Covid-19 and the impacts on mental health: a sample from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Duarte, Michael de Quadros; Santo, Manuela Almeida da Silva; Lima, Carolina Palmeiro; Giordani, Jaqueline Portella; Trentini, Clarissa Marceli

doi:10.1590/1413-81232020259.16472020

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 25 (9) • Sept 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.16472020 copy

Covid-19 and the impacts on mental health: a sample from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Pandemics such as that of COVID-19 affect a relatively large number of people and impose new rules and social habits on the world population. Information about the pandemic is constant in the media. Moreover, social distancing has been adopted in Brazil to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which may have economic and psychosocial consequences. This study aimed to verify the factors associated with indicators of mental disorders symptoms in residents of Rio Grande do Sul during the initial period of the social distancing policy. The study was approved by CONEP. There were 799 participants, aged between 18 and 75 years (M = 36.56; SD = 12.88); 82.7% were women, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire of social distancing and the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). The results indicated that having decreased income in the period, being part of the risk group and being more exposed to information about deaths and infected, are factors that can significantly harm mental health in this pandemic period. Investigating social determinants that contribute to greater vulnerability to the mental illness of the population is vital in the field of collective health for the planning of public actions and policies.

Key words
COVID-19; Mental health; Media; Risk factors; Pandemic

	G1 (n = 327)		G2 (n = 472)
	n	%	n	%
Health
Has been or is being followed up in mental health
Yes	249	76.1	302	64
No	78	23.9	170	36
Previous diagnosis of mental disorder
Yes	122	37.3	79	16.7
No	205	62.7	393	83.3
New coronavirus risk group ^£ £ Risk group includes people over 60, diabetic, hypertensive, cardiac, with respiratory problems and or pregnant women;
Yes	85	26	105	22.2
No	242	74	367	77.8
Lives in the same house as people in the risk group for the new Coronavirus
Yes	153	46.8	194	41.1
No	174	53.2	278	58.9
Exposure to information regarding the new Coronavirus ^¥ ¥ Participants answered how much they were exposed to information from 0 to 10, ranging from little to a lot.	M	SD	M	SD
About number of infected and deaths	6.66	2.61	6.18	2.7
About prevention and self-care	7.43	2.45	7.13	2.46

Variable	Model 1				Model 2
Variable	B	SE B	OR	Lower and Upper CI of the OR	B	SE B	OR	Lower and Upper CI of the OR
Constant	-0.03	0.44	0.96		-1.19	0.61	0.33
Gender	0.83	0.22	2.31	1.49 - 3.56^ p < 0.01;	1	0.23	2.73	1.73 - 4.32^ p < 0.01;
Age	-0.05	0.007	0.94	0.93 - 0.95^ p < 0.01;	-0.06	0.008	0.94	0.92 - 0.95^ p < 0.01;
Diagnosis ^a a Previous diagnosis of mental disorder;	0.83	0.17	2.3	1.62 - 3.27^ p < 0.01;	0.80	0.18	2.24	1.55 - 3.22^ p < 0.01;
Profession					-0.51	0.24	0.6	0.37 - 0.96^* * p < 0.05.
Being alone					-0.51	0.32	0.60	0.31 - 1.13
Income					0.35	0.16	1.42	1.03 - 1.96^* * p < 0.05.
RG Individual					0.48	0.19	1.62	1.1 - 2.39^* * p < 0.05.
RG Family					-0.14	-0.17	0.86	0.62 - 1.21
Distancing					-0.08	0.29	0.92	0.52 - 1.63
EI infected					0.09	0.03	1.1	1.02 - 1.18^* * p < 0.05.
EI prevention					0.03	0.04	1.03	0.95 - 1.12
χ2 ^b b Referring to the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic, which measures the model's accuracy level, whose significance value must be greater than 0.05.				2.65				4.42
Sig				0.95				0.81
Nagelkerke				0.20				0.25

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[1] Collaborations

MQ Duarte: Conception and planning of research, obtaining, interpreting and analyzing data; critical writing and review. MAS Santo: Conception and planning of research, obtaining, interpreting and analyzing data; writing (introduction, results, discussion) and critical review. CP Lima: Conception and planning of research, obtaining, interpreting and analyzing data; writing (method, results, discussion) and critical review. JP Giordani: Conception and planning of research, obtaining, interpreting and analyzing data; writing (introduction, discussion and closing remarks) and critical review. CM Trentini: Conception and planning of research, data interpretation; critical and final writing and revision of the manuscript.