Prevalence of common mental disorders among Brazilian workers: systematic review and meta-analysis

Coledam, Diogo Henrique Constantino; Alves, Taciane Aurora; Arruda, Gustavo Aires de; Ferraiol, Philippe Fanelli

doi:10.1590/1413-81232022272.46012020

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REVIEW • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 27 (02) • Feb 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022272.46012020 copy

Prevalence of common mental disorders among Brazilian workers: systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns em trabalhadores brasileiros: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to summarize the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among Brazilian workers through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted in SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Articles were included if they had; an observational design, a sample of Brazilian workers, used a validated instrument and cut-off to assess CMD, and provided the prevalence value. A random-effect meta-analysis using professional categories as subgroups and a meta-regression were conducted. In total, 89 studies were included, with a total of 56,278 workers from 26 professional categories. The overall pooled prevalence of CMD was 0.30 (95%CI: 0.27-0.34), varying from 0.07 to 0.58. Professional categories that presented higher prevalences of CMD were: Prostitutes 0.58 (95%CI: 0.51-0.65), Social Educators 0.54 (95%CI: 0.50-0.59), Banking Workers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.44-0.47), Ragpickers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.40-0.49), and Teachers 0.40 (95%CI: 0.32-0.48). No other variable in addition to profession was associated with prevalence of CMD in the meta-regression analysis. Workers from the most affected professional categories should be monitored to prevent social, occupational, and health impairment from CMD.

Key words:
Mental health; Occupational exposure; Epidemiology

Subgroup	Estimate (95%CI)	Adjusted coefficient (95%CI)	P-value
Professional category
Group 4	0.16 (0.12-0.20)	Reference
Group 3	0.27 (0.24-0.30)	0.07 (0.01 - 0.14)	0.038
Group 2	0.34 (0.28-0.41)	0.18 (0.10 - 0.25)	< 0.001
Group 1	0.43 (0.36-0.49)	0.24 (0.16 - 0.32)	< 0.001
Instrument
SRQ	0.29 (0.26-0.33)	Reference
GHQ	0.38 (0.31-0.44)	-0.09 (-0.20 - 0.03)	0.126
Cut-offs
SRQ ≥ 7	0.30 (0.25 - 0.35)	Reference
SRQ ≥ 8	0.34 (0.24 - 0.44)	-0.06 (-0.15 - 0.03)	0.181
SRQ: F ≥ 8 and M ≥ 6	0.25 (0.19 - 0.31)	-0.04 (-0.11 - 0.03)	0.270
Others including GHQ	0.35 (0.30 - 0.39)	0.04 (-0.05 - 0.12)	0.401
Sample
Up to 299	0.30 (0.23 - 0.36)	Reference
300 to 599	0.30 (0.24 - 0.35)	-0.01 (-0.04 - 0.07)	0.667
≥ 600	0.33 (0.27 - 0.39)	0.04 (-0.02 - 0.10)	0.207
Region
South	0.31 (0.24-0.39)	Reference
Southeast	0.33 (0.29-0.37)	0.06 (-0.01 - 0.13)	0.065
Northeast	0.27 (0.22-0.32)	0.00 (-0.07 - 0.07)	0.950
North	0.50 (0.40-0.59)	0.13 (-0.11 - 0.38)	0.276
≥ two regions	0.19 (0.07-0.32)	-0.06 (-0.18 - 0.05)	0.294
Risk of bias
Low	0.30 (0.27 - 0.33)	Reference
Moderate	0.35 (0.22 - 0.48)	0.03 (-0.04 - 0.10)	0.443
Year of data collection
1995 to 2008	0.31 (0.26 - 0.36)	Reference
2009 to 2012	0.26 (0.22 - 0.30)	-0.04 (-0.10 - 0.02)	0.191
2013 to 2018	0.37 (0.29 - 0.44)	0.06 (-0.01 - 0.13)	0.105
Not-informed	0.30 (0.20 - 0.40)	-0.03 (-0.16 - 0.11)	0.688

Professional categories	Pooled prevalence	95%CI	Group
Prostitutes	0.58	0.51 - 0.65
Social educators	0.54	0.50 - 0.59
Banking workers	0.45	0.44 - 0.47	Group 1
Ragpickers	0.45	0.40 - 0.49
Teachers and professors	0.40	0.32 - 0.48
Nutritionists	0.38	0.32 - 0.44
Military personnel	0.34	0.30 - 0.38
Rural workers	0.34	0.15 - 0.53
Community health agents	0.34	0.25 - 0.43	Group 2
Salespeople	0.31	0.22 - 0.42
Civil aviation flight attendants	0.30	0.26 - 0.34
Police officers	0.30	0.23 - 0.36
Cleaning staff	0.28	0.22 - 0.34
Nursing staff	0.27	0.22 - 0.33
Administrative technicians	0.26	0.18 - 0.33
Prison agents	0.26	0.20 - 0.31	Group 3
Poultry production workers	0.24	0.22 - 0.27
Managers	0.24	0.15 - 0.36
Electricians	0.20	0.14 - 0.27
Physicians	0.18	0.14 - 0.22
Drivers and collectors	0.18	0.06 - 0.29
Dentists	0.16	0.07 - 0.25
Military firefighters	0.16	0.13 - 0.19	Group 4
Maritime workers	0.14	0.11 - 0.19
Fitness workers	0.08	0.05 - 0.10
Civil aviation pilots	0.07	0.05 - 0.09

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[1] Collaborations

Coledam DHC worked on the conception and design of the study, searching, data extraction, statistical analysis and interpretation, drafting, critical review and final approval of the manuscript. Aurora TA performed searching, data extraction, interpretation of data, critical review and final approval of the manuscript. Arruda GA performed substantial contribution on interpretation, drafting, critical review and final approval of the manuscript. Ferraiol PH contributed on data analysis and interpretation, drafting, critical review and final approval of the manuscript.