Incidence and predictive factors of falls in community-dwelling elderly: a longitudinal study

Souza, Amanda Queiroz de; Pegorari, Maycon Sousa; Nascimento, Janaína Santos; Oliveira, Paula Beatriz de; Tavares, Darlene Mara dos Santos

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018249.30512017

Brasil

home Sumário navigate_before Anterior Atual Seguinte navigate_next

home Sumário

FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 24 (9) • Sept 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018249.30512017 linkcopy

Incidence and predictive factors of falls in community-dwelling elderly: a longitudinal study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate the incidence of falls among the elderly and to determine the predictive factors of falls and recurrent falls. This is a longitudinal study (2014-2016) conducted with 345 elderly in the urban area of Uberaba-MG. A structured tool related to socioeconomic data and occurrence of falls, Katz and Lawton-Brody Scales, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) Brazil were used. The multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed (p < 0.05). The incidence of falls in the follow-up period was 37.1%, with 20% recurrent falls and 17.1% single-event falls. The final model showed that the increase in one SPPB unit decreased by approximately 15% and 17%, respectively, the probability of falls and recurrent falls. The highest FES-I Brazil score was associated with a higher occurrence of recurrent falls. The results found on the occurrence of falls and recurrent falls and their association with worse physical performance and fear of falling provide subsidies for actions directed to the monitoring and control of the interfering factors.

Key words Elderly; Fall accidents; Risk factors; Psychomotor performance; Primary health care

Variables	Occurrence of falls (2014)			Total
	0	1	≥2	Total
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Gender
Male	103(38.9)	7(20.0)	10(22.2)	120(34.8)
Female	162(61.1)	28 (80.0)	35 (77.8)	225(65.2)
Age group (in years)
60├75	196(74.0)	22(62.9)	27(60.0)	245(71.0)
75 and over	69(26.0)	13(37.1)	18(40.0)	100(29.0)
Schooling (in years) (mean ± sd)	4.63 ± 3.8	5.2 ± 5.8	3.98 ± 3.9	4.61 ± 4.1
Household arrangement
Living alone	50(18.9)	10(28.6)	12(26.7)	72(20.9)
Living with someone	215(81.1)	25(71.4)	33(73.3)	273(79.1)
Perceived health
Positive	121(45.7)	14(40.0)	15(33.3)	150(43.5)
Negative	144(54.3)	21(60.0)	30(66.7)	195(56.5)
Number of diseases (mean ± sd)	5.52 ± 3.5	6.88 ± 4.4	6.37 ± 2.9	5.76 ± 3.5
Number of medications mean ± sd)	3.23 ± 2.6	3.77 ± 3.0	3.24 ± 2.2	3.28 ± 2.6
Hospitalization in the last year
Yes	40(15.1)	8(22.9)	6(13.3)	54(15.7)
No	225(84.9)	27(77.1)	39(86.7)	291(84.3)
FES-I Brazil (total score) (mean ± sd)	23.09 ± 9.5	30.03 ± 15.5	36.04 ± 14.6	25.48 ± 11.9
SPPB (total score) (mean ± sd)	9.14 ± 2.1	7.91 ± 2.7	7.64 ± 2.6	8.82 ± 2.3
Dependence for BADL
Yes	43(16.2)	11(31.4)	7(15.6)	61(17.7)
No	222(83.8)	24(68.6)	38(84.4)	284(82.3)
Dependence for IADL
Yes	133(50.2)	23(65.7)	29(64.4)	185(53.6)
No	132(49.8)	12(34.3)	16(35.6)	160(46.4)

Variables	Falls			Recurrent Falls
Variables	OR	CI95%	p^* * p<0.1; FES-I Brazil: Falls Efficacy Scale - International in Brazilian elderly; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; BADL: Basic activities of daily living; IADL: Instrumental activities of daily living.	OR	CI95%	p^* * p<0.1; FES-I Brazil: Falls Efficacy Scale - International in Brazilian elderly; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; BADL: Basic activities of daily living; IADL: Instrumental activities of daily living.
Gender
Male	1			1
Female	1.72	0.92-3.21	0,090	2,73	1,43-5,21	0,002
Age group (in years)
60├75	1			1
75 and over	1.22	0.64-2.32	0,541	2,19	1,24-3,86	0,007
Schooling (in years)	0.98	0.91-1.05	0,535	0,94	0,87-1,01	0,104
Household arrangement
Living with someone	1			1
Living alone	1.34	0.67-2.66	0,411	1,40	0,73-2,67	0,303
Perceived health
Positive	1			1
Negative	1.79	0.98-3.25	0,055	2,30	1,27-4,04	0,006
Number of diseases	1.15	1.05-1.24	0,001	1,15	1,06-1,24	<0,001
Number of medications	1.10	0.99-1.23	0,069	1,07	0,97-1,19	0,176
Hospitalization in the last year
Yes	0.52	0.25-1.05	0,069	0,95	0,44-2,05	0,889
No	1			1
FES-I Brazil (total score)	1.03	1.0-1.05	0,065	1,07	1,05-1,10	<0,001
SPPB (total score)	0.80	0.70-0.90	<0,001	0,71	0,63-0,81	<0,001
Dependence for BADL
Yes	2.41	1.20-4.83	0,013	1,96	1,0-3,87	0,054
No	1			1
Dependence for IADL
Yes	1.22	0.68-2.17	0,502	2,06	1,17-3,62	0,013
No	1			1

Variables	Falls			Recurrent falls
Variables	OR	CI95%	p^* * p<0.05; FES-I Brazil: Falls Efficacy Scale - International in Brazilian elderly; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; BADL: Basic activities of daily living; IADL: Instrumental activities of daily living.	OR	CI95%	p^* * p<0.05; FES-I Brazil: Falls Efficacy Scale - International in Brazilian elderly; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; BADL: Basic activities of daily living; IADL: Instrumental activities of daily living.
Gender
Male	1			1
Female	1.29	0.65-2.54	0,463	1,45	0,70-2,99	0,316
Age group (in years)
60├75	1			1
75 and over	1.09	0.54-2.22	0,802	1,86	02,95-3,62	0,069
Perceived health
Positive	1			1
Negative	1.16	0.59-2.30	0,666	1,31	0,65-2,67	0,452
Number of diseases	1.09	0.96-1.23	0,172	1,11	0,98-1,26	0,078
Number of medications	0.96	0.83-1.11	0,618	0,89	0,76-1,03	0,131
Hospitalization in the last year
Yes	0.53	0.25-1.13	0,099	0,89	0,37-2,12	0,787
No	1			1
FES-I Brazil (total score)	1.01	0.98-1.04	0,586	1,05	1,03-1,08	<0,001
SPPB (total score)	0.85	0.73-0.99	0,039	0,83	0,72-0,96	0,014
Dependence for BADL
Yes	1.60	0.71-3.62	0,257	1,06	0,45-2,52	0,894
No	1			1
Dependence for IADL
Yes	0.76	0.39-1.47	0,415	1,03	0,53-2,02	0926
No	1			1

vertical_align_top file_download show_chart

more_horizclose
- image
- translate
- link
- article
- vertical_align_top
- file_download
- show_chart
- image
- translate
- link
- article

location_on

ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva Av. Brasil, 4036 - sala 700 Manguinhos, 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil, Tel.: +55 21 3882-9153 / 3882-9151 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

rss_feed Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

[TFN6] sd: standard deviation; FES-I Brazil: Falls Efficacy Scale - International in Brazilian elderly; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; BADL: Basic activities of daily living; IADL: Instrumental activities of daily living.