Promotion, protection and support for breastfeeding in prisons: a scoping review

Santos, Márcia Vieira dos; Alves, Valdecyr Herdy; Rodrigues, Diego Pereira; Tavares, Marli Rodrigues; Guerra, Juliana Vidal Vieira; Calandrini, Tatiana do Socorro dos Santos; Marchiori, Giovanna Rosario Soanno; Dulfe, Paolla Amorim Malheiros

doi:10.1590/1413-81232022277.19432021EN

Márcia Vieira dos Santos

Escola de Enfermagem Aurora Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Dr. Celestino 74, Centro. 24020-091 Niterói RJ Brasil. enfa.marcia52@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1488-7314

Valdecyr Herdy Alves

Escola de Enfermagem Aurora Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Dr. Celestino 74, Centro. 24020-091 Niterói RJ Brasil. enfa.marcia52@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8671-5063

Diego Pereira Rodrigues

Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém PA Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8383-7663

Marli Rodrigues Tavares

Escola de Enfermagem Aurora Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Dr. Celestino 74, Centro. 24020-091 Niterói RJ Brasil. enfa.marcia52@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6671-2452

Juliana Vidal Vieira Guerra

Escola de Enfermagem Aurora Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Dr. Celestino 74, Centro. 24020-091 Niterói RJ Brasil. enfa.marcia52@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4509-1343

Tatiana do Socorro dos Santos Calandrini

Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Amapá. Macapá AP Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2807-2682

Giovanna Rosario Soanno Marchiori

Escola de Enfermagem Aurora Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Dr. Celestino 74, Centro. 24020-091 Niterói RJ Brasil. enfa.marcia52@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-5172

Paolla Amorim Malheiros Dulfe

Escola de Enfermagem Aurora Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Dr. Celestino 74, Centro. 24020-091 Niterói RJ Brasil. enfa.marcia52@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-4640

Collaborations

All authors contributed equally to all stages of writing the article: design, data analysis and interpretation; writing, critical review and approval of the final version.

Chief editors:

Romeu Gomes, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva

Id	Authors	Years	Countries	Methods	BF Actions
A1	Beech BAL⁹9 Beech BAL. How could I breast feed with a man in the room? BMJ 1996; 312(7025):256	1996	England	Report of the experience of monitoring a birth, of a prisoner, in England
A2	Rios SR, Silva AL¹⁰10 Rios SR, Silva AL. Amamentação em presídio: estudo das condições e práticas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. BIS, Bol Inst Saude 2010; 12(3):293-299.	2010	BF Support	Qualitative research of exploratory-analytical type. The study took place at the Centro de Atendimento Hospitalar à Mulher Presa, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty exclusive breastfeeding mothers and three health professionals were interviewed	Apoio ao AM
A3	Marshall D¹¹11 Marshall D. Birth Companions: working with women in prison giving birth. Br J Midwifery 2013; 18(4).	2010	Brazil	Experience reports of mothers who received support from the Holloway Doula Group	BF Support
A4	Monteiro EMLM et al.¹²12 Monteiro EMLM, Silva ARS, Nascimento CAD, Maia AFLD, Araujo PDA, Santos SM. Maternal breastfeeding in the penitentiary system. Rev Enferm UFPE 2011; 5(8):1970-1978.	2011	England	This is a qualitative and descriptive study that used convenience sampling. A questionnaire was applied to 13 pregnant and nursing women in a women's penal colony in the city of Recife-PE, Brazil	BF Support
A5	Huang K, Atlas R, Parvez F¹³13 Huang K, Atlas R, Parvez F. The significance of breastfeeding to incarcerated pregnant women: an exploratory study. Birth 2012; 39(2):145-155.	2012	Brazil	Qualitative study, based on grounded theory in data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 pregnant women in a New York City penitentiary	BF Promotion
A6	Ribeiro SG et al.¹⁴14 Ribeiro SG, Lessa PRA, Martins MH, Nicolau AIO, Fernandes AFC, Pinheiro AKB. Experiência do amamentar por mães privadas de liberdade: estudo exploratório descritivo. Enferm Foco 2013; 4(2):84-87.	2013	USA	Exploratory-descriptive study, with qualitative approach, carried out at the Female Penal Institute of the State of Ceará, Brazil	BF Promotion
A7	Allen D, Baker B¹⁵15 Allen D, Baker B. Supporting mothering through breastfeeding for incarcerated women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2013; 42(Supl. 1):S103.	2013	Brazil	Case study on postpartum breastfeeding support for a lactating woman in prison	BF Promotion
A8	Dalmácio LM, Cruz EJS, Cavalcante LIC¹⁶16 Dalmácio LM, Cruz EJS, Cavalcante LIC. Percepções de mães encarceradas sobre o direito à amamentação no sistema prisional. Rev Bras Hist Cienc Soc 2014;;6(11):54-72.	2014	USA	Study of qualitative approach, based on the dialectic. Thirteen pregnant and postpartum women were interviewed in a penitentiary in the State of Pará-PA, Brazil	BF Support
A9	Ventura M, Simas L, Lauróze B¹⁷17 Ventura M, Simas L, Lauróze B. Maternidade atrás das grades: em busca da cidadania e da saúde. Um estudo sobre a legislação brasileira. Cad Saude Publica 2015; 31(3):607-619.	2015	Brazil	Qualitative study that combined the technique of bibliographic and documentary research in SciELO and VHL databases and government sources. Thirty-three norms were identified, including Laws, Ordinances and other	BF Promotion

Id	Authors	Years	Countries	Methods	BF Actions
A10	Simas L et al.¹⁸18 Simas L, Ventura M, Baptista MR, Laurozé B. The Brazilian jurisprudence about motherhood in prison. Rev Direito GV 2015; 11(2):547-572.	2015	Brazil	Retrospective cross-sectional study of decisions of the Judiciary concerning the rights of female prisoners and of children born in the prison system. It was conducted in the databases of the STF, the STJ and the Courts of Justice of Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, São Paulo and Mato Grosso, from 2002 to 2012	BF Protection
A11	Dumont DM et al.¹⁹19 Dumont DM, Wildeman C, Lee H, Gjelsvik A, Valera PA, Clarke JG. Incarceration, maternal hardship, and perinatal health behaviors. Matern Child Health J 2014; 18(9):2179-2187.	2015	USA	Study analyzed 2006-2010 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System to assess the association between incarceration in the year before birth and maternal infant and perinatal difficulties and behaviors	BF Promotion
A12	Mariano GJS, Silva IA, Andrews T²⁰20 Mariano GJS, Silva IA, Andrews T. Amamentação em ambiente prisional: perspectivas das enfermeiras de uma penitenciária feminina Irlandesa. Rev Iberoam Educ Invest Enferm 2015; 5(3):15-24.	2015	Ireland	Exploratory-descriptive study, carried out in the Dóchas Centre women's penitentiary (Ireland), with six professionals interviewed	BF Promotion
A13	Mariano GJS²¹21 Mariano GJS. Amamentação no ambiente prisional: detentas em penitenciárias do Estado de São Paulo [tese]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo; 2016.	2016	Brazil	Symbolic internationalism and data-driven theory, interview with 85 women from ten prisons in São Paulo, Brazil	BF Protection
A14	Abbott L²²22 Abbott L. Becoming a mother in the prison. Pract Midwife 2016;19(9):8-12.	2016	England	Qualitative research that studied the experience of being pregnant in prison. This paper looked at the experience of breastfeeding in prisons in England and Wales	BF Support
A15	Abbott L, Scott T²³23 Abbott L, Scott T. Women's experiences of breastfeeding in prison. MIDIRS Midwifery Digest 2017; 27:217-23.	2017	England	Qualitative study, through the application of audio-recorded interviews that sought to learn about the experiences of 28 pregnant and postpartum women in prison in England	BF Support
A16	Fochi MCS et al.²⁴24 Fochi MCS, Higa R, Camisão AR, Turato ER, Lopes MHBM. Experiences of pregnant women in prison situation. Rev Eletr Enf 2017; 19:a57.	2017	Brazil	Qualitative and descriptive study in a women's prison in São Paulo-SP, Brazil, with 14 pregnant women, using the technique of content analysis based on psycho-emotional approaches	BF Protection
A17	Paynter MJ, Snelgrove-Clarke E²⁵25 Paynter MJ, Snelgrove-Clarke E. Breastfeeding support for criminalized women in Canada. J Hum Lact 2017; 33(4):672-676.	2017	Canada	Report of experiences lived by the volunteers of the Women’s Wellness Within	BF Promotion
A18	Silva DKLR et al.²⁶26 Silva DKLR, Ribeiro ACB, Souza ALTD, Pereira RMS, Gomes MP, Pereira NCS. Aleitamento materno em mulheres da população carcerária. Rev UNINGA 2018;55(3):72-82.	2018	Brazil	Bibliographic research, descriptive and of qualitative nature	BF Promotion
A19	Cavalcanti AL et al.²⁷27 Cavalcanti AL, Costa GMC, Celino SDM, Corrêa RR, Ramos RA, Cavalcanti AFC. Born in chains: perceptions of Brazilian mothers deprived of freedom about breastfeeding; Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr 2018; 18(1):e4144.	2018	Brazil	Cross-sectional study, developed in four prisons in Paraíba, Brazil. The non-probability sample was composed of inmates who were breastfeeding	BF Promotion
A20	Santos RMA et al.²⁸28 Santos RMA, Linhares FMP, Morais SCRV, Guedes TG, Guimarães ML. Nursing diagnoses of incarcerated mothers. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2018; 52:e03338.	2018	Brazil	This is a descriptive, exploratory study developed at the Women's Penal Colony of Recife-PE, Brazil. The sample consisted of 18 women who were breastfeeding. For data collection, we used a structured instrument	BF Promotion

Id	Authors	Years	Countries	Methods	BF Actions
A21	Mariano GJS, Silva IA²⁹29 Mariano GJS, Silva IA. Significando o amamentar na prisão. Texto Contexto Enferm 2018; 27(4):e0590017.	2018	Brazil	Qualitative research, developed through the principles of comparative data analysis, adopting open and axial coding, and of Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical reference. Data collection was made through in-depth interviews with 27 nursing mothers and three pregnant women in six penitentiaries in São Paulo-SP, Brazil	BF Protection
A22	Guimarães MLG et al.³⁰30 Guimarães MLG, Guedes TG, Lima LS, Morais VSCR, Javorski M, Linhares FMP. Promoção do aleitamento materno no sistema prisional a partir da percepção de nutrizes encarceradas. Texto Contexto Enferm 2018; 27(4):e3030017.	2018	Brazil	Qualitative study, developed in a women's prison unit in Recife-PE, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 incarcerated nursing mothers	BF Protection
A23	Leal GAS³¹31 Leal GAS. Responsividade materna durante o banho e amamentação: análise da interação mãe-bebê no cárcere [dissertação]. Belém: Universidade Federal do Pará; 2018.	2018	Brazil	This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with quantitative and qualitative analysis. The study involved four women, aged between 20 and 42 years, who entered the Unidade Materno-infantil (UMI) during pregnancy, using a questionnaire for data collection	BF Protection
A24	Paynter MJ³²32 Paynter MJ. Policy and legal protection for breastfeeding and incarcerated women in Canada. J Clin Nurs 2018; 34(2):276-281.	2018	Canada	A descriptive study of the rights of federal and provincial penitentiaries in Canada	BF Protection
A25	Arinde EL, Mendonça MH³³33 Arinde EL, Mendonça MH. Política prisional e garantia de atenção integral à saúde da criança que coabita com mãe privada de liberdade, Moçambique. Saúde Debate 2019; 43(120):43-53.	2018	Mozambique	This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a qualitative approach, conducted in the Epem of Ndlavela, located in the municipality of Matola, Maputo province, Mozambique. Two pregnant women and five mothers cohabiting with children participated, by means of interviews	BF Protection
A26	Andrade ABCA, Gonçalves MJF³⁴34 Andrade ABCA, Gonçalves MJF. Motherhood in prison regime: maternal and neonatal outcomes. Rev Enferm UFPE 2018; 12(6):1763-1771.	2018	Brazil	Integrative review of articles published between 2007 and 2017 in Medline, Web of Science, LILACS and SciELO virtual library databases	BF Support
A27	Shlafer RJ et al.³⁵35 Shlafer RJ, Davis L, Hindt LA. Goshin LS, Gerrity E. Intention and initiation of breastfeeding among women who are incarcerated. Nurs Womens Health 2018; 22(1):64-78.	2018	USA	A mixed study in which data were collected from both incarcerated women and their doulas as part of a project to evaluate prison pregnancy and parenting programs in a single Midwestern state in a women's prison, using questionnaires and interviews	BF Support

Id	Authors	Years	Countries	Methods	BF Actions
A28	Paynter MJ, Snelgrove-Clarke E³⁶36 Paynter MJ, Snelgrove-Clarke E. "Breastfeeding in public" for incarcerated women: the baby-friendly step. Int Breastfeed J 2019; 14:16.	2019	Canada	Study with women in the Canadian prison system, with regard to the adoption of the Ten Steps of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative	BF Protection
A29	Paynter MJ et al.³⁷37 Paynter MJ, Drake EK, Cassidy C, Snelgrove-Clarke E. Maternal health outcomes for incarcerated women: a scoping review. J Clin Nurs 2019; 28(11-12):2046-2060.	2019	Canada	Scoping review study, whose main databases were searched for published English and French articles. Two authors independently for full-text review. Study quality was assessed by the McGill Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool	BF Promotion
A30	Santos MV et al.³⁸38 Santos MV, Alves VH, Pereira AV, Vieira BDG, Rodrigues DP, Marchiori GRS, Rangel GCR, Cunha RC, Guerra JVV, Branco MBLR. Proteção à amamentação no espaço prisional: revisão integrativa. REDIB 2020; 9(9):e555997692.	2020	Brazil	Integrative review of scientific literature, whose search occurred in the following databases: Periódicos Capes, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Nursing Databases, SciVerse Scopus. Thirty-nine articles were selected, and after careful analysis, nine articles were obtained	BF Protection
A31	Gadama L et al.³⁹39 Gadama L, Thakwalakwa C, Mula C, Mhango V, Banda C, Kewley S, Hillis A, Van Hout MC. 'Prison facilities were not built with a woman in mind': an exploratory multi-stakeholder study on women's situation in Malawi prisons. Int J Prison Health 2020;16(3):303-318.	2020	Malawi	Exploratory, qualitative study using in-depth key informant interviews with prison stakeholders (commissioner of prison estates, senior prison management team, senior health staff and senior responsible officers) (n = 5) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with women in prison, aged 18-45 years (n = 23) and two FGDs with correctional staff (n = 21), conducted in two prisons in Malawi, Chichiri and Zomba	BF Protection
A32	Nogueira A et al.⁴⁰40 Nogueira A, Ferreira BMV, Costa LVFA, Silva JCB, Guerra MCGC, Albuquerque NLA. Aleitamento materno no sistema penitenciário: sentimentos da lactante. Rev Ciênc Plural 2020; 6(1):18-31.	2020	Brazil	This is a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study, carried out with eight lactating women prisoners in the Bom Pastor Female Penal Colony, in the city of Recife-PE, Brazil. Semi-structured and guided interviews were conducted with the women participants	BF Support
A33	Friedman SH, Kaempf A, Kauffman S⁴¹41 Friedman SH, Kaempf A, Kauffman S. The realities of pregnancy and mothering while incarcerated. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2020; 48(3):365-375.	2020	USA	A descriptive study of pregnancy and motherhood during incarceration in US prisons	BF Support

[1] Collaborations

All authors contributed equally to all stages of writing the article: design, data analysis and interpretation; writing, critical review and approval of the final version.

Brasil

Brasil

Promotion, protection and support for breastfeeding in prisons: a scoping review

Abstract