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Cross-cultural adaptation of the PAIR instrument: Pharmacotherapy Assessment in Chronic Renal Disease for application in Brazil

Abstract

Individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often on multiple medications, which exposes them to drug-related problems (DRP). There are no available tools in Brazil to assess the pharmacotherapy and management of DRPs systematically in this population. The scope of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of PAIR criteria (Pharmacotherapy Assessment in Chronic Renal Disease) to Brazilian Portuguese. PAIR criteria consist of 50 DRP clinically significant items for CKD. The process of cross-cultural adaptation involved translation, synthesis, back-translation, and an analysis by an expert committee as well as a pre-test of the first draft document. A review committee consisting of 2 pharmacists and 2 nephrologists analyzed the semantic, linguistic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence between the original and translated versions. All items that obtained a score below 80% were reviewed. Word adjustments were made, as well as the exclusion of 6 DRP due to non-applicability to the Brazilian context. Thus, the final version of PAIR defined as “Avaliação da farmacoterapia na doença renal crônica” was translated and adapted into the Brazilian Portuguese language.

Key words
Cross-cultural comparison; Chronic renal insufficiency; Pharmaceutical services; Patient safety

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