Non-fatal gunshot wounds among military police in Rio de Janeiro: health as a field of emergency against the naturalization of violence

Maia, Adriane Batista Pires; Assis, Simone Gonçalves; Ribeiro, Fernanda Mendes Lages; Wernersbach, Liana

doi:10.1590/1413-81232021265.19412019

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FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 26 (5) • May 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021265.19412019 copy

Non-fatal gunshot wounds among military police in Rio de Janeiro: health as a field of emergency against the naturalization of violence

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This article discusses health problems due to firearm injuries suffered on duty military police officers in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Medical records analysis was con ducted referring to military police officers who were treated at the Military Police’s Central Hos pital (MPCH) due to gunshot wounds from June 2015 to December 2017 according to professional profile, the characteristics of the event and the le sion, the spatial distribution of the incidents in volving gunshot wounds, and the healthcare units involved in their care. Firearms injured four hun dred seventy-five military police officers: 98.3% were male, 77.3% were in service, 97.9% were soldier personnel. As to the anatomical location of the wounds, the most affected regions were: lower (41.1%) and superior (33.1%) limbs, the head neck-face region (23.5%), and thorax-abdomen (3%). The areas in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro with the highest occurrence of firearm morbidity are program areas 3 and 1 and the Baixada Fluminense. There is a correlation between police morbidity rates due to firearm injuries in the municipalities of the metropolitan region and demographic density (p = 0.024).

Key words
Morbity; Police; Public safety; Gunshot wound; Occupational health

Month	Year			D% 15-16	D% 16-17
Month	2015	2016	2017
January	^* * data not available	14	18	^* * data not available	28,57
February	^* * data not available	16	27	^* * data not available	68,75
March	^* * data not available	14	17	^* * data not available	21,43
April	^* * data not available	21	19	^* * data not available	-9,52
May	^* * data not available	16	26	^* * data not available	62,50
June	12	20	24	66,67	20,00
July	11	9	14	-18,18	55,56
August	4	14	9	250,00	-35,71
September	13	11	20	-15,38	81,82
October	9	13	16	44,44	23,08
November	19	12	12	-36,84	0,00
December	10	12	20	20,00	66,67
Total	78	172	222	120,51	29,07
		D% média		44,39	31,93

Patents	Number of active MPs^* * Proportion of injured people assessed, according to the number of Military Polices (MPs)	% of MPs according to patentes	Frequency of shots	% of shots according to patents
Officers
Colonel	105	0,2	-	-
Lieutenant Colonel	344	0,8	-	-
Major	836	1,9	2	0,4
Captain	1.050	2,3	3	0,6
1st Lieutenant	790	1,8	4	0,9
2st Lieutenant	222	0,5	1	0,2
Subtotal	3.347	7,5	10	2,1
Junior Officers
Aspirant / Cadet	70	0,16	-	-
Lieutenant	4.484	10,1	19	4,0
1st Sergeant	2.420	5,4	13	2,8
2st Sergeant	8.011	18,0	53	11,2
3st Sergeant	5.040	11,3	49	10,3
Corporal	10.429	23,4	77	16,3
Soldier	10.737	24,1	251	53,3
Subtotal	41.191	92,5	462	97,9
Total MP	44.538	100,0	472	100,0

Anatomical distribution of firearm injuries ^* * Some patients affected by GW were affected in more than one part of the body.	Sim
	Frequência	%
Face region	51	10,7
Head region	49	10,3
Neck region	12	2,5
Chest and abdômen region	82	17,3
Lower limbs region	195	41,1
Upper limbs region	157	33,1
Other regions	25	5,3

Metropolitan Region/RJ (% of the city's population and number of neighborhoods)	MP with gunshot wounds		MP population	Police morbidity rates for firearms*	Demographic density (inhab / km²)	% Population living in subnormal agglomerations **	HDI***
	N	%	MP population	Police morbidity rates for firearms*	Demographic density (inhab / km²)	% Population living in subnormal agglomerations **	HDI***
Rio de Janeiro (126 neighborhoods)	349	81,0	24616	14,18	5.265,82	22,2	0,80
AP1/RJ (4,6% of population; 15 neighborhoods)	73	20,9	2902	25,16	8.664,61	28,6	0,83
AP2/RJ: 2.1 e 2.2 (17,0% of population; 25 neighborhoods)	44	12,6	4123	10,67	10.048,49	14,7	0,93
AP3/RJ: 3.1, 3.2 e 3.3 (40,2% of population; 80 neighborhoods)	190	54,4	6298	30,17	11.791,22	23,1	0,83
AP4/RJ (11,6% of population; 19 neighborhoods)	25	7,2	1343	18,62	3.095,30	21,2	0,84
AP5/RJ: 5.1, 5.2 e 5.3 (26,6% of population; 20 neighborhoods)	17	4,9	1581	10,75	2.877,50	11,6	0,79
Niterói (52 neighborhoods)	9	2,1	978	9,20	3.640,80	16,4	0,84
São Gonçalo (63 neighborhoods)	3	0,7	896	3,35	4.035,90	1,3	0,74
São João de Meriti (13 neighborhoods)	18	4,2	439	41,00	13.024,56	10,3	0,72
Duque de Caxias (30 neighborhoods)	17	3,9	1006	16,90	1.828,51	7,2	0,71
Nova Iguaçu (73 neighborhoods)	10	2,3	-	-	1.527,60	1,2	0,71
Mesquita (17 neighborhoods)	6	1,4	903	24,36	4.310,48	0,6	0,74
Nilópolis (15 neighborhoods)	6	1,4	-	-	8.117,62	2,3	0,75
Belford Roxo (23 neighborhoods)	5	1,2	359	13,93	6.031,38	7,6	0,68
Magé (31 neighborhoods)	4	0,9	361	11,08	585,13	8,2	0,71
Itaguaí (49 neighborhoods)	2	0,5	-	-	395,45	7,5	0,72
Japeri (51 neighborhoods)	1	0,2	477	8,39	1.166,37	2,5	0,66
Queimados (60 neighborhoods)	1	0,2	-	-	1.822,60	3,9	0,68
Total	431	100,0	-	-	-	-	-

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[1] Collaborations

ABP Maia participated in the conception, planning, analysis, interpretation, and writing of the work; SG Assis, FML Ribeiro, and L Wernersbach participated in the planning, analysis, and interpretation of the work. All authors approved the final version sent.