Fernandes; Magalhães, Leticia Rocha; Silva, Ricardo Augusto; Caetano, Heliard Rodrigues dos Santos; Oliveira, Weber Gutemberg Alves de; Rufino, Marcos Natal; Keller, Rogéria; Sanches, Osimar de Carvalho; Louzada, Mario Jefferson Quirino; Bremer-Neto, Hermann

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20180695

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PATHOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 49 (5) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20180695 copy

Mineral composition, histomorphometry, and bone biomechanical properties are improved with probiotic, prebiotic, and symbiotic supplementation in rats chronically exposed to passive smoking: a randomized pre-clinical study

Composição mineral, histomorfometria e propriedades biomecânicas óssea são melhoradas com a suplementação de probióticos, prebióticos e simbióticos em ratos expostos cronicamente ao tabagismo passivo: estudo pré-clínico randomizado

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Cigarette smoke in large centers is one of the most important causes of chronic inflammatory diseases in public health and is associated with a decrease in bone mass, consolidation process, and bone remodeling. Due to their ability to improve intestinal absorption and compete with pathogenic microorganisms, dietary supplementation with functional foods may contribute to improvement in bone quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of functional, probiotic, prebiotic, or symbiotic food supplementation on mineral composition, histomorphometry, and bone biomechanical properties of rats in the growth phase, chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (T).Sixty-four young male rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n=8): control (C) [standard diet (SD)]; probiotic (Pro) [SD + probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum) (2-5 109 UFC each)]; prebiotic (Pre) [SD+ prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharide)]; symbiotic (Sym) (SD + probiotic + prebiotic); control smoking (SC) [(SD + exposure protocol to passive smoking (PS)]; probiotic smoking (ProS) (SD + probiotic + PS); prebiotic smoking (PreS) (SD + prebiotic + PS), and symbiotic smoking (SymS)(SD + prebiotic + probiotic + PS). The animals were euthanized after 189 days of the experimental protocol. Results showed that supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics significantly improved (P<0.05) the parameters: P, Ca, Mg, BMD, BMC, strength, resilience, and size of area of the femoral diaphysis of the animals chronically exposed or not cigarette smoke. We concluded that functional food supplementation improved the bone health of rats chronically exposed or not to cigarette smoke.

Key words:
functional foods; femur; bone mass; nutrition; cigarette smoke

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: hermann@unoeste.br. ^*Corresponding author.

Ingredients (g)	------------------------------------------------------------Diets--------------------------------------------------------------
	C	Prob	Pre	Sym
Corn meal	82.95	80.95	81.95	79.95
Soybean oil	7.00	7.00	7.00	7.00
L-Cysteine	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
Cellulose	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Sodium Chloride	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Vitamin mix^*	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Mineral mix^**	3.50	3.50	3.50	3.50
Probiotic^***	0.00	2.00	0.00	2.00
Prebiotic^****	0.00	0.000	1.00	1.00
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Group^*	Parameters
	Bone Densitometry and Mechanical Assay				Concentration of minerals in the femur (mg/g)
	BMD (g/cm²)	BMC (g)	Area (cm²)	Fmax (N)	Resilience (mJ)	R (10³N/m)	P^*	Ca^**	Mg^***
C	0.15±0.01^AB	0.28±0.02^AB	1.85±0.02^C	138.18±11.27^C	59.65±6.24^BC	275.92± 15.01^BCD	172.59± 2.08^B	350.59± 3.69^B	5.99±0.11^B
Pro	0.17±0.02^B	0.30±0.02^BC	1.90±0.02^D	147.36±10.50^C	61.62±5.89^BC	296.18± 10.62^D	179.47± 2.61^C	364.81± 3.41^C	6.73±0.17^D
Pre	0.17±0.01^B	0.32±0.01^BC	1.90±0.04^D	145.37±13.19^C	63.58±6.66^BC	288.64± 21.49^CD	177.79± 1.84^C	362.28± 2.00^C	6.44±0.20^C
Sym	0.17±0.01^B	0.33±0.03^C	1.88±0.03^CD	139.92±8.61^BC	67.24±1.93^C	276.31± 15.66^BCD	179.43± 3.01^C	363.75± 3.30^C	6.45±0.22^CD
CS	0.13±0.01^A	0.25±0.01^A	1.72±0.02^A	117.88±8.94^A	50.26±4.64^A	225.01± 12.39^A	162.98± 3.33^A	340.32± 2.65^A	5.23±0.09^A
ProS	0.14±0.01^A	0.26±0.01^A	1.80±0.03^B	137.24±9.71^B	57.39±2.91^AB	273.82± 15.53^BCD	169.92± 2.67^B	348.76± 5.61^B	5.87±0.19^B
PreS	0.14±0.01^A	0.26±0.01^A	1.80±0.04^B	125.68±7.54^AB	57.22±3.80^AB	268.48± 11.78^BC	168.83± 3.41^B	347.50± 5.89^B	5.75±0.22^B
SymS	0.14±0.01^AB	0.26±0.03^A	1.76±0.02^AB	121.40±8.35^A	58.11±3.35^AB	255.76± 13.13^B	170.17± 2.97^B	348.62± 4.55^B	5.72±0.22^B

Treatments	Regions
	Proximal	Medial	Distal
C	589.30 ± 46.50^D	580.90 ± 59.44^BCD	558.35 ± 80.16^BCD
Pro	632.83 ± 59.44^E	614.59 ± 120.12^DE	582.86 ± 57.67^CD
Pre	649.83 ± 65.52^E	596.55 ± 96.39^CDE	588.36 ±162.25^CD
Sym	623.88 ± 57.26^E	626.11 ± 62.84^E	608.36 ± 99.49^D
CS	440.29 ± 49.50^A	504.93 ± 100.21^A	510.78 ± 77.85^A
ProS	501.30 ± 59.60^B	544.04 ± 78.00^AB	551.90 ± 80.99^BC
PreS	554.09 ± 67.12^C	554.30 ± 114.68^B	550.31 ± 66.10^AB
SymS	516.94 ± 38.34^B	561.24 ± 53.11^BC	591.87 ± 73.44^CD