Viral diseases of sheep in Brazil: a review and current status

Cecco, Bianca Santana de; Santos, Igor Ribeiro dos; Molossi, Franciéli Adriane; Canal, Cláudio Wageck; Barros, Claudio Severo Lombardo de; Driemeier, David; Sonne, Luciana; Pavarini, Saulo Petinatti

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20220218

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil
SciELO.org - Rede SciELO
Blog SciELO em Perspectiva

Abrir menu

Brasil

Español English

Ciência Rural

Submissão de manuscritos
Sobre o periódico
Corpo Editorial
Instruções aos autores
Contato

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Resumo (Inglês)
Resumo (Português)

Texto (Inglês)

Download PDF (Inglês)

Compartilhe

Compartilhe
E-mail
Facebook
Twitter
Google+
LinkedIn
Reddit
StambleUpon
CiteULike
Mendeley

Sumário

Compartilhe
E-mail
Facebook
Twitter
Google+
LinkedIn
Reddit
StambleUpon
CiteULike
Mendeley

Resumo (Inglês)
Resumo (Português)

Texto (Inglês)

Download PDF (Inglês)

Microbiology • Cienc. Rural 53 (8) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220218 copy

Viral diseases of sheep in Brazil: a review and current status

Doenças virais em ovinos no Brasil: revisão e status atual

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The increase in sheep production is directly related to the health status of the flock. Brazil is one of the largest sheep producers in the world, and the sheep flock is concentrated in southern and northeast regions. Infectious diseases are responsible for severe economic losses resulting from a decrease in milk and meat production, deaths, and cost of treatment. Among infectious diseases, viral diseases are described chiefly in case reports or retrospective studies. This study aimed to review the main features of viral diseases that affect sheep in Brazil and their current situation in the Brazilian territory. We included eight viral diseases described in Brazil: rabies, bluetongue, contagious ecthyma, foot and mouth disease, visna-maedi, enzootic nasal tumor, ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and border disease. We review the etiological, epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings for each agent and included differential diagnoses, information on recommended diagnostic methods to confirm the disease etiology, and control measures. This study served as quick consultation material for field veterinarians for an accurate diagnosis.

Key words:
virology; pathology; ovine; diagnosis; Brazil

Authorship

Bianca Santana de Cecco ^*E-mail: biasantanacecco@gmail.com. *Corresponding author

conceptualization

writing-original draft

Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS),BrazilPorto Alegre, RS, BrazilSetor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-4011

Igor Ribeiro dos Santos

conceptualization

writing-original draft

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-7478

Franciéli Adriane Molossi

conceptualization

writing-original draft

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-6173

Cláudio Wageck Canal

writing-review and editing

Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)BrazilPorto Alegre, RS, BrazilLaboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-243X

Claudio Severo Lombardo de Barros

writing-review and editing

Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS)BrazilCampo Grande, MS, BrazilFaculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.

David Driemeier

writing-review and editing

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-0654

Luciana Sonne

writing-review and editing

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-8134

Saulo Petinatti Pavarini

conceptualization

writing-original draft

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8980-6294

E-mail: biasantanacecco@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

Editor: Rudi Weiblen(0000-0002-1737-9817)

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (8)
Tables (1)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Infectious viral diseases in sheep in Brazil between 1999 and 2019.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Rabies - A. Marked multifocal lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffs with multifocal gliosis. H&E stain; bar = 200 µm. B. Ganglioneuritis is characterized by severe infiltrate of lymphocytes in the ganglia, neuronophagia with Nageotte nodules. H&E stain; bar = 100 µm. c. Inclusion body in the perikarium of a neuron (Negri’s inclusion body). H&E stain; bar = 50 µm. d. Strong granular labeling of the neuronal perikaryum. IHC; bar = 100 µm.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Bluetongue - A. Abundant greenish mucous nasal discharge. Note the marked facial swelling, mainly on the upper lip. B. Rumen. Multifocal hemorrhages and erosions on rumen pillars and reticulum mucosa. C. Hemorrhages in the pulmonary artery. D. Large amounts of ingesta dilating the esophagus, which acquired the anatomic form of the organ. E. Lung and trachea. Increased, not collapsed, heavy, reddened, and shiny lung, with the rib impressions. In the trachea, there is a moderate amount of foamy content (edema). F. Photomicrograph of a section of the esophagus. The muscular layer of the esophagus presents severe multifocal to coalescing hyaline and flocculate degeneration and necrosis, with mild inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages and edema. H&E stain; bar = 200 µm.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Contagious ecthyma - A. Bilateral facial swelling, more evident in the nasal plane. B. Severe extensive bilateral proliferative and necrotizing cheilitis and dermatitis of the nasal plane and adjacent facial skin, with crusting, hyperpigmentation, edema, and swelling of the facial region resulting in partial obstruction of the nostrils. C. Violaceous erythematous lesion with a red outer ring and erythematous border in a human finger. D. Severe proliferative and necrotizing dermatitis with serocellular crusting, epidermal hyperplasia, severe intraepithelial neutrophilic infiltrate, ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes. H&E stain; bar = 200 μm.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
Visna-maedi - A. Lungs are pale gray to pink and non-collapsed, with rib impressions and a diffusely rubbery texture. B. On the cut surface, multifocal white areas were present throughout the pulmonary parenchyma, mainly surrounding bronchi. C. In the periventricular area there is focally extensive malacia with greyish discoloration. D. Lungs with interstitial pneumonia with distinct large lymphoid follicle-like structures around bronchi, bronchioles, and vessels. H&E stain; bar = 600 μm. E. In the mammary gland, similar lymphoid follicle-like structures are evident, in addition to interstitial lymphocytic mastitis. H&E stain; bar = 200 μm. F. In the periventricular areas, moderate number of macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate the neuropil, associated with necrotic debris, cholesterol clefts, and malacia. H&E stain; bar = 100 μm.

Thumbnail

Figure 6
Enzootic nasal tumor - A. Ewe shows emaciation, white mucopurulent nasal discharge, and mild facial enlargement in the nasal bone region. B. Tumor is characterized as a firm and white mass, which completely occluded the right nasal cavity. C. Neoplastic proliferation was characterized by epithelial cells, interspersed with scarce fibrovascular stroma. H&E stain; bar = 500 μm. D. Neoplastic epithelial cells arranged in a papillary growth pattern with mild anisocytosis and moderate anisokaryosis. H&E stain; bar = 45 μm.

Thumbnail

Figure 7
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma - A. Histopathology of the lesions reveals a multifocal characteristic growth of cuboidal cells along the alveolar walls and in the bronchi. H&E stain; bar = 200 μm. B. The tumor is a mixed adenocarcinoma with acinar and papillary growth patterns. H&E stain; bar = 50 μm.

Thumbnail

Figure 8
Border disease - Cellular disorganization in the cerebellar cortex, reduction of the granular layer of cerebellum associated with decreased cell density, and presence of large cytoplasmic vacuoles in the molecular layer. H&E stain; bar = 100 μm.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Infectious viral diseases in sheep in Brazil.

Figure 1 Infectious viral diseases in sheep in Brazil between 1999 and 2019.

Figure 2 Rabies - A. Marked multifocal lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffs with multifocal gliosis. H&E stain; bar = 200 µm. B. Ganglioneuritis is characterized by severe infiltrate of lymphocytes in the ganglia, neuronophagia with Nageotte nodules. H&E stain; bar = 100 µm. c. Inclusion body in the perikarium of a neuron (Negri’s inclusion body). H&E stain; bar = 50 µm. d. Strong granular labeling of the neuronal perikaryum. IHC; bar = 100 µm.

Figure 3 Bluetongue - A. Abundant greenish mucous nasal discharge. Note the marked facial swelling, mainly on the upper lip. B. Rumen. Multifocal hemorrhages and erosions on rumen pillars and reticulum mucosa. C. Hemorrhages in the pulmonary artery. D. Large amounts of ingesta dilating the esophagus, which acquired the anatomic form of the organ. E. Lung and trachea. Increased, not collapsed, heavy, reddened, and shiny lung, with the rib impressions. In the trachea, there is a moderate amount of foamy content (edema). F. Photomicrograph of a section of the esophagus. The muscular layer of the esophagus presents severe multifocal to coalescing hyaline and flocculate degeneration and necrosis, with mild inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages and edema. H&E stain; bar = 200 µm.

Figure 4 Contagious ecthyma - A. Bilateral facial swelling, more evident in the nasal plane. B. Severe extensive bilateral proliferative and necrotizing cheilitis and dermatitis of the nasal plane and adjacent facial skin, with crusting, hyperpigmentation, edema, and swelling of the facial region resulting in partial obstruction of the nostrils. C. Violaceous erythematous lesion with a red outer ring and erythematous border in a human finger. D. Severe proliferative and necrotizing dermatitis with serocellular crusting, epidermal hyperplasia, severe intraepithelial neutrophilic infiltrate, ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes. H&E stain; bar = 200 μm.

Figure 5 Visna-maedi - A. Lungs are pale gray to pink and non-collapsed, with rib impressions and a diffusely rubbery texture. B. On the cut surface, multifocal white areas were present throughout the pulmonary parenchyma, mainly surrounding bronchi. C. In the periventricular area there is focally extensive malacia with greyish discoloration. D. Lungs with interstitial pneumonia with distinct large lymphoid follicle-like structures around bronchi, bronchioles, and vessels. H&E stain; bar = 600 μm. E. In the mammary gland, similar lymphoid follicle-like structures are evident, in addition to interstitial lymphocytic mastitis. H&E stain; bar = 200 μm. F. In the periventricular areas, moderate number of macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate the neuropil, associated with necrotic debris, cholesterol clefts, and malacia. H&E stain; bar = 100 μm.

Figure 6 Enzootic nasal tumor - A. Ewe shows emaciation, white mucopurulent nasal discharge, and mild facial enlargement in the nasal bone region. B. Tumor is characterized as a firm and white mass, which completely occluded the right nasal cavity. C. Neoplastic proliferation was characterized by epithelial cells, interspersed with scarce fibrovascular stroma. H&E stain; bar = 500 μm. D. Neoplastic epithelial cells arranged in a papillary growth pattern with mild anisocytosis and moderate anisokaryosis. H&E stain; bar = 45 μm.

Figure 7 Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma - A. Histopathology of the lesions reveals a multifocal characteristic growth of cuboidal cells along the alveolar walls and in the bronchi. H&E stain; bar = 200 μm. B. The tumor is a mixed adenocarcinoma with acinar and papillary growth patterns. H&E stain; bar = 50 μm.

Figure 8 Border disease - Cellular disorganization in the cerebellar cortex, reduction of the granular layer of cerebellum associated with decreased cell density, and presence of large cytoplasmic vacuoles in the molecular layer. H&E stain; bar = 100 μm.

Table 1 Infectious viral diseases in sheep in Brazil.

Disease	Main Clinical Signs	Main Gross Findings	Main Histopathological Findings	Tissues to be Submitted to Virology
Rabies	Incoordination, opisthotonus, and convulsion (acute disease)	Unremarkable	Nonpurulent meningoencephalitis and meningomyelitis with ganglioneuritis and intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusion body	Brain samples from dead animals
Bluetongue	Respiratory distress, and fever (acute disease)	Severe pulmonary edema, hemorrhages, and ruminal content in nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi	Myonecrosis of the esophagus, heart, and skeletal muscle	Blood from live animals; lung, spleen, lymph nodes, brain, bone marrow, and liver samples from dead animals
Contagious ecthyma	Scabs in the lips and nose and anorexia (acute disease)	Papules, ulcers, and scabs at oral commissures, lips, and nose	Intracorneal vesicles, epithelium hyperplasia, and areas of epidermal ulceration	Scab material of papular lesions from live or dead animals
Foot and mouth disease	Lameness, anorexia, and fever (acute disease)	Loss of body condition and ulcerative lesions on the mouth, interdigital space, teats, vulva, and prepuce	Necrosis of the epithelium, with neutrophilic infiltrate and vesicle formation	Epithelial tissue of vesicles, heparinized blood, esophageal-pharyngeal samples, and milk from live or dead animals
Visna-maedi	Respiratory distress, ataxia, mastitis, and arthritis (chronic disease)	Heavy non-collapsed lung and softening of the periventricular white matter of the brain	Formation of lymphoid follicle-like structures in the lung, choroid plexus, and mammary gland	Serum from live animals; blood, lung, brain, mammary gland, and synovial capsule samples from dead animals
Enzootic nasal tumor	Respiratory distress, seromucoid nasal discharge, and progressive weight loss (chronic disease)	Tumor in the nasal cavity	Nasal adenocarcinoma	Tumor samples from dead animals
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma	Respiratory distress and abundant frothy secretion draining from the nostrils (chronic disease)	Heavy non-collapsed lung, with a large amount of fluid and raised grey nodules	Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma	Bronchoalveolar lavage samples from live animals; lung tissue samples from dead animals
Border disease	Weak lambs with conformation deformities, abortion, and stillbirths	Arthrogryposis, cerebellar dysplasia, hydranencephaly, and porencephaly	Cellular disorganization in the cerebellar cortex, reduction of the granular layer of the cerebellum, and hypomyelinogenesis	Heparinized blood samples from live animals; thyroid, kidney, brain, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes samples from dead animals

How to cite

copy

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Versão para download de PDF

PDF

Inglês

Versões e tradução automática

Versão original do texto

English

Tradução automática

Google Translator
Microsoft Translator

Como citar

RIS

BIBTEX

Outros formatos de citação e exportação:

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 1087 – 9º andar – Vila Clementino 04037-003 São Paulo/SP - Brasil
E-mail: scielo@scielo.org

Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

Viral diseases of sheep in Brazil: a review and current status

PlumX

Mensagem

[1] E-mail: biasantanacecco@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author