Self-rated health and hearing disorders: study of the Brazilian hearing-impaired population

Anderle, Paula; Rech, Rafaela Soares; Baumgarten, Alexandre; Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de

doi:10.1590/1413-81232021269.2.07762020

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HEALTH POLICY, IMPLEMENTATION OF PRACTICES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 26 (suppl 2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021269.2.07762020 copy

Self-rated health and hearing disorders: study of the Brazilian hearing-impaired population

Autopercepção de saúde em deficientes auditivos adultos no Brasil: inquérito nacional domiciliar

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Hearing impairment (HI) is one of the most impacting handicaps related to social life, and 21% have intense limitation compromising daily activities. However, few studies have investigated SRH in HI. This article aims to verify the association between HI and SRH and factors related to hearing characteristics. Cross-sectional study data from National Health Survey (NHS, 2013) conducted with 1,100 hearing impaired adults (≥18 years old). The outcome was SHR, categorized as good or poor. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate Prevalence Ratios. Sociodemographic variables and characteristics of HI, such as congenital or acquired HI, type of HI, wear hearing aids, and limitation were used in adjusted analysis. Poor SRH was more prevalent in acquired HI, limitation of daily activities, sociodemographic characteristics such as aging, female, black or other skin color, and lower schooling. Poor SRH is related to acquired HI, limitation of daily activities and sociodemographic conditions.

Key words:
Hearing Loss; Self-perception of health; Health Surveys

Variable		Total	Self-rated Health
		n (%)	Good	Poor	p-value*
		n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p-value*
Sex					0.209
	Male	532 (48.4)	215 (42.1)	317 (57.9)
	Female	586 (51.6)	193 (36.3)	375 (63.7)
Age (years)					<0.001
	18-39	133 (11.2)	85 (73.0)	48 (27.0)
	40-59	329 (31.8)	126 (39.1)	203 (60.9)
	60 or more	638 (57.0)	197 (32.7)	441 (67.3)
Color/race					0.006
	White	526 (48.0)	217 (44.5)	309 (55.5)
	Black and Other	572 (52.0)	191 (33.5)	382 (66.5)
Living together					0.253
	Yes	495 (41.2)	184 (40.2)	311 (59.8)
	No	605 (58.8)	224 (35.1)	381 (64.9)
Education level					<0.001
	Until elementary school	587 (68.6)	173 (30.7)	414 (69.3)
	High school or more	280 (31.4)	167 (65.7)	113 (34.3)

Variable		Total	Self-rated Health
		n (%)	Good	Poor	p-value*
		n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p-value*
Hearing impairment					<0.001
	Congenital	91 (7.7)	49 (55.1)	42 (44.9)
	Acquired	1,009 (92.3)	359 (38.0)	650 (62.0)
Use of rehabilitation service					0.263
	Yes	57 (7.2)	17 (40.0)	40 (60.0)
	No	1,043 (92.8)	391 (39.3)	652 (60.7)
Wear hearing aid					0.201
	Yes	148 (14.4)	62 (50.1)	86 (49.9)
	No	952 (85.6)	346 (37.5)	606 (62.5)
Limitation of daily activities					<0.001
	Does not limit	414 (38.2)	198 (47.0)	216 (53.0)
	Moderately/Strongly limits	686 (61.8)	210 (34.4)	476 (65.6)
Type of hearing impairment					0.944
	Deafness in both ears	64 (5.2)	25 (46.3)	39 (53.7)
	Deafness in one ear and reduced/normal in the other	267 (27.2)	99 (40.9)	168 (59.1)
	Hearing reduced in at less one ear	733 (67.6)	284 (38.0)	485 (62.0)

Variable		Crude PR (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted PR* (95% CI)	p-value
Sex
	Male	1	-	1	-
	Female	1.10 (1.02-1.18)	0.007	1.14 (1.03-1.26)	0.007
Skin color
	White	1	-	1	-
	Black and other	1.19 (1.11-1.29)	<0.001	1.07 (0.98-1.16)	0.102
Education level
	High school or more	1	-	1	-
	Until elementary school	2.01 (1.72-2.36)	<0.001	1.85 (1.57-2.19)	<0.001
Hearing impairment
	Congenital	1	-	1	-
	Acquired	1.38 (1.18-1.61)	<0.001	1.68 (1.33-2.14)	<0.001
Wear hearing aid
	Yes	1	-	1	-
	No	1.25 (1.06-1.47)	0.006	1.23 (0.92-1.62)	0.146
Limitation of daily activities
	No limitation	1	-	1	-
	Limitation	1.23 (1.13-1.34)	<0.001	1.15 (1.06-1.26)	<0.001
Type of hearing impairment
	Deafness in both ears	1	-	1	-
	Deafness in one ear and reduced/normal in the other	1.09 (0.95-1.26)	0.193	1.01 (0.92-1.10)	0.814
	Hearing reduced in at less one ear	1.15 (1.02-1.29)	0.016	0.93 (0.84-1.04)	0.220

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[1] Collaborations

P Anderle contributed to the conception and design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the article, review and final approval of the content. RS Rech contributed to the conception and design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the article, review and final approval of the content. A Baumgarten contributed to the conception and design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the article, review and final approval of the content. BNG Goulart contributed to the conception and design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the article, review and final approval of the content.