Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and are responsible for cardiovascular, encephalic, coronary, renal and peripheral vascular complications. Recent evidence has demonstrated the benefits of reducing risk factors for cardiovascular complication in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Likewise, intensive blood pressure control has been proven effective in reducing chronic complications in those with diabetes and hypertension. However, there is no irrefutable scientific evidence in relation to the effectiveness of screening programs for type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Most guidelines suggest that if done, screening should be conducted selectively targeting high risk individuals. This have allowed for observational data to be collected and evaluated, which although do not substitute direct evidence provided by randomized clinical trials, can provide important evidence on efficiency, cost and impact. With the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, the Brazilian Ministry of Health have implemented in 2001-2003 the National Plan for the Reorganization of Care for Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus.
Screening; Chronic diseases; Type 2 diabetes; Hypertension