Factors associated with family violence against adolescents based on the results of the National School Health Survey (PeNSE)

Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Antunes, Juliana Teixeira; Prado, Rogério Ruscitto do; Assunção, Ada Ávila; Freitas, Maria Imaculada de

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018244.15552017

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde colet. 24 (4) • Apr 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018244.15552017 copy

Factors associated with family violence against adolescents based on the results of the National School Health Survey (PeNSE)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The study analyzes factors associated with family aggression against adolescents. Data from the National School Health Survey for 2015 were analyzed, and the prevalence of physical aggression per family was calculated according to four blocks. The bivariate analysis was performed, calculating the unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR) within each block and the multivariate regression. Familial aggression was reported by 14.5%. The variables associated with the model were: female, black, yellow, brown, mothers with no higher educational level, adolescent workers (OR 2.10 CI 95% 1.78-2.47). In the family context, they remained associated with aggression, lack of parents “understanding” (OR 1.71 CI95% 1.63 -1.80) and their intrusion into adolescent’s privacy (OR 1.80 CI95% 1.70 -1, 91). Report of missing school (OR1.43 CI95% 1.36-1.50). Among the behaviors: smoking (OR 1.23 CI95% 1.12-1.34), alcohol (OR 1.49 CI95% 1.41-1.57), drug experience (OR 1.24 CI95% 1, 15-1,33), early sexual intercourse (OR 1.40 CI95% 1.33 -1.48), reports of loneliness, insomnia and bullying (ORa 2.14 CI95% 2.00-2.30). It is concluded by the association between violence and gender, greater victimization of girls, living in unfavorable social and family contexts.

Domestic violence; Maltreatment; Adolescent; Smoking; Survey

	Outcome

Variable	%	CI (95%)		OR	CI (95%)		P - value

		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Total	14.5	14.3	14.7
Age
< 13 years	13.3	10.3	17.0	0.95	0.71	1.27	0.737
13 years	13.9	13.1	14.7	1.00
14 years	13.5	12.9	14.1	0.97	0.92	1.02	0.213
15 years	16.2	15.3	17.0	1.20	1.13	1.27	< 0.001
16 years and over	17.4	16.7	18.1	1.31	1.23	1.40	< 0.001
Sex
Male	13.8	13.4	14.3	0.90	0.87	0.93	< 0.001
Female	15.1	14.8	15.4	1.00
Color/race
White	13.1	12.0	14.2	1.00
Black	16.8	15.4	18.3	1.35	1.28	1.42	< 0.001
Yellow	18.1	16.3	19.9	1.47	1.35	1.60	< 0.001
Brown	14.5	13.4	15.7	1.13	1.09	1.18	< 0.001
Indigenous	16.1	14.9	17.4	1.28	1.16	1.41	< 0.001
School
Public	14.8	14.1	15.4	1.00
Private	13.0	12.4	13.6	0.86	0.82	0.91	< 0.001
Works
No	13.5	13.0	14.1	1.00
Yes	20.8	20.2	21.5	1.68	1.61	1.76	< 0.001
Paid work
No	13.8	13.2	14.3	1.00
Yes	19.9	19.2	20.6	1.56	1.48	1.63	< 0.001
Maternal schooling
No schooling	19.5	18.3	20.8	1.62	1.50	1.76	< 0.001
Primary	15.1	14.4	15.8	1.19	1.13	1.26	< 0.001
Secondary	14.6	13.9	15.4	1.15	1.09	1.22	< 0.001
Higher education	13.0	12.5	13.5	1.00

	Outcome

Variable	%	CI (95%)		OR	CI (95%)		P - value

		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Living with mother and/or father
No	17.2	16.2	18.2	1.00
Yes	14.3	14.1	14.5	0.81	0.75	0.86	< 0.001
Family supervision
No	21.2	20.6	21.8	1.00
Yes	11.1	10.9	11.3	0.47	0.45	0.48	< 0.001
Skipping lessons
No	12.1	11.7	12.5	1.00
Yes	22.4	21.9	23.0	2.10	2.02	2.18	< 0.001
Parents understand children’s problems
No (never, rarely, sometimes)	18.5	18.0	19.1	2.22	2.14	2.31	< 0.001
Yes - (most of the time or always)	9.3	9.0	9.6	1.00
Parents go through children’s things
No (never, rarely, sometimes)	13.0	12.5	13.5	1.00
Yes - (most of the time or always)	24.6	23.8	25.3	2.17	2.08	2.27	< 0.001
Do you spend time together with your parents/guardians during mealtimes
No	24.2	23.0	25.4	2.20	2.06	2.35	< 0.001
Twice or under twice per week	18.8	18.2	19.5	1.60	1.53	1.67	< 0.001
Three to four times per week	17.5	16.3	18.8	1.46	1.34	1.60	< 0.001
Five times or more per week	12.7	12.4	12.9	1.00
Had been in the presence of people who smoke
No	11.2	10.8	11.5	1.00
Yes	17.7	17.4	18.1	1.72	1.66	1.78	< 0.001
Parents/guardians smoke
No	13.0	12.5	13.4	1.00
Yes	17.6	17.2	18.1	1.44	1.38	1.49	< 0.001

	Outcome

Variable	%	CI (95%)		OR	CI (95%)		P - value

		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Regular smoker
No	13.4	12.7	14.1	1.00
Yes	33.0	31.8	34.2	3.18	3.00	3.38	< 0.001
Regular drinker
No	11.4	11.0	11.8	1.00
Yes	24.5	23.9	25.0	2.52	2.43	2.61	< 0.001
Has tried drugs
No	13.1	12.6	13.7	1.00
Yes	28.6	27.7	29.5	2.66	2.53	2.79	< 0.001
Has had sexual relations
No	11.7	11.3	12.0	1.00
Yes	22.0	21.5	22.5	2.14	2.07	2.22	< 0.001
Eats fruit on a regular basis (> 5 times a week)
No	14.6	14.1	15.0	1.00
Yes	14.3	13.9	14.7	0.98	0.94	1.01	0.222
Daily physical activity
No	14.4	13.9	14.9	1.00
Yes	14.9	14.5	15.4	1.05	1.00	1.09	0.045

	Outcome

Variable	%	CI (95%)		OR	CI (95%)		P - value

		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Feeling lonely
No	12.3	11.9	12.8	1.00
Yes	25.6	24.9	26.2	2.44	2.35	2.54	< 0.001
Insomnia
No	12.8	12.3	13.3	1.00
Yes	27.6	26.8	28.4	2.60	2.48	2.72	< 0.001
Friends
1 or more	14.2	13.3	15.2	1.00
No friends	20.8	19.6	22.0	1.59	1.47	1.71	< 0.001
Being bullied
No	13.2	12.6	13.9	1.00
Yes	30.1	29.1	31.1	2.82	2.68	2.98	< 0.001

Variable	OR	CI(95%)		p-value

		Lower	Upper
Age
< 13 years	1.04	0.74	1.47	0.811
13 years	1.00
14 years	0.82	0.77	0.88	< 0.001
15 years	0.80	0.74	0.86	< 0.001
16 years and over	0.73	0.67	0.79	< 0.001
Sex
Male	0.94	0.90	0.99	0.011
Female	1.00
Color/race
White	1.00
Black	1.12	1.04	1.21	0.002
Yellow	1.21	1.09	1.35	< 0.001
Brown	1.08	1.02	1.13	0.005
Indigenous	1.09	0.96	1.23	0.183
School
Public	1.00
Private	1.13	1.05	1.20	< 0.001
Maternal schooling
No schooling	1.41	1.29	1.55	< 0.001
Primary	1.13	1.06	1.21	< 0.001
Secondary	1.13	1.06	1.20	< 0.001
Higher education	1.00
Living with mother and/or father
No	1.00
Yes	1.15	1.04	1.27	0.007
Works
No	1.00
Yes	2.10	1.78	2.47	< 0.001
Paid work
No	1.00
Yes	0.57	0.48	0.68	< 0.001
Feeling lonely
No	1.00
Yes	1.41	1.33	1.49	< 0.001
Insomnia
No	1.00
Yes	1.49	1.40	1.59	< 0.001
Family supervision
No	1.00
Yes	0.65	0.62	0.68	< 0.001
Skipping lessons
No	1.00
Yes	1.43	1.36	1.50	< 0.001
Regular smoker
No	1.00
Yes	1.23	1.12	1.34	< 0.001
Regular drinker
No	1.00
Yes	1.49	1.41	1.57	< 0.001
Has tried drugs
No	1.00
Yes	1.24	1.15	1.33	< 0.001
Has had sexual relations
No	1.00
Yes	1.40	1.33	1.48	< 0.001
Parents understand children’s problems
No (never, rarely, sometimes)	1.71	1.63	1.80	< 0.001
Yes (most of the time or always)	1.00
Parents go through children’s things
No (never, rarely, sometimes)	1.00
Yes (most of the time or always)	1.80	1.70	1.91	< 0.001
Had been in the presence of people who smoke
No	1.00
Yes	1.24	1.18	1.30	< 0.001
Parents/guardians smoke
No	1.00
Yes	1.09	1.04	1.15	0.001
Being bullied
No	1.00
Yes	2.14	2.00	2.30	< 0.001
Do you spend time together with your parents/guardians during mealtimes
No	1.29	1.18	1.41	< 0.001
Twice or under twice per week	1.17	1.11	1.24	< 0.001
Three to four times per week	1.25	1.13	1.39	< 0.001
Five times or more per week	1.00

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[1] Collaborations

DC Malta participated in study conception, data analysis and interpretation, carried out the literature review, and contributed to the critical revision of this manuscript and final approval of the version to be published. RR Prado participated in data analysis and interpretation and contributed to the revision of the final version of this manuscript. JT Antunes, AA Assunção, and MI Freitas, contributed to the critical revision of this manuscript and final approval of the version to be published. All authors approved the final revision of this manuscript.