Dance as an intervention to improve mobility and balance in elderly: a literature review

Oliveira, Cléia Rocha de; Figueiredo, Anelise Ineu; Schiavo, Aniuska; Martins, Lucas Athaydes; Telles, Maria Eduarda; Rodrigues, Giovana Adamatti; Mestriner, Regis Gemerasca

doi:10.1590/1413-81232020255.20002018

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ARTIGO • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 25 (5) • May 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020255.20002018 copy

Dance as an intervention to improve mobility and balance in elderly: a literature review

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Abstract

The aim of the present review was to identify whether dance protocols can benefit mobility and balance in elderly. A literature review was conducted in which 927 potentially relevant studies were identified (published in Portuguese, English, French, German, Spanish or Italian). There was no publication period restriction. After reading the titles, abstracts and review of the exclusion criteria, 15 randomized controlled trials were included. Most of the studies evaluated female subjects, using heterogeneous protocols of intervention and unspecific control groups. In addition, the period of exposure to dance was generally short: 2.6 weekly practices, of 59.1 minutes each, performed through 12.1 weeks. Dance was shown to be beneficial in 77.6% of the evaluated outcomes, exhibiting a moderate effect size for static balance and functional balance; and small effect size for mobility and strength/resistance of the lower limbs. However, future studies with the use of specific control groups and adoption of longer lasting protocols are necessary to evaluate the actual size effect that dance has on the maintenance of mobility and balance in elderly.

Key words
Dance; Balance; Mobility; Elderly

Estudo	Intervenção	Comparador
Hopkins et al., 1990⁴⁰40 Hopkins DR, Murrah B, Hoeger WW, Rhodes RC. Effect of low-impact aerobic dance on the functional fitness of elderly women. Gerontologist 1990; 30(2):189-192.	Dança aeróbica de baixo impacto	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras
Shigematsu et al., 2002⁴¹41 Shigematsu R, Chang M, Yabushita N, Sakai T, Nakagaichi M, Nho H, Tanaka K. Dance-based aerobic exercise may improve indices of falling risk in older women. Age Ageing 2002; 31(4):261-266.	Dança baseada em exercícios aeróbicos	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras
McKinley et al., 2008¹⁷17 McKinley P, Jacobson A, Leroux A, Bednarczyk V, Rossignol M, Fung J. Effect of a community-based Argentine tango dance program on functional balance and confidence in older adults. J Aging Phys Act 2008; 16(4):435-453.	Tango	Caminhadas
Eyigor et al., 2009⁴²42 Eyigor S, Karapolat H, Durmaz B, Ibisoglu U, Cakir S. A randomized controlled trial of Turkish folklore dance on the physical performance, balance, depression and quality of life in older women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 48(1):84-88.	Dança folclórica turca e orientação sobre caminhadas	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras
Sofianidis et al., 2009²⁰20 Sofianidis G, Hatzitaki V, Douka S, Grouios G. Effect of a 10-week traditional dance program on static and dynamic balance control in elderly adults. J Aging Phys Act 2009; 17(2):167-180.	Dança tradicional grega	Não mencionado
Borges et al., 2012³⁴34 Borges EG, Cader SA, Vale RG, Cruz TH, Carvalho MC, Pinto FM, Dantas EH. The effect of ballroom dance on balance and functional autonomy among the isolated elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55(2):492-496.	Dança de salão	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras
Granacher et al., 2012⁴³43 Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Bridenbaugh S, Wolf M, Roth R, Gschwind YJ, Wolf I, Mata R, Kressig RW. Effects of a salsa dance training on balance and strength performance in older adults. Gerontology 2012; 58(4):305-312.	Salsa	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras
Janyacharoen et al., 2013¹⁸18 Janyacharoen T, Laophosri M, Kanpittaya J, Auvichayapat P, Sawanyawisuth K. Physical performance in recently aged adults after 6 weeks traditional Thai dance: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:855-859.	Dança tailandesa	Orientações sobre exercícios aeróbicos na rotina
Kattenstroth et al., 2013²¹21 Kattenstroth JC, Kalisch T, Holt S, Tegenthoff M, Dinse HR. Six months of dance intervention enhances postural, sensorimotor, and cognitive performance in elderly without affecting cardio-respiratory functions. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:5.	Dança para idosos (tipo não especificado)	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras
Krampe, 2013²³23 Krampe J. Exploring the effects of dance-based therapy on balance and mobility in older adults. West J Nurs Res 2013; 35(1):39-56.	Dança aeróbica de baixo impacto	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras
Borges et al., 2014⁴⁴44 Borges EG, Vale RG, Cader SA, Leal S, Miguel F, Pernambuco CS, Dantas EH. Postural balance and falls in elderly nursing home residents enrolled in a ballroom dancing program. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59(2):312-316.	Dança de salão	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras
Coubard et al., 2014⁴⁵45 Coubard OA, Ferrufino L, Nonaka T, Zelada O, Bril B, Dietrich G. One month of contemporary dance modulates fractal posture in aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:17.	Dança contemporânea	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras
Cruz-Ferreira et al., 2015⁴⁶46 Cruz-Ferreira A, Marmeleira J, Formigo A, Gomes D, Fernandes J. Creative Dance Improves Physical Fitness and Life Satisfaction in Older Women. Res Aging 2015; 37(8):837-855.	Dança criativa (sem estilo definido)	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras
Eggenberger et al., 2016¹⁹19 Eggenberger P, Wolf M, Schumann M, De Bruin ED. Exergame and balance training modulate prefrontal brain activity during walking and enhance executive function in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:66.	Dança interativa com videogame	Treino de equilíbrio e alongamentos
Merom et al., 2016³⁷37 Merom D, Grunseit A, Eramudugolla R, Jefferis B, Mcneill J, Anstey KJ. Cognitive benefits of social dancing and walking in old age: the Dancing Mind randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:26.	Dança folclórica australiana ou de salão^* * A escolha dependia da preferência do participante.	Seguir atividades usuais/rotineiras

Estudo	Amostra (n)		Idade (anos)		Gênero fem. (%)		Frequência semanal	Duração Sessão (min)	Tempo de Intervenção (semanas)
Estudo	Dança	Controle	Dança	Controle	Dança	Controle	Frequência semanal	Duração Sessão (min)	Tempo de Intervenção (semanas)
Hopkins et al., 1990⁴⁰40 Hopkins DR, Murrah B, Hoeger WW, Rhodes RC. Effect of low-impact aerobic dance on the functional fitness of elderly women. Gerontologist 1990; 30(2):189-192.	35	30	65,0±3,7	66,0±3,8	100	100	3	50	12
Shigematsu et al., 2002⁴¹41 Shigematsu R, Chang M, Yabushita N, Sakai T, Nakagaichi M, Nho H, Tanaka K. Dance-based aerobic exercise may improve indices of falling risk in older women. Age Ageing 2002; 31(4):261-266.	20	18	78,6±4,0	79,8±5,0	100	100	3	60	12
McKinley et al., 2008¹⁷17 McKinley P, Jacobson A, Leroux A, Bednarczyk V, Rossignol M, Fung J. Effect of a community-based Argentine tango dance program on functional balance and confidence in older adults. J Aging Phys Act 2008; 16(4):435-453.	14	11	78,1±7,6	74,6±8,4	78,6	72,7	2	120	10
Eyigor et al., 2009⁴²42 Eyigor S, Karapolat H, Durmaz B, Ibisoglu U, Cakir S. A randomized controlled trial of Turkish folklore dance on the physical performance, balance, depression and quality of life in older women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 48(1):84-88.	19	18	73,5±7,6	71,2±5,5	100	100	3	60	8
Sofianidis et al., 2009²⁰20 Sofianidis G, Hatzitaki V, Douka S, Grouios G. Effect of a 10-week traditional dance program on static and dynamic balance control in elderly adults. J Aging Phys Act 2009; 17(2):167-180.	14	12	69,23±4,4	72,57±5,3	92,9	58,3	2	60	10
Borges et al., 2012³⁴34 Borges EG, Cader SA, Vale RG, Cruz TH, Carvalho MC, Pinto FM, Dantas EH. The effect of ballroom dance on balance and functional autonomy among the isolated elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55(2):492-496.	39	36	67,95±1,3	67,22±1,3	NI	NI	3	50	32
Granacher et al., 2012⁴³43 Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Bridenbaugh S, Wolf M, Roth R, Gschwind YJ, Wolf I, Mata R, Kressig RW. Effects of a salsa dance training on balance and strength performance in older adults. Gerontology 2012; 58(4):305-312.	14	14	71,6±5,3	68,9±4,7	65	57	2	60	8
Janyacharoen et al., 2013¹⁸18 Janyacharoen T, Laophosri M, Kanpittaya J, Auvichayapat P, Sawanyawisuth K. Physical performance in recently aged adults after 6 weeks traditional Thai dance: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:855-859.	20	18	64,9±4,0	66,8±6,0	95,5	95	3	40	6
Kattenstroth et al., 2013²¹21 Kattenstroth JC, Kalisch T, Holt S, Tegenthoff M, Dinse HR. Six months of dance intervention enhances postural, sensorimotor, and cognitive performance in elderly without affecting cardio-respiratory functions. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:5.	25	10	68,6±1,5	72,3±1,8	68	70	1	60	24
Krampe, 2013²³23 Krampe J. Exploring the effects of dance-based therapy on balance and mobility in older adults. West J Nurs Res 2013; 35(1):39-56.	12	15	85,0±8,5	85,0±8,9	73	50	3	45	6
Borges et al., 2014⁴⁴44 Borges EG, Vale RG, Cader SA, Leal S, Miguel F, Pernambuco CS, Dantas EH. Postural balance and falls in elderly nursing home residents enrolled in a ballroom dancing program. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59(2):312-316.	30	29	68,0±8,3	67,0±7,7	NI	NI	3	50	12
Coubard et al., 2014⁴⁵45 Coubard OA, Ferrufino L, Nonaka T, Zelada O, Bril B, Dietrich G. One month of contemporary dance modulates fractal posture in aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:17.	19	19	70,6±7,3	72,6±8,6	100	95	3	90	4
Cruz-Ferreira et al., 2015³⁶36 Perracini MR, Ramos LR. Fall-related factors in a cohort of elderly community residents. Rev Saude Publica 2002; 36(6):709-716.	32	25	71,1±3,9	72,8±4,5	100	100	3	50	24
Eggenberger et al., 2016¹⁹19 Eggenberger P, Wolf M, Schumann M, De Bruin ED. Exergame and balance training modulate prefrontal brain activity during walking and enhance executive function in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:66.	19	14	72,8±5,9	77,8±7,4	12,6	9,6	3	30	8
Merom et al., 2016³⁷37 Merom D, Grunseit A, Eramudugolla R, Jefferis B, Mcneill J, Anstey KJ. Cognitive benefits of social dancing and walking in old age: the Dancing Mind randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:26.	279	251	43%(>80)^* * O estudo não apresenta valores exatos, apenas o percentual de sujeitos com idade > 80 anos.	35%(>80)^* * O estudo não apresenta valores exatos, apenas o percentual de sujeitos com idade > 80 anos.	83	86	2	60	48

Estudo	Desfechos	Dança (Pré) Média ± DP	Dança (Pós) Média ± DP	Dança (TE) d de Cohen	Controle (Pré) Média ± DP	Controle (Pós) Média ± DP	Controle (TE) d de Cohen	Δd
Hopkins et al., 1990⁴⁰40 Hopkins DR, Murrah B, Hoeger WW, Rhodes RC. Effect of low-impact aerobic dance on the functional fitness of elderly women. Gerontologist 1990; 30(2):189-192.	Alcance funcional modificado (cm)	28,0±7,6	30,5±7,6	0,32	30,5±7,6	30,5±7,6	0,00	↑ 0,32
	Sentar e levantar em 30s (repetições)	13,0±5,0	21,0±4,0	1,77	11,0±4,0	11,0±4,0	0,00	↑ 1,77
	Equilíbrio unipodal (s)	25,0±8,0	28,0±10,0	0,33	20,0±6,0	20,0±10,0	0,00	↑ 0,33
Shigematsu et al., 2002⁴¹41 Shigematsu R, Chang M, Yabushita N, Sakai T, Nakagaichi M, Nho H, Tanaka K. Dance-based aerobic exercise may improve indices of falling risk in older women. Age Ageing 2002; 31(4):261-266.	Equilíbrio unipodal, olhos abertos (s)	23,1±18,1	24,6±17,3	0,08	17,9±13,8	16,6±15,8	-0,09	↑ 0,17
	Equilíbrio unipodal, olhos fechados (s)	2,8±1,2	4,1±2,0	0,79	6,1±10,2	5,3±5,3	-0,09	↑ 0,88
	Alcance funcional (cm)	23,7±4,5	26,1±3,6	0,59	24,1±8,8	23,3±7,6	-0,09	↑ 0,68
	Caminhada entre 2 cones (s)	31,8±7,3	25,7±5,0	-0,97	32,4±8,4	33,6±9,0	0,14	↑ 1,11
	Teste de caminhada de 3 min (m)	212,4±27,9	193,9±39,5	-0,54	204,6±16,8	212,0±16,1	0,45	↓ 0,99
McKinley et al., 2008¹⁷17 McKinley P, Jacobson A, Leroux A, Bednarczyk V, Rossignol M, Fung J. Effect of a community-based Argentine tango dance program on functional balance and confidence in older adults. J Aging Phys Act 2008; 16(4):435-453.	Escala ABC (%)	71,3±13,7	81,9±12,63	0,80	86,2 ± 9,75	87,15 ± 9,61	0,09	↑ 0,71
	Teste de sentar e levantar (repetições)	17,12±7,05	12,36±4,46	-0,81	14,30 ± 2,47	12,31 ± 3,39	-0,67	↓ 0,14
	Marcha usual (m/s)	86,4±22,0	99,0±27,8	0,50	84,4 ± 0,15	93,3 ± 19,8	0,64	↓ 0,14
	Marcha rápida (m/s)	111,4±28,5	124,4±34,3	0,41	117,4 ± 16,98	129,4 ± 23,02	0,59	↓ 0,18
Eyigor et al., 2009⁴²42 Eyigor S, Karapolat H, Durmaz B, Ibisoglu U, Cakir S. A randomized controlled trial of Turkish folklore dance on the physical performance, balance, depression and quality of life in older women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 48(1):84-88.	Caminhada 20 metros (s)	12,2±1,6	11,9±1,8	-0,18	13,9±2,3	14,6±2,7	0,28	↑ 0,46
	TC6 (m)	419,10±84,10	488,8±51,20	1,00	402,2±62,1	413,9±69,4	0,18	↑ 0,82
	Escala de Equilíbrio de BERG	54,1±2,2	55,3±0,85	0,72	53,6±2,1	53,9±1,7	0,16	↑ 0,56
	Subir e descer escadas (s)	10,3±1,8	9,2±2,3	-0,53	11,1±2,7	10,9±2,3	-0,08	↑ 0,45
	Levantar da cadeira (s)	10,3±2,0	8,3±1,0	-1,26	10,8±2,5	10,7±2,5	-0,04	↑ 1,22
Sofianidis et al., 2009²⁰20 Sofianidis G, Hatzitaki V, Douka S, Grouios G. Effect of a 10-week traditional dance program on static and dynamic balance control in elderly adults. J Aging Phys Act 2009; 17(2):167-180.	Romberg sensibilizado:
	COPmax (x; cm)	3,34±0,69	3,50±0,57	0,25	3,49±0,63	3,45±0,31	-0,08	↓ 0,33
	COPmax (y; cm)	2,67±0,90	2,50±1,04	-0,17	2,30±0,59	2,49±0,84	0,26	↑ 0,43
	COPdp (x; cm)	0,71±0,16	0,73±0,13	0,14	0,74±0,16	0,73±0,11	-0,07	↓ 0,21
	COPdo (y; cm)	0,48±0,14	0,46±0,19	-0,12	0,45±0,11	0,47±0,17	0,14	↓ 0,26
	TRmax (x; °)	2,30±1,05	2,35±0,77	0,05	3,25±1,75	2,65±1,51	-0,37	↑ 0,42
	TRmax (y; °)	2,15±1,08	2,39±0,91	0,24	3,05±1,61	2,53±1,48	-0,34	↓ 0,58
	TRdp (x; °)	0,56±0,24	0,58±0,20	0,09	0,65±0,32	0,63±0,37	-0,06	↓ 0,15
	TRdp (y; °)	0,54±0,25	0,61±0,24	0,29	0,64±0,27	0,62±0,38	-0,06	↓ 0,35
	Equilíbrio unipodal:
	COPmax (x; cm)	6,33±3,74	4,61±1,59	-0,59	4,94±1,58	4,57±1,68	-0,23	↓ 0,36
	COPmax (y; cm)	8,59±5,87	5,09±3,06	-0,75	7,20±4,42	6,17±3,50	-0,26	↑ 0,49
	COPdp (x; cm)	1,33±0,92	0,94±0,25	-0,58	0,95±0,21	0,91±0,28	-0,16	↑ 0,42
	COPdo (y; cm)	1,74±1,16	1,07±0,06	-0,82	1,42±0,90	1,25±0,64	-0,22	↑ 0,60
	TRmax (x; °)	6,68±3,82	3,28±1,46	-1,18	4,65±1,67	3,62±1,67	-0,62	↑ 0,56
	TRmax (y; °)	9,03±4,44	4,60±3,07	-1,16	5,57±3,23	5,37±3,02	-0,06	↑ 1,10
	TRdp (x; °)	1,52±0,83	0,81±0,36	-1,11	1,13±0,39	0,89±0,49	-0,54	↑ 0,57
	TRdp (y; °)	2,09±1,18	1,13±0,74	-0,97	1,36±0,72	1,30±0,79	-0,08	↑ 0,89
Borges et al., 2012³⁴34 Borges EG, Cader SA, Vale RG, Cruz TH, Carvalho MC, Pinto FM, Dantas EH. The effect of ballroom dance on balance and functional autonomy among the isolated elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55(2):492-496.	Índice GDLAM	62,55±9,57	55,56±8,21	-0,78	63,40±9,34	62,34±9,58	-0,11	↑ 0,67
Granacher et al., 2012⁴³43 Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Bridenbaugh S, Wolf M, Roth R, Gschwind YJ, Wolf I, Mata R, Kressig RW. Effects of a salsa dance training on balance and strength performance in older adults. Gerontology 2012; 58(4):305-312.	Equilíbrio unipodal:
	CoP AP (cm)	131,50±43,75	114,55±45,99	-0,38	133,51±33,28	140,13±40,34	0,18	↑ 0,56
	CoP ML (cm)	121,05±34,27	107,85±44,10	-0,33	144,88±35,89	131,04±29,74	-0,42	↑ 0,09
	CoP TOT (cm)	198,44±58,48	174,46±67,07	-0,38	219,23±43,41	214,09±45,77	-0,12	↑ 0,26
	CoP Area (cm²)	1,56±0,92	1,38±0,74	-0,22	1,64±0,84	1,47±0,96	-0,19	↑ 0,03
	CoP Vel (cm/s)	6,71±1,95	5,93±2,30	-0,55	7,43±1,47	7,29±1,56	-0,09	↑ 0,46
Granacher et al., 2012⁴³43 Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Bridenbaugh S, Wolf M, Roth R, Gschwind YJ, Wolf I, Mata R, Kressig RW. Effects of a salsa dance training on balance and strength performance in older adults. Gerontology 2012; 58(4):305-312.	Caminhada:
	Velocidade de passada (cm/s)	133,80±20,20	148,90±25,80	0,65	141,80±14,40	142,20±14,20	0,03	↑ 0,62
	Tempo de passada (s)	1,02±0,07	0,98±0,07	-0,57	1,04±0,06	1,05±0,07	0,15	↑ 0,72
	Comprimento da passada (cm)	136,80±22,00	145,50±26,80	0,35	147,60±15,00	148,40±13,30	0,06	↑ 0,29
	Velocidade de passada, %CV	2,70±1,50	2,40±1,10	-0,23	2,30±1,00	2,40±0,70	0,12	↑ 0,35
	Tempo de passada, %CV	1,70±1,00	1,90±0,60	0,24	1,40±0,70	1,60±0,40	0,35	↑ 0,11
	Comprimento da passada, %CV	1,90±0,80	1,90±1,10	0,00	1,90±0,80	1,70±0,60	-0,28	↑ 0,28
Janyacharoen et al., 2013¹⁸18 Janyacharoen T, Laophosri M, Kanpittaya J, Auvichayapat P, Sawanyawisuth K. Physical performance in recently aged adults after 6 weeks traditional Thai dance: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:855-859.	TC6 (m)	360,10±59,20	416,70±58,70	0,96	348,00±51,20	345,70±55,10	-0,04	↑ 1,00
	Sentar e levantar 5 vezes (s)	12,90±2,10	10,20±1,50	-1,48	14,80±3,70	14,40±3,30	-0,11	↓ 1,37
	Alcance funcional modificado (cm)	10,40±3,80	14,90±3,50	1,23	10,70±5,70	11,10±5,70	0,07	↑ 1,16
Kattenstroth et al., 2013²¹21 Kattenstroth JC, Kalisch T, Holt S, Tegenthoff M, Dinse HR. Six months of dance intervention enhances postural, sensorimotor, and cognitive performance in elderly without affecting cardio-respiratory functions. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:5.	Índice de deslocamento postural	0,41±0,15	0,49±0,20	0,45	0,55±0,13	0,54±0,13	-0,08	↑ 0,53
	Índice de tempo de reação	0,61±0,10	0,73±0,10	1,2	0,60±0,09	0,57±0,09	0,33	↑ 0,87
Krampe, 2013²³23 Krampe J. Exploring the effects of dance-based therapy on balance and mobility in older adults. West J Nurs Res 2013; 35(1):39-56.	Alcance anterior (cm)	9,88±4,28	9,02±2,62	-0,24	13,20±3,06	11,45±1,57	-0,72	↑ 0,48
	Alcance para direita (cm)	6,90±2,33	7,71±2,73	0,32	8,73±2,56	9,34±1,76	0,28	↑ 0,04
	Alcance para esquerda (cm)	7,96±2,94	8,56±2,91	0,21	9,59±2,31	9,57±1,93	-0,01	↑ 0,22
	Alcance posterior (cm)	4,75±2,31	2,50±1,36	-1,19	5,48±2,23	2,27±1,23	-1,78	↑ 0,59
	Velocidade marcha (cm/s)	61,84±31,10	65,00±28,13	0,11	67,80±22,42	71,77±21,51	0,18	↓ 0,07
	Diferença de passada (cm)	2,88±2,45	2,67±2,28	-0,09	3,91±2,35	3,72±2,47	-0,08	↑ 0,01
	Deambulação funcional (%)	71,85±19,93	72,92±14,47	0,06	75,82±15,87	78,00±14,50	0,14	↓ 0,08
Borges et al., 2014⁴⁴44 Borges EG, Vale RG, Cader SA, Leal S, Miguel F, Pernambuco CS, Dantas EH. Postural balance and falls in elderly nursing home residents enrolled in a ballroom dancing program. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59(2):312-316.	Dif. distribuição de carga em MMII (Kg)	6,14±NR	3,29±NR	NC	6,10±NR	6,30±NR	NC	NC
Coubard et al., 2014⁴⁵45 Coubard OA, Ferrufino L, Nonaka T, Zelada O, Bril B, Dietrich G. One month of contemporary dance modulates fractal posture in aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:17.	Estabilidade Postural, olhos fechados:
	CoP TOT (cm)	64,45±16,00	61,51±12,77	-0,20	62,28±17,65	67,47±21,01	0,27	↑ 0,47
	CoP Area da Elipse 90-100% (cm)	19,52±8,15	22,84±14,12	0,29	19,41±9,42	19,92±12,90	0,05	↓ 0,24
	CoP velocidade média (cm/s)	1,26±0,31	1,20±0,26	-0,21	1,22±0,35	1,32±0,39	0,27	↑ 0,48
	CoP variação da velocidade (cm/s)	8,53±5,36	8,11±4,88	-0,08	8,22±6,19	10,55±7,72	0,33	↑ 0,41
	Estabilidade Postural, olhos abertos:
	CoP TOT (cm)	54,81±11,16	54,13±8,33	-0,07	51,95±16,17	58,82±14,56	0,45	↑ 0,52
	CoP Area da Elipse 90-100% (cm)	16,95±6,97	20,36±11,51	0,36	13,87±8,15	18,23±11,90	0,43	↑ 0,07
Coubard et al., 2014⁴⁵45 Coubard OA, Ferrufino L, Nonaka T, Zelada O, Bril B, Dietrich G. One month of contemporary dance modulates fractal posture in aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:17.	CoP velocidade média (cm/s)	1,07±0,22	1,06±0,17	-0,05	1,02±0,31	1,15±0,31	0,42	↑ 0,47
	CoP variação da velocidade (cm/s)	5,69±3,31	6,26±2,79	0,19	5,32±3,75	6,91±3,88	0,42	↑ 0,23
	Romberg (olhos fechados/abertos)	1,32±0,83	1,19±0,48	-0,19	1,60±0,92	1,14±0,39	-0,65	↓ 0,46
Cruz-Ferreira et al., 2015⁴⁶46 Cruz-Ferreira A, Marmeleira J, Formigo A, Gomes D, Fernandes J. Creative Dance Improves Physical Fitness and Life Satisfaction in Older Women. Res Aging 2015; 37(8):837-855.	Sentar e levantar em 30s (repetições)	13,33±3,51	15,10±3,28	0,52	12,04±2,95	12,17±4,75	0,03	↑ 0,49
	TC6 (m)	401,49±71,22	438,10±77,73	0,49	355,88±66,55	330,12±102,50	-0,30	↑ 0,79
	TUG (s)	7,98±2,49	6,57±1,13	0,82	8,41±2,65	9,01±3,80	0,18	↑ 0,64
Eggenberger et al., 2016¹⁹19 Eggenberger P, Wolf M, Schumann M, De Bruin ED. Exergame and balance training modulate prefrontal brain activity during walking and enhance executive function in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:66.	Escore de Equilíbrio	4,95±1,35	4,95±1,83	0,00	5,07±1,61	5,79±1,23	0,50	↓ 0,50
	Teste de caminhada de 4 m (s)	3,40±0,44	3,40±0,44	0,00	3,50±0,37	3,5±0,75	0,00	↔ 0,00
	Sentar e levantar 5 vezes (s)	9,00±2,18	7,80±1,74	-0,61	9,30±2,24	8,30±1,87	-0,48	↑ 0,13
Merom et al., 2016³⁷37 Merom D, Grunseit A, Eramudugolla R, Jefferis B, Mcneill J, Anstey KJ. Cognitive benefits of social dancing and walking in old age: the Dancing Mind randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:26.	Escore de mobilidade SPPB	10,20±1,80	7,90±4,80	-0,63	10,60±1,60	8,80±4,30	-0,55	↑ 0,08
	Velocidade da marcha (m/s)	0,94±0,25	0,90±0,28	-0,15	1,01±0,22	0,91±0,24	-0,43	↑ 0,28
	Sentar e levantar 5 vezes (s)	12,70±4,50	17,80±10,80	0,62	12,30±4,30	16,10±9,90	0,50	↑ 0,12

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