Health and household surveys in Brazil and England: The National Health Survey and the Health Survey for England

Marques, César; Johansen, Igor Cavallini

doi:10.1590/1413-81232021269.02942021

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 26 (09) • Sept 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021269.02942021 copy

Health and household surveys in Brazil and England: The National Health Survey and the Health Survey for England

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of national health surveys conducted in Brazil and England by their respective Statistics institutes. For Brazil, the National Health Survey (PNS) was considered, and the Health Survey for England (HSE) for England. To this end, we show a preliminary overview of the different population profiles of the two countries. Then, a brief historical background is presented, including the common themes that are addressed in the PNS and HSE that favor comparative analyses. Finally, we compared, for example, the inequalities in access to and use of Brazilian and English health services. The results show several possibilities for comparative analysis on topics such as health perception, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diabetes, and hypertension. However, the need to consider the specificities of the population profile of each country and the methodological characteristics of the surveys is emphasized.

Key words:
Public health; Health surveys; Comparative study; Brazil; England

Indicators	Brazil	England
Area, km²	8,538,000	130,427
Total population	210,147,125 ^a	56,286,961 ^b
Gini Index, 2018 and 2016, respectively ^c	0.54	0.35 ^d
Income level ^e	Medium High	High ^d
GDP per capita, in US dollars ^e	8,717	42,330
Population under US$ 1.90/day, %, 2018 and 2016, respectively, in US dollars ^f	4.4	0.2 ^d
Population living in urban areas, 2020, % ^g	87.1	83.9 ^d
Life expectancy at birth, years, men (2015-2020) ^h	71.90	79.37 ^d
Life expectancy at birth, years, women (2015-2020) ^h	79.27	82.90 ^d
Mortality rate of children under 5, per 1,000 live births, 2019 ⁱ	13.9	4.3 ^d
People with adequate sanitation, 2017, % ^j	97.8	49.3 ^d
Total Fertility Rate ^k	1.8	1.8
Schooling years ^k	7.9	12.9
Mortality rate, by selected causes, per 1,000 inhabitants, 2019^l
Cardiovascular diseases	183.6	270.9
Neoplasms	122.8	283.8
Neurological problems	32.7	70.1
Respiratory infections and tuberculosis	43.5	62.3
Chronic respiratory diseases	35.3	74.7
Diabetes and kidney disease	49.7	20.2
HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases	7.4	0.5
Neglected diseases and malaria	4.2	0.0
Nutritional deficiencies	3.8	0.2
Self-mutilation and interpersonal violence	37.2	8.3

	PNS ^a	HSE ^b
Years	2013/2019 (2 editions)	1991-2019 (29 editions)
Age range	All	All (since 1996)
Respondents	Residents > 15 years randomly chosen from those eligible at home	Residents > 16 years randomly chosen from those eligible at home
Sampling plan	Three-stage conglomerate sampling: census tracts or set of sectors; households; and respondents aged 15 or over (third stage). Total: about 290,000 people in 80,000 households	Three-stage conglomerate sampling: postal areas; households; and respondents aged 16 or over (third stage). Total: About 10,000 people in 4,000 households
Excluded from the sample	Populations of indigenous and institutionalized villages (in barracks, military bases, accommodation, camps, boats, penitentiaries, penal colonies, prisons, jails, asylums, orphanages, convents, and hospitals)	Institutionalized (non-private households)
Geographical disaggregation level	Brazil -> Great Regions -> Federative Units -> Capitals of Federal Units	England -> Administrative regions

	PNS^a		HSE^b
Theme/	2013	2019	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Year	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Household information	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Individual information	P	P								P
Social benefits	P	P																		P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Occupation	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Perceived health condition	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Tobacco use	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Alcohol consumption	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Fruit consumption	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Height	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Weight	P		P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Blood pressure	P		P	P			P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Waist circumference	P	P					P	P		P		P	P	P	P			P				P				P
Physical activity	P	P			P	P	P		P	P	P	P
Accidents	P	P	P	P				P	P	P			P	P	P	P			P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Diabetes	P	P			P	P	P	P	P		P	P		P														P
Asthma	P	P		P				P	P	P			P	P	P	P			P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Arterial hypertension	P	P						P	P	P			P	P	P	P		P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Cholesterol	P	P																	P	P
Kidney problems	P	P										P
Maternal health	P	P	P	P				P		P
Respiratory problems	P	P							P	P	P	P			P					P	P								P
Oral health	P	P																	P	P	P	P		P	P	P		P
Health Insurance plan	P	P	P	P	P		P	P	P		P	P	P	P	P	P				P
Contraception	P	P																											P
Mental health	P	P																				P		P	P	P
Hormone replacement	P	P						P	P		P	P	P	P	P	P
Sexual activity		P																		P		P
Sexual orientation		P																			P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Vaccination	P	P									P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Medication use	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Hearing impairment		P																						P

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[1] Collaborations

All authors worked equally on the paper’s design, writing, and data analysis.