Sherman et al., 1992* |
United States - Baltimore |
Men and Women, White (n=312) |
--- |
--- |
--- |
Brot et al., 1999 |
Denmark - Copenhagen |
Women Perimenopausa (n=510) |
50.6+2.8 |
---- |
BMC: 2,294+363; LS-BMD: 1.021+0.142; H-BMD: 0.906+0.115; FN-BMD: 0.792+0.114; T-BMD: 0.682+0.094. |
Güller et al., 2007 |
|
Group 1: typical garments (n=40); Group 2: only the skin of the hands and face is not covered (n=40) |
Group 1: 36.1±3.2; Group 2: 34.8±3.3 (p>0.05) |
Group 1: 25.43±11; Group 2: 13.7 ±9.83 (p<0.05) |
Group 01: LS-BMD: 1.02+0.12; T-BMD: 0.68+0.12; TW-BMD 0.80+0.18; FN-BMD: 0.87+0.17; H-BMD: 0.90+0.11. Group 02: LS-BMD: 0.99+0.11; T-BMD: 0.68+0.10; TW-BMD: 0.76+0.13; FN-BMD: 0.88+0.14; H-BMD: 0.91+0.13. (p>0.05) |
Lamberg-Allardt et al., 2001+
|
Finland |
Men: (n=126); Women (n=202) |
Men: 37.0+4; Women:38.0+.3 (p>0.05) |
Men: 18.02+14.02; Women: 17.62+13.62 (p>0.05) |
--- |
Guzel et al., 2001 |
Turkey |
Women (n=60) Group 1: Veiled (n=30) Group 2: Unveiled (n=30) |
Group 1: 24.6+5.1; Group 2: 24.9+6.2. (p>0.05) |
Group 1: 33.1+16; Group 2: 53.9+27.3 (p<0.001) |
Group 1: LS-BMD: 0.960+0.140; FN-BMD: 0.810+0.130. Group 2: LS-BMD: 1.010+0.090; FN-BMD: 0.850+0.090. (p>0.05) |
Tandon et al., 2003 |
India |
Men (n=40) Women (n=50). |
Men: 22.7+2.8; Women: 23.4+3.1 (p>0.05) |
Men: 18.4+5.3; Women: 25.3+7.4 (p <0.001) |
Men: LS-BMD: 0.947+0.086; FN-BMD: 0.911+0.129; H-BMD: 1.016+0.133; T-BMD: 0.740+0.117; TW-BMD: 0.798+0.146; FIT-BMD: 1.167+0.159; DR-BMD: 0.619+0.072. Women: LS-BMD: 0.981+0.092; FN-BMD:0.850+0.101; H-BMD: 0.957+0.103; T-BMD: 0.707+0.121; TW-BMD: 0.769+0.121; FIT-BMD: 1.137+0.122; DR-BMD: 0.541+0.034. |
Bischoff- Ferrari et al., 2004*+
|
United States |
White (n=2,482) Mexican-American: (n=2,516) Black (n=2,517). |
White: 34.8+8.1; Mexican-American: 32.6+8.4; Black: 33.5+8.0 |
White: 33.17+12.25; Mexican-American: 24.63+9.17; Black: 18.45+7.97 |
White: H-BMD: 0.97+0.14. Mexican-American: H-BMD: 1.00+0.14. Black: H-BMD: 1.07+0.17. |
Saadi et al., 2006*+
|
United Arab Emirates |
Women (n=259): Pre-Menopause (n=175) |
Pre-Menopause: 37.5+9.5 |
Pre-Menopause 9.73±4.16 |
Pre-Menopause LS-BMD: 1.1+0.13; H-DMB: 0.970+0.13. |
Islam et al., 2008*+
|
Bangladesh |
Women (n=200) |
22.6+3.7 |
14.7+4.48 |
FN-BMD: 0·788+0·106; T-BMD: 0.624+0.0893; TW-BMD: 0.645+0.118; LS-BMD: 0.894+0·116. |
Marwaha et al., 2009*+
|
Indian-Deli |
Men (n=473) |
--- |
13.66+6.33 |
TR-BMD: 0.605+0.061; DR-BMD: 0.451+0.080; H-BMD: 1.129+0.130; FN-BMD: 1.115+0.134; T-BMD: 0.926+0.126; LS-BMD: 1.170+0.137 |
Allali et al., 2009* |
Morocco-Rabat |
Women (n=415) Pre-Menopause (n=108) |
Women: 50+9.3; Pre-Menopause 42.8+6.2 |
Women: 18.1+7.9 Pre-Menopause; 18.6+7.7 |
Women: LS-BMD: 1.1+0.13; FN-BMD: 0.97+0.6; T-BMD: 0.79+0.11; H-BMD: 1.02+0.16. |
Adami et al., 2009 |
Italy (North, Center and South) |
Women, white, pre-menopause (n=608) North (n=364) Center (n=111) South (n=133) |
North: 35.9+8.3 Center: 36.5+8.2 South: 35.7+8.3 (p>0.05) |
North: 27.6+11.1 Center: 28.9+11.3 South: 24.8+11.2 (p>0.05) |
25(OH)D Suf (>20ng/ml): LS-BMD: 1.028±0.121*; FN-BMD: 0.907±0.128**; H-BMD; 0.791±0.116***. 25(OH)D Insuf (<20ng/ml).: LS-BMD: 1.061±0.122*; FN-BMD: 0.923±0.115**; H-BMD: 0.810±0.128***. (*p=0.002; **p=0.089; ***p= 0.063) |
Multani et al., 2010 |
Indian-Mumbai |
Resident Physicians (n=214) Men (n=174); Women (n=40) |
Men: 26.87+1.6; Women: 26.33+1.58. |
Men: 12.80±7.94 Women: 10.94±4.54 |
Men: LS-BMD: 0.907+0.112; FN-BMD: 0.800+0.116; T-BMD: 0.662+0.099; FIT-BMD: 1.087+0.167; H-BMD 0.094+0.120. Women: LS-BMD: 0.899+0.101; FN-BMD: 0.740+0.106; T-BMD: 0.610+0.091; FIT-BMD: 0.971+0.203; H-BMD: 0.830+0.115. |
Gutiérrez et al., 2011 |
United States |
White (n=2,239); Mexican-American (n=989); Black (n=978); both sexes |
White:45.3+0.5; Mexican-American: 37.0+0.7; Black 41.3+0.6 |
White: 25.6±0.4. Mexican-American: 19.5±0.5. Black: 14.8±0.4 |
White: 25(OH)D Suf. (>30 ng/ml): BMC: 1.03+0.01; 25(OH)D Insuf. (<30 ng/ml e >10ng/ml): BMC:1.03+0.01; 25(OH)D Def. (<10ng/ml): BMC:1.02+0.01; (p=0.79) Mexican-American: 25(OH)D Suf. (>30 ng/ml): BMC:1.03+0.01; 25(OH)D Insuf. (<30 ng/ml e >10ng/ml): BMC: 1.03+0.01; 25(OH)D Def. (<10ng/ml): BMC: 1.01+0.01; (p<0.01) Black: 25(OH)D Suf. (>30 ng/ml): BMC:1.08+0.02; 25(OH)D Insuf. (<30 ng/ml e >10ng/ml): BMC: 1.09+0.01; 25(OH)D Def. (<10ng/ml): BMC:1.09+0.01; (p=0.21) |
Sadat-Ali et al., 2011* |
Saudi Arabia -Al Khobar |
Men and women (n=400): 100 men e 100 women for each (age group 25 and 35 years and ≥50 years) |
25(OH)D Suf. (>30 pg/ml): Men: 27.96+3.5; Women: 29.81+3.8; 25(OH)D Insuf. (21-29 pg/m): Men: 28.89+4.28; Women: 28.05+3.13; 25(OH)D Def. (<20 pg/ml): Men: 28.5+4.5.; Women: 23.9+1.87. |
--- |
LS-BMD Men: 25(OH)D Suf. (>30 pg/ml): 1.100+0.09; 25(OH)D Insuf. (21-29 pg/mLl): 0.903+0.13; 25(OH)D Def. (<20 pg/ml): 0.612+0.25. LS-BMD Women: 25(OH)D Suf. (>30 pg/ml): 0.844+0.14; 25(OH)D Insuf. (21-29 pg/ml): 0.747+0.09; 25(OH)D Def. (<20 pg/ml): 0.618+0.13 (p <0.001) |
Harinarayan et al., 2011* |
Indian |
Hospital staff and patients (n=191) Pre-menopause (n=55); Post- menopause (n=136) |
Pre-Menopause: 37.42+0.72 Post-menopause: 53.29+0.72 (p<0.001) |
Pre-menopause (20-30 years): 24.08+1.12. |
Pre-menopause (20-30anos): FR-BMD: 0.645+0.021; PR-BMD: 0.533+0.018; R-BMD: 0.403+0.012; TR-BMD: 0.527+0.016; T-BMD: 0.641+0.019; FIT-BMD: 1.058+0.021; FN-BMD: 0.757+0.015; TW-BMD 0.639+0.025; H-BMD: 0.886+0.017. |
Powe et al., 2011*+
|
United States -Boston |
Men (n=27); Women (n=22) |
23.5+3.4 |
Men: 21.14+7.73. Women: 31.36+12.13 (p<.001) |
Men: LS-BMD: 1.040+0.14; Women: LS-BMD 1.070+0.13. (p=0.371) |
Nakamura et al., 2001*+
|
Japan |
Women (n=77) |
32.9+11.3 |
16.86+6.04 |
--- |
Shivane et al., 2012 |
Indian |
Men (n=558); Women (n=579) |
Men: 30.11+3.53; Women: 30.52+3.57 |
Men: 18.93+8.93; Women: 15.85+9.07 |
Men: FN-BMD: 0.827+0.125; T-BMD: 0.642+0.103; FIT-BMD: 0.986+0.140; H-BMD: 0.887+0.122; LS-BMD: 0.912+0.123 Women: FN-BMD: 0.755+0.108; T-BMD 0.595+0.109; FIT-BMD: 0.904+0.130; H-BMD: 0.814+0.111; LS-BMD: 0.899+0.120 |
Lim et al., 2012*** |
Korea |
Men (n=1,926); Women (n=2,350) |
Men: 28.61+8.34; Women: 29.24+7.98 |
Men: 18.85+6.67; Women: 16.74+5.74 |
Men: LS-BMD: 0.97+0.14; T-BMD: 0.70+0.09; FN-BMD: 0.87+0.13; H-BMD: 1.00+0.13. Women: LS-BMD: 0.97+0.13; T-BMD: 0.65+0.08; FN-BMD: 0.77+0.11; H-BMD: 0.90+0.11 |
Kassi et al., 2015 |
Greece - Athens |
Men (n=181) |
34.69+7.38 |
19.81+6.96 |
LS-BMD: 1.220 +0.13; H-BMD: 1.020+ 011 |
Khashayar et al., 2016 |
Iran - Tehran; Tabriz; Mashhad; Shiraz; Bandar; Busher |
Men (n=1,900); Women (n=2,2250) |
42.6+13.9 |
Osteoporosis: 42.03+34.59 Osteoponics: 35.97±26.49 Normal: 33.04±23.78 (p<0.001) |
--- |
Sayed-Hassan et al., 2014 |
Syria - Damascus |
Men (n=156); Women (n=64) |
Men: 32.2±9.2; Women: 36.9±10 (p=0.006) |
Men: 13.5+7.4 Women: 8+5.1 (p<0.001) |
Men: LS-BMD: 0.938±0.12*; FN-BMD: 0.861±0.13**; H-BMD: 0.989±0.12***. Women: LS-BMD: 0.954±0.12*; FN-BMD: 0.766±0.11**; H-BMD: 0.872±0.12***. (p=0.39*2; p<0.001**; p<0.001***). |
Hannan et al., 2008 |
United States - Massachusetts |
Men: Black (n=331), Hispacnic (n=362); White (n=421). |
Black: 48.0+12.5; Hispacnic: 44.4+10.9 White: 48.3+13.1 (p<0.001) |
Black: 25.0 +14.7; Hispacnic: 32.9+13.9; White: 37.4+14.0 (p<0.001) |
Black: FN-BMD: 0.94+0.15; T-BMD: 0.81+0.14; H-BMD: 1.09+0.15; LS-BMD: 1.10+0.15; TR-BMD: 0.80+0.07; DR-BMD: 0.56+0.08. Hispacnic: FN-BMD: 0.88+0.14; T-BMD: 0.76+0.12; H-BMD: 1.02+0.15; LS-BMD: 1.00+0.13; TR-BMD: 0.75+0.06; DR-BMD: 0.52+0.07. White: FN-BMD: 0.84+0.12; T-BMD: 0.75+0.12; H-BMD: 1.00+0.14; LS-BMD: 1.03+0.15; TR-BMD: 0.76+0.06; DR-BMD: 0.52+0.07. (p<0.001, comparing the same bone site between groups) |
Arya et al., 2004 |
Indian - Lucknow |
Hospital worker: Men (n=35); Women (n=67) |
34.2± 6.7 |
12.3±10.9 |
--- |
Högström et al., 2006+
|
Sweden - Umea |
Men, White (n=73) |
22.6+0.7 |
39.26+13.82 |
BMC: 1.31+0.08; H-BMD: 1.26+0.15; LS-BMD: 1.27+0.12. |
Frost et al., 2010*+
|
Denmark - Odense |
Men (n=700) |
25(OH)D Suf.: 25.6+2.9 25(OH)D Insuf.: 25.6+2.8 25(OH)D Def.: 25.3+2.8 (p>0.05)) |
Spring: 23.75+10.85 Summer: 24.27+11.17 Autum: 30.04+7.85 Winter: 28.20+11.81g (p<0.001) |
25(OH)D Suf. LS-BMD: 1.08+0.12*; FN-BMD: 0.95+0.13; H-BMD: 1.09+0.14. 25(OH)D Insuf. LS-BMD: 1.09+0.13*; FN-BMD: 0.97+0.14**; H-BMD: 1.10+0.14***. 25(OH)D Def. LS-BMD:1.06+0.12*; FN-BMD: 0.93+0.13**; H-BMD: 1.05+0.14***. (p=0.024*; p=0.004**; p=0.032***) |
Boot et al., 2011+
|
--- |
Men (n=117); Women (n=347) |
Men: 24.8+3.0; Women: 24.1+2.8 |
Men: 28.44+10.81; Women: 35.65+12.62 |
Men: BMC: 1.276+0.09; LS-BMD: 1.272+0.15; FN-BMD: 1.139+0.16. Women: BMC: 1.182+0.07; LS-BMD: 1.248+0.13; FN-BMD:1.063+0.13. |
Kull et al., 2012+
|
Estônia - Lääne-Viru County |
Men (n=122); Women (n=151). |
Men: 48.3+11.8; Women: 49.2+12.9. (p=0.41) |
Measured in winter: Men: 17.1+5.0; Women: 17.58+6.08 Measured in summer: Men: 24.63+7.57; Women: 23.35+7.13 (p=0.19) |
Men: LS-BMD: 1.202+0.175; FN-BMD: 1.017+0.127; T-BMD: 0.965+0.155; H-BMD: 1.102+0.134; BMC: 1.264+0.086. Women: LS-BMD: 1.127+0.191; FN-BMD: 0.969+0.150; T-BMD: 0.848+0.136; H-BMD: 763.5+142.6; BMC: 1.032+0.149. (p=0.08; p=0.003; p<0.0001; p<0.0001; p<0.0001, comparing the same bone site between groups) |
Joo et al., 2013*+
|
Korea |
22-29 years Men (n=574); Women (n=775) |
Men: 25.5+0.1; Women: 25.6+0.1 |
Men: 17.78+0.04; Women: 15.5+0.2 |
Men: FN-BMD: 5.06+0.04; H-BMD: 42.76+0.32; LS-BMD: 68.82+0.49. Women: FN-BMD: 3.47+0.02; H-BMD: 28.70+0.18; LS-BMD: 57.26+0.36. (Results presented in grams) |
George et al., 2014*+
|
South African - Johannesburg |
Women: Black African (n=187); Indian Asian (n=187) Men: Black African (n=181); Indian Asian (n=160) |
Women: Black African: 41.7+13.1; Asian Indian: 43.8+12.7 (p=0.08) Men: Black African: 41.7+13.2; Asian Indian 43.0+13.2 (p=0.36) |
Women: Black African: 23.35 (17.18-34.29) Asian Indian: 14.30 (9.21-21-83) (p<0.0001) Men: Black African: 29.12 (20.47-37-70) Asian Indian: 18.18 (13.46-25.12) (p<0.0001) |
Men: Black African: ST-BMD 0.695(0.683-0.707*); H-BMD: 1.068(0.934-1.162)**; FN-BMD: 0.938(0.826-1.026)***. Asian Indian: ST-BMD 0.671(0.659-0.683)*; H-BMD: 0.946(0.882-1.051)**; FN-BMD: 0.793(0.723-0.873). (p=0.02*; p<0.0001**; p<0.0001***) Women: Black African: ST-BMD 0.702(0.691-0.713)*; H-BMD: 0.998(0.909-1.088)**; FN-BMD: 0.919(0.830-0.995)***. Asian Indian: ST-BMD 0.648(0.636-0.659)*; H-BMD: 0.887(0.803-0.978)**; FN-BMD: 0.777(0.692-0.859)***. (p<0.0001*; p<0.0001**; p<0.0001***) |
Wei et al., 2015* |
China - Guangzhou |
Men (122); Women (n=188). |
Men: 43.89+21.29 Women: 49.67+17.61 (p<0.05) |
Men: 27.25+7.94 Women: 25.35+6.59 (p<0.05) |
Men: LS-BMD: 1.17+0.18; FN-BMD: 0.97+0.18. Women: LS-BMD: 1.04+0.17; FN-BMD: 0.84+0.15. (p<0.001, for all bone sites) |
Zhang et al., 2016*+
|
China - Guiyang |
Men: Young (n=346); Middle-age (n=182) |
Young: 30+6.4 (p<0.05) Middle-age: 49.2+5.8 (p<0.01) |
Young: 17.46+9.49 (p<0.01) Middle-age: 23.59+8.04 (>0.05) |
Young: FN-BMD: 0.95+0.12; (p<0.001); H-BMD: 1.000+0.12 (p<0.001); LS-BMD: 1.10+0.12. Middle-age: FN-BMD: 0.88+0.12; (p<0.01); H-BMD: 0.95+0.14 (p<0.01); LS-BMD: 1.10+0.14. |
Callegari et al., 2017+
|
Canada - Victoria |
Women (n=400) |
22+3 |
27.64+11.21 |
BMC: 1.527+236; LS-BMD: 1.04+0.13; H-BMD: 0.93+0.12; FN-BMD: 0.87+0.13. |
Ardawi et al., 2012*+
|
Saudi Arabia - Jeddah, |
Men (<50 years) (n=550) |
35.7+10.6 |
12.52+7.02 |
LS-BMD: 1.116+0.143; FN-BMD: 1.029+0.168. |